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/qemu/include/system/
H A Ddma.h27 * or less have to treat these as 64-bit always to cover all (or at
43 AddressSpace *as; member
46 static inline void dma_barrier(AddressSpace *as, DMADirection dir) in dma_barrier() argument
72 static inline bool dma_memory_valid(AddressSpace *as, in dma_memory_valid() argument
76 return address_space_access_valid(as, addr, len, in dma_memory_valid()
81 static inline MemTxResult dma_memory_rw_relaxed(AddressSpace *as, in dma_memory_rw_relaxed() argument
87 return address_space_rw(as, addr, attrs, in dma_memory_rw_relaxed()
91 static inline MemTxResult dma_memory_read_relaxed(AddressSpace *as, in dma_memory_read_relaxed() argument
95 return dma_memory_rw_relaxed(as, addr, buf, len, in dma_memory_read_relaxed()
100 static inline MemTxResult dma_memory_write_relaxed(AddressSpace *as, in dma_memory_write_relaxed() argument
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/qemu/audio/
H A Daudio_win_int.c15 struct audsettings *as) in waveformat_from_audio_settings() argument
19 wfx->nChannels = as->nchannels; in waveformat_from_audio_settings()
20 wfx->nSamplesPerSec = as->freq; in waveformat_from_audio_settings()
21 wfx->nAvgBytesPerSec = as->freq << (as->nchannels == 2); in waveformat_from_audio_settings()
22 wfx->nBlockAlign = 1 << (as->nchannels == 2); in waveformat_from_audio_settings()
25 switch (as->fmt) { in waveformat_from_audio_settings()
56 dolog("Internal logic error: Bad audio format %d\n", as->fmt); in waveformat_from_audio_settings()
64 struct audsettings *as) in waveformat_to_audio_settings() argument
70 as->freq = wfx->nSamplesPerSec; in waveformat_to_audio_settings()
74 as->nchannels = 1; in waveformat_to_audio_settings()
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H A Daudio_template.h16 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
162 struct audsettings *as in glue()
167 audio_pcm_init_info (&sw->info, as); in glue()
255 struct audsettings *as) in glue()
258 if (audio_pcm_info_eq (&hw->info, as)) { in glue()
266 struct audsettings *as) in glue()
297 if (glue (hw->pcm_ops->init_, TYPE) (hw, as, s->drv_opaque)) { in glue()
401 static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_add_, TYPE)(AudioState *s, struct audsettings *as) in glue()
407 hw = glue(audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE)(s, as); in glue()
413 hw = glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_specific_, TYPE)(s, NULL, as); in glue()
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/qemu/target/i386/
H A Darch_memory_mapping.c20 static void walk_pte(MemoryMappingList *list, AddressSpace *as, in walk_pte() argument
31 pte = address_space_ldq(as, pte_addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, NULL); in walk_pte()
50 static void walk_pte2(MemoryMappingList *list, AddressSpace *as, in walk_pte2() argument
61 pte = address_space_ldl(as, pte_addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, NULL); in walk_pte2()
82 static void walk_pde(MemoryMappingList *list, AddressSpace *as, in walk_pde() argument
93 pde = address_space_ldq(as, pde_addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, NULL); in walk_pde()
114 walk_pte(list, as, pte_start_addr, a20_mask, line_addr); in walk_pde()
119 static void walk_pde2(MemoryMappingList *list, AddressSpace *as, in walk_pde2() argument
130 pde = address_space_ldl(as, pde_addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, NULL); in walk_pde2()
156 walk_pte2(list, as, pte_start_addr, a20_mask, line_addr); in walk_pde2()
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/qemu/include/hw/
H A Dloader.h11 * On error, errno is also set as appropriate.
28 * errno is also set as appropriate.
36 * @as: The AddressSpace to load the ELF to. The value of address_space_memory
44 hwaddr addr, uint64_t max_sz, AddressSpace *as);
49 * @as: The AddressSpace to load the .hex file to. The value of
57 AddressSpace *as);
60 * Same as load_image_targphys_as(), but doesn't allow the caller to specify
72 * The file loaded is registered as a ROM, so its contents will be
98 * Returns 0 if the image could not be identified as a EFI zboot image.
99 * Returns -1 if the buffer contents were identified as a EFI zboot image, but
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/qemu/docs/system/arm/
H A Dmps2.rst7 bigger FPGA but is otherwise the same as the 2; the 3 has a bigger
11 details of the board as seen by the guest depend significantly on the
19 Cortex-M3 as documented in Arm Application Note AN385
21 Cortex-M4 as documented in Arm Application Note AN386
23 Cortex-M7 as documented in Arm Application Note AN500
25 Cortex-M33 as documented in Arm Application Note AN505
27 Cortex-M3 'DesignStart' as documented in Arm Application Note AN511
29 Dual Cortex-M33 as documented in Arm Application Note AN521
31 Dual Cortex-M33 on an MPS3, as documented in Arm Application Note AN524
33 Cortex-M55 on an MPS3, as documented in Arm Application Note AN547
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/qemu/system/
H A Dmemory.c155 #define MEMORY_LISTENER_UPDATE_REGION(fr, as, dir, callback, _args...) \ argument
158 address_space_to_flatview(as)); \
159 MEMORY_LISTENER_CALL(as, callback, dir, &mrs, ##_args); \
576 AddressSpace *as; in memory_region_to_address_space() local
581 QTAILQ_FOREACH(as, &address_spaces, address_spaces_link) { in memory_region_to_address_space()
582 if (mr == as->root) { in memory_region_to_address_space()
583 return as; in memory_region_to_address_space()
704 /* The alias is included in its entirety. Use it as in memory_region_get_flatview_root()
770 static void address_space_add_del_ioeventfds(AddressSpace *as, in address_space_add_del_ioeventfds() argument
781 * and deleting as necessary. in address_space_add_del_ioeventfds()
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/qemu/hw/audio/
H A Dlm4549.c186 struct audsettings as; in lm4549_write() local
187 as.freq = value; in lm4549_write()
188 as.nchannels = 2; in lm4549_write()
189 as.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16; in lm4549_write()
190 as.endianness = 0; in lm4549_write()
198 &as in lm4549_write()
256 struct audsettings as; in lm4549_post_load() local
257 as.freq = freq; in lm4549_post_load()
258 as.nchannels = 2; in lm4549_post_load()
259 as.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16; in lm4549_post_load()
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/qemu/docs/system/
H A Dsecrets.rst21 INSECURE: Passing secrets as clear text inline
50 Passing secrets as clear text via a file
62 data. It is important to note that the contents of the file are treated as an
63 opaque blob. The entire raw file contents is used as the value, thus it is
77 will be launched under. If using mandatory access control such as SELinux, then
83 Passing secrets as cipher text inline
86 To address the insecurity of passing secrets inline as clear text, it is
87 possible to configure a second secret as an AES key to use for decrypting
90 The secret used as the AES key must always be configured using the file based
100 The contents of this file will by used as an AES-256 key to encrypt the
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H A Dintroduction.rst11 of hypervisors (known as accelerators) as well as a JIT known as the
24 - Linux (as dom0)
62 dynamically add and remove devices as well as introspect the system
66 the interface used by higher level tools interfaces such as `Virt
95 as:
114 can also be passed as an argument to another option. For example:
154 virtualisation so we can use KVM inside the emulated guest. As the
176 As the ``virt`` platform doesn't have any default network or storage
186 We connect the user-mode networking to our network device. As
203 character backend multiplexer`). As there is no default graphical
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H A Dsecurity.rst22 hosting, as well as traditional data center and desktop virtualization. These
36 real-world use cases and treated as security bugs if this is the case.
43 the non-virtualization use case should meet the same security requirements as
63 virtual machine. Isolation also includes resource limits such as throttling of
109 launch QEMU, such as libvirt. They are also platform-specific so they are only
112 The fundamental isolation mechanism is that QEMU processes must run as
113 unprivileged users. Sometimes it seems more convenient to launch QEMU as
116 unprivileged QEMU process access to host devices without running QEMU as root.
117 It is also possible to launch QEMU as a non-root user and configure UNIX groups
127 limits on key resources such as CPU time, memory, and I/O bandwidth.
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H A Dgeneric-loader.rst34 as big endian data. The default is to write little endian data.
42 will be parsed as decimal. To use hex values the user should prefix the number
58 The value to use as the CPU's PC.
65 will be parsed as decimal. To use hex values the user should prefix the number
76 U-Boot, and Intel HEX executable formats as well as raw images. The syntax is
98 Setting 'force-raw=on' forces the file to be treated as a raw image.
99 This can be used to load supported executable formats as if they
104 will be parsed as decimal. To use hex values the user should prefix the number
115 you want to set the PC as well. This might not always be the case. In
/qemu/docs/tools/
H A Dqemu-nbd.rst24 - As a client to query exports of a remote NBD server.
47 TCP port to listen on as a server, or connect to as a client
56 The interface to bind to as a server, or connect to as a client
65 Treat *filename* as a set of image options, instead of a plain
76 Export the disk as read-only.
92 Use *filename* as an external snapshot, create a temporary
99 as an read-only device, SNAPSHOT_PARAM format is
120 Control whether ``discard`` (also known as ``trim`` or ``unmap``)
156 Set the NBD volume export description, as a human-readable
166 Connect as a client and list all details about the exports exposed by
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/qemu/tests/qtest/fuzz/
H A Dqtest_wrappers.c110 address_space_read(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, in __wrap_qtest_readb()
122 address_space_read(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, in __wrap_qtest_readw()
134 address_space_read(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, in __wrap_qtest_readl()
146 address_space_read(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, in __wrap_qtest_readq()
157 address_space_write(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, in __wrap_qtest_writeb()
167 address_space_write(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, in __wrap_qtest_writew()
177 address_space_write(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, in __wrap_qtest_writel()
187 address_space_write(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, in __wrap_qtest_writeq()
197 address_space_read(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, data, in __wrap_qtest_memread()
207 address_space_read(first_cpu->as, addr, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED, data, in __wrap_qtest_bufread()
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/qemu/include/hw/ppc/
H A Dspapr_vio.h13 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
65 AddressSpace as; member
94 return dma_memory_valid(&dev->as, taddr, size, dir, MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED); in spapr_vio_dma_valid()
100 return (dma_memory_read(&dev->as, taddr, in spapr_vio_dma_read()
108 return (dma_memory_write(&dev->as, taddr, in spapr_vio_dma_write()
116 return (dma_memory_set(&dev->as, taddr, in spapr_vio_dma_set()
122 (stb_dma(&(_dev)->as, (_addr), (_val), MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED))
124 (stw_be_dma(&(_dev)->as, (_addr), (_val), MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED))
126 (stl_be_dma(&(_dev)->as, (_addr), (_val), MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED))
128 (stq_be_dma(&(_dev)->as, (_addr), (_val), MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED))
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/qemu/hw/misc/
H A Dtz-msc.c91 * whether bus master is configured as Secure or NonSecure in tz_msc_check()
97 /* NonSecure region -- always forward as NS transaction */ in tz_msc_check()
128 AddressSpace *as = &s->downstream_as; in tz_msc_read() local
150 data = address_space_ldub(as, addr, attrs, &res); in tz_msc_read()
153 data = address_space_lduw_le(as, addr, attrs, &res); in tz_msc_read()
156 data = address_space_ldl_le(as, addr, attrs, &res); in tz_msc_read()
159 data = address_space_ldq_le(as, addr, attrs, &res); in tz_msc_read()
172 AddressSpace *as = &s->downstream_as; in tz_msc_write() local
192 address_space_stb(as, addr, val, attrs, &res); in tz_msc_write()
195 address_space_stw_le(as, addr, val, attrs, &res); in tz_msc_write()
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/qemu/docs/devel/migration/
H A Dmapped-ram.rst17 usage of O_DIRECT for save/restore of the migration stream as the
38 For best performance enable the ``direct-io`` parameter as well:
48 thought of as snapshots. We can further categorize them into live and
56 as fast as it can.
67 but will be less performant. Other strategies such as
68 background-snapshot should be evaluated as well. One benefit of
88 ramblock. Zero pages are ignored as they'd be zero in the destination
89 migration as well.
124 - ramblock header: the generic information for a ramblock, such as
135 (due to the memory dirtying patterns), streaming channels such as
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/qemu/include/qobject/
H A Dqnum.h30 * Conceptually, we treat number as an abstract type with three
32 * integer. QNum implements this as a discriminated union of double,
35 * The JSON parser picks the subtype as follows. If the number has a
40 * Any number can serve as double: qnum_get_double() converts under
43 * An integer can serve as signed / unsigned integer as long as it is
/qemu/docs/interop/
H A Dqcow2.rst9 Likewise, the virtual disk as seen by the guest is divided into (guest)
43 Note: QEMU as of today has an implementation limit of 2 MB
44 as the maximum cluster size and won't be able to open images
53 Note: QEMU has an implementation limit of 32 MB as
61 hit other limits first (such as a file system's
162 be read as a consistent standalone raw image
195 as well as filled by zeros (which is equal to field absence), if software needs
209 3. An explicit value of 0 will have the same behavior as when the field is not
246 paragraph, i.e. in the same manner as when this field is not present.
286 Some header extensions (such as the backing file format name and the external
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/qemu/docs/devel/
H A Dsubmitting-a-pull-request.rst7 sent as simple patch emails to the mailing list (see our page on
17 **Resend the patches with the pull request** as emails which are
18 threaded as follow-ups to the pull request itself. The simplest way to
23 **Use PULL as the subject line tag** in both the cover letter and the
29 **Each patch must have your own Signed-off-by: line** as well as that of
46 fixed patch series as normal to the list; you can't put it in a pull
53 request. As a submaintainer you're one of QEMU's lines of defense
57 the pullreq email should quote a tag which is a GPG-signed tag (as
/qemu/hw/fsi/
H A Daspeed_apb2opb.c68 * as initial values.
112 static MemTxResult fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_rw(AddressSpace *as, hwaddr addr, in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_rw() argument
121 address_space_stl_le(as, addr, *data, attrs, &res); in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_rw()
124 address_space_stw_le(as, addr, *data, attrs, &res); in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_rw()
127 address_space_stb(as, addr, *data, attrs, &res); in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_rw()
135 *data = address_space_ldl_le(as, addr, attrs, &res); in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_rw()
138 *data = address_space_lduw_le(as, addr, attrs, &res); in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_rw()
141 *data = address_space_ldub(as, addr, attrs, &res); in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_rw()
177 "%s: Bridge needs to be driven as BE (0x%x)\n", in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_write()
184 "%s: Bridge needs to be driven as BE (0x%x)\n", in fsi_aspeed_apb2opb_write()
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/qemu/tests/qemu-iotests/
H A D060.out11 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Preventing invalid write on metadata (overlaps with active L1 tabl…
39 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Preventing invalid write on metadata (overlaps with refcount block…
75 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Preventing invalid write on metadata (overlaps with inactive L2 ta…
110 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Preventing invalid write on metadata (overlaps with active L2 tabl…
121 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Preventing invalid write on metadata (overlaps with qcow2_header);…
129 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: L2 table offset 0x42a00 unaligned (L1 index: 0); further corruptio…
134 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: L2 table offset 0x42a00 unaligned (L1 index: 0); further corruptio…
142 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Cluster allocation offset 0x52a00 unaligned (L2 offset: 0x40000, L…
150 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Cluster allocation offset 0x52a00 unaligned (L2 offset: 0x40000, L…
156 qcow2: Marking image as corrupt: Refblock offset 0x22a00 unaligned (reftable index: 0); further cor…
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/qemu/include/hw/arm/
H A Dboot.h34 * correctly on system reset, as well as for kernel loading.)
57 * have their own boot functions can use these values as they want.
64 * control whether Linux is booted as secure(true) or non-secure(false).
97 * as appropriate. arm_load_kernel() will set the psci-conduit and
100 * as the conduit specifies calls should go to (eg guest firmware booted
129 * including setting up EL3/Secure registers such as the NSACR as
162 * @as: address space to load image to
180 hwaddr addr_limit, AddressSpace *as, MachineState *ms,
211 * @as: AddressSpace to write the bootloader
217 * space @as. @name is the name to use for the resulting ROM blob, so
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/qemu/tests/multiboot/
H A Dmodules.out13 Content: 'This is a test file that is used as a multiboot module.'
20 Content: 'This is a test file that is used as a multiboot module.'
27 Content: 'This is a test file that is used as a multiboot module.'
34 Content: 'This is a test file that is used as a multiboot module.'
36 Content: 'This is a test file that is used as a multiboot module.'
38 Content: 'This is a test file that is used as a multiboot module.'
/qemu/target/hexagon/idef-parser/
H A DREADME.rst13 The ISA description language represents the ``add`` instruction as
39 passed explicitly as function parameters. Among the passed parameters we will
75 As you may notice, the description code modifies the registers which have been
119 argument. This is instruction is defined as
138 with macros such as ``fJUMPR`` intact.
239 Note, the only local variable allowed to be used as an argument is the effective
241 variable declaration such as ``int a;``, a code block, which is just a
249 to simplify parsing. For instance, variable names such as ``RdV``, ``RssV``,
255 Also, as mentioned earlier, the names ``PC``, ``SP``, ``FP``, etc. are used to
256 refer to Hexagon registers such as the program counter, stack pointer, and frame
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