1The UNIX system family tree: Research and BSD 2--------------------------------------------- 3 4First Edition (V1) 5 | 6Second Edition (V2) 7 | 8Third Edition (V3) 9 | 10Fourth Edition (V4) 11 | 12Fifth Edition (V5) 13 | 14Sixth Edition (V6) -----* 15 \ | 16 \ | 17 \ | 18Seventh Edition (V7)----|----------------------* 19 \ | | 20 \ 1BSD | 21 32V | | 22 \ 2BSD---------------* | 23 \ / | | 24 \ / | | 25 \/ | | 26 3BSD | | 27 | | | 28 4.0BSD 2.79BSD | 29 | | | 30 4.1BSD --------------> 2.8BSD <-* 31 | | 32 4.1aBSD -----------\ | 33 | \ | 34 4.1bBSD \ | 35 | \ | 36 *------ 4.1cBSD --------------> 2.9BSD 37 / | | 38Eighth Edition | 2.9BSD-Seismo 39 | | | 40 +----<--- 4.2BSD 2.9.1BSD 41 | | | 42 +----<--- 4.3BSD -------------> 2.10BSD 43 | | / | 44Ninth Edition | / 2.10.1BSD 45 | 4.3BSD Tahoe-----+ | 46 | | \ | 47 | | \ | 48 v | 2.11BSD 49Tenth Edition | | 50 | 2.11BSD rev #430 51 4.3BSD NET/1 | 52 | v 53 4.3BSD Reno 54 | 55 *---------- 4.3BSD NET/2 -------------------+-------------* 56 | | | | 57386BSD 0.0 | | BSD/386 ALPHA 58 | | | | 59386BSD 0.1 ------------>+ | BSD/386 0.3.[13] 60 | \ | 4.4BSD Alpha | 61 | 386BSD 1.0 | | BSD/386 0.9.[34] 62 | | 4.4BSD | 63 | | / | | 64 | | 4.4BSD-Encumbered | | 65 | -NetBSD 0.8 | BSD/386 1.0 66 | / | | | 67FreeBSD 1.0 <-----' *--NetBSD 0.9 | BSD/386 1.1 68 | | .----- 4.4BSD Lite | 69FreeBSD 1.1 | / / | \ | 70 | | / | | \ | 71FreeBSD 1.1.5 .---|--------' | | \ | 72 | / | | | \ | 73FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 / | | | \ | 74 | / *--NetBSD 1.0 <-' | \ | 75 | / | | \ | 76FreeBSD 2.0 <--' | | BSD/OS 2.0 77 | \ | | 78FreeBSD 2.0.5 \ | BSD/OS 2.0.1 79 | .-----\------------- 4.4BSD Lite2 | 80 | | \ | | | | | 81 | | .-----|------Rhapsody | | | | 82 | | | | NetBSD 1.3 | | | 83 | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | | 84 | | | | BSD/OS 3.0 | 85FreeBSD 2.1 | | | | 86 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.1 ---. BSD/OS 2.1 87 | FreeBSD 2.1.5 | | | \ | 88 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.2 \ BSD/OS 3.0 89 | FreeBSD 2.1.6 | | | \ OpenBSD 2.0 | 90 | | | | | \ | | 91 | FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 | | | \ | | 92 | | | | | \ | | 93 | FreeBSD 2.1.7 | | | | | | 94 | | | | | NetBSD 1.2.1 | | 95 | FreeBSD 2.1.7.1 | | | | | 96 | | | | | | 97 | | | | | | 98 *-FreeBSD 2.2 | | | | | 99 | \ | | | | | 100 | FreeBSD 2.2.1 | | | | | 101 | | | | | | | 102 | FreeBSD 2.2.2 | | | OpenBSD 2.1 | 103 | | | | | | | 104 | FreeBSD 2.2.5 | | | | | 105 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.2 | 106 | | | | *--NetBSD 1.3 | | 107 | FreeBSD 2.2.6 | | | | | | 108 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.1 | BSD/OS 3.1 109 | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.3 | 110 | | | | | NetBSD 1.3.2 | | 111 | FreeBSD 2.2.7 | | | | | | 112 | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0 113 | FreeBSD 2.2.8 | | | | | | 114 | | | | | | | | 115 | v | | | | OpenBSD 2.4 | 116 | FreeBSD 2.2.9 | | | | | | 117 | | | | | | | 118FreeBSD 3.0 <--------* | | v | | 119 | | | NetBSD 1.3.3 | | 120 *---FreeBSD 3.1 | | | | 121 | | | | | BSD/OS 4.0.1 122 | FreeBSD 3.2----* | .--*--NetBSD 1.4 OpenBSD 2.5 | 123 | | | | | | | | | 124 | | | | | | | | | 125 | | | | | | | | | 126 | FreeBSD 3.3 | | | | NetBSD 1.4.1 | | 127 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 2.6 | 128 | FreeBSD 3.4 | | | | | | | 129 | | | | | | | | BSD/OS 4.1 130FreeBSD 4.0 | | | | | NetBSD 1.4.2 | | 131 | | | | | | | | | 132 | | | | | | | | | 133 | FreeBSD 3.5 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.7 | 134 | | | | | | | | | 135 | FreeBSD 3.5.1 | | | | | | | 136 | | | | | | | | 137 *---FreeBSD 4.1 | | | | | | | 138 | | | | | | | | | 139 | FreeBSD 4.1.1 | | / | | | | 140 | | | | / | | | | 141 | FreeBSD 4.2 Darwin/ | NetBSD 1.4.3 | | 142 | | Mac OS X | OpenBSD 2.8 BSD/OS 4.2 143 | | | | | | 144 | | | | | | 145 | | 10.0 *--NetBSD 1.5 | | 146 | FreeBSD 4.3 | | | | | 147 | | | | | OpenBSD 2.9 | 148 | | | | NetBSD 1.5.1 | | 149 | | | | | | | 150 | FreeBSD 4.4-. | | NetBSD 1.5.2 | | 151 | | | Mac OS X | | | | 152 | | | 10.1 | | OpenBSD 3.0 | 153 | FreeBSD 4.5 | | | | | | 154 | | \ | | | | BSD/OS 4.3 155 | FreeBSD 4.6 \ | | | OpenBSD 3.1 | 156 | | \ | | NetBSD 1.5.3 | | 157 | FreeBSD 4.6.2 Mac OS X | | | 158 | | 10.2 | | | 159 | FreeBSD 4.7 | | | | 160 | | | *--NetBSD 1.6 OpenBSD 3.2 | 161 | FreeBSD 4.8 | | | | | 162 | | | | NetBSD 1.6.1 | | 163 | |--------. | | | OpenBSD 3.3 BSD/OS 5.0 164 | | \ | | | | | 165 | FreeBSD 4.9 | | | | OpenBSD 3.4 BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 166 | | | | | | | 167 | | | | | NetBSD 1.6.2 | 168 | | | | | | | 169 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.5 170 | | | | | v | 171 | FreeBSD 4.10 | | | | 172 | | | | | | 173 | FreeBSD 4.11 | | | | 174 | | | | | 175 | `-|------|-------------------|-------------------. 176 | | | | \ 177FreeBSD 5.0 | | | | 178 | | | | | 179FreeBSD 5.1 | | | DragonFly 1.0 180 | \ | | | | 181 | ----- Mac OS X | | | 182 | 10.3 | | | 183FreeBSD 5.2 | | | | 184 | | | | | | 185 | FreeBSD 5.2.1 | | | | 186 | | | | | 187 *-------FreeBSD 5.3 | | | | 188 | | | | OpenBSD 3.6 | 189 | | | *--NetBSD 2.0 | | 190 | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.2.0 191 | | Mac OS X | | NetBSD 2.0.2 | | 192 | | 10.4 | | | | | 193 | FreeBSD 5.4 | | | | | | 194 | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.7 | 195 | | | | | NetBSD 2.0.3 | | 196 | | | | | | | | 197 *--FreeBSD | | | | v OpenBSD 3.8 | 198 | 6.0 | | | | | | 199 | | | | | \ | | 200 | | | | | NetBSD 2.1 | | 201 | | | | | | | 202 | | | | *--NetBSD 3.0 | | 203 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 1.4.0 204 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 3.9 | 205 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 206 | 6.1 | | | | | | | 207 | | FreeBSD 5.5 | | | | | | 208 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.1 | DragonFly 1.6.0 209 | | | | | | | | 210 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.0 | 211 | | | | | NetBSD 3.0.2 | | 212 | | | | NetBSD 3.1 | | 213 | FreeBSD 6.2 | | | | 214 | | | | | DragonFly 1.8.0 215 | | | | OpenBSD 4.1 | 216 | | | | | DragonFly 1.10.0 217 | | Mac OS X | | | 218 | | 10.5 | | | 219 | | | | OpenBSD 4.2 | 220 | | | *--NetBSD 4.0 | | 221 | FreeBSD 6.3 | | | | | 222 | \ | | | | | 223 *--FreeBSD | | | | | DragonFly 1.12.0 224 | 7.0 | | | | | | 225 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.3 | 226 | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.0.0 227 | | FreeBSD | | 4.0.1 OpenBSD 4.4 | 228 | | 6.4 | | | | 229 | | | | | | 230 | FreeBSD 7.1 | | | | 231 | | | | | DragonFly 2.2.0 232 | FreeBSD 7.2 | *--NetBSD OpenBSD 4.5 | 233 | \ | | 5.0 | | 234 | \ | | / | \ | | 235 | | Mac OS X | | | \ | | 236 | | 10.6 | | | \ | | 237 | | | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 2.4.0 238 | | | | | | 5.0.1 OpenBSD 4.6 | 239 | | | | | | | | | 240 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | | 241 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | 242 | | FreeBSD | | | | NetBSD | | 243 | | 7.3 | | | | 5.0.2 | DragonFly 2.6.0 244 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.7 | 245 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 246 | 8.1 | | | | | | | 247 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 2.8.2 248 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.8 | 249 | | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 250 | FreeBSD FreeBSD | | | 5.1 | | 251 | 8.2 7.4 | | | | | DragonFly 2.10.1 252 | | | | | | OpenBSD 4.9 | 253 | `-----. Mac OS X | | | | | 254 | \ 10.7 | | | | | 255 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.0 | 256 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 257 | 9.0 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.0.1 258 | | FreeBSD | | | 5.1.2 | | 259 | | 8.3 | | | | | | 260 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 261 | | | | | | 5.1.3 | | 262 | | | | | | | | | 263 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 264 | | | | | | 5.1.4 | | 265 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.1 | 266 | | | Mac OS X | `--------. | | 267 | | | 10.8 | | | | 268 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 269 | | | | | 6.0 | | | 270 | | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.2 DragonFly 3.2.1 271 | FreeBSD | | | | | NetBSD | | 272 | 9.1 | | | | | 5.2 | | 273 | | | | | | | | | | 274 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 275 | | | | | | | 5.2.1 | | 276 | | | | | | | | | | 277 | | | | | | | NetBSD | | 278 | | | | | | | 5.2.2 | | 279 | | | | | | | | | 280 | | | | | | \ | | 281 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 282 | | | | | | 6.0.1 | | 283 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.3 DragonFly 3.4.1 284 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 285 | | | | | | 6.0.2 | | 286 | | | | | | | | | 287 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 288 | | | | | | 6.0.3 | | 289 | | | | | | | | | 290 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 291 | | | | | | 6.0.4 | | 292 | | | | | | | | | 293 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 294 | | | | | | 6.0.5 | | 295 | | | | | | | | | 296 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 297 | | | | | | 6.0.6 | | 298 | | | | | | | | 299 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 300 | | | | | 6.1 | | 301 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 302 | | 8.4 | | NetBSD | | 303 | | | | 6.1.1 | | 304 | | | | | | | 305 | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | 306 | 9.2 | | 6.1.2 | | 307 | | Mac OS X | | | | 308 | | 10.9 | | OpenBSD 5.4 | 309 | `-----. | | | | DragonFly 3.6.0 310 | \ | | | | | 311 *--FreeBSD | | | NetBSD | | 312 | 10.0 | | | 6.1.3 | | 313 | | | | | | | | 314 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.1 315 | | | | | | | | 316 | | | | | | | | 317 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.2 318 | | | | | NetBSD | | 319 | | | | | 6.1.4 | | 320 | | | | | | | | 321 | | | | | | OpenBSD 5.5 | 322 | | | | | | | | 323 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.0 324 | | | | | | | | 325 | | | | | | | | 326 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.8.1 327 | | | | | | | | 328 | | | | | | | | 329 | | | | | | | DragonFly 3.6.3 330 | | | | | | | | 331 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 332 | | 9.3 | | | | | 333 | | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 3.8.2 334 | | | | 6.1.5 | | 335 | | Mac OS X | | | 336 | | 10.10 | | | 337 | | | | OpenBSD 5.6 | 338 | FreeBSD | | | | 339 | 10.1 | | | DragonFly 4.0.1 340 | | | | | | 341 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.2 342 | | | | | | 343 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.3 344 | | | | | | 345 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.4 346 | | | | | | 347 | | | | | DragonFly 4.0.5 348 | | | | | | 349 | | | | OpenBSD 5.7 | 350 | | | | | DragonFly 4.2.0 351 | FreeBSD | | | | 352 | 10.2 | | | | 353 | | macOS *--NetBSD 7.0 | | 354 | | 10.11 | | | OpenBSD 5.8 | 355 | | | | | `--. | DragonFly 4.4.1 356 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 5.9 | 357 | 10.3 | | | | | | 358 | | | | | NetBSD | | 359 | | | | | 7.0.1 | | 360 | `------. | | | | | DragonFly 4.6.0 361 | | | | | | | | 362 | | | | | | | | 363 *--FreeBSD | macOS | | | OpenBSD 6.0 | 364 | 11.0 | 10.12 | | NetBSD | | 365 | | | | | | 7.0.2 | | 366 | | | | | | | | 367 | | | | | *--NetBSD | | 368 | | | | | | 7.1 | | 369 | | | | | | | | | 370 | | | | | | | | | 371 | | | macOS | | | | DragonFly 4.8.0 372 | | | 10.13 | | | OpenBSD 6.1 | 373 | FreeBSD | | | | | | DragonFly 5.0.0 374 | 11.1 FreeBSD | | | | | | 375 | | 10.4 | | | | OpenBSD 6.2 DragonFly 5.0.1 376 | | | | | | | | 377 | `------. | | | NetBSD | DragonFly 5.0.2 378 | | | | | 7.1.1 | | 379 | | | | | | | | 380 | | | | | NetBSD | | 381 | | | | | 7.1.2 `--. | 382 | | | | | | | 383 | | | | `-----. OpenBSD 6.3 | 384 | | | *--NetBSD | | DragonFly 5.2.0 385 | | | | 8.0 | | | 386 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.1 387 | | | | | | | | 388 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.2.2 389 | FreeBSD | | | *--NetBSD | | 390 | 11.2 | | | 7.2 | | 391 | | macOS | | | | 392 | | 10.14 | | OpenBSD 6.4 | 393 | | | | | | | 394 | | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.0 395 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | 396 | 12.0 | | | | | DragonFly 5.4.1 397 | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.5 | 398 | | | | | | | | 399 | | | | | NetBSD | | 400 | | | | | 8.1 | DragonFly 5.6 401 | | | | | | | | 402 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.1 403 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | | 404 | | 11.3 10.15 | | | | 405 | FreeBSD | | | | OpenBSD 6.6 | 406 | 12.1 | macOS | `-------. | | 407 | | | 10.15.1 | | | DragonFly 5.6.2 408 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 409 | | | | | 9.0 | | | 410 | | | | | | | | | 411 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8 412 | | | | | | | | | 413 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.6.3 414 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 415 | | | | | | 8.2 | | 416 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.1 417 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 6.7 | 418 | | FreeBSD | | | | | | 419 | | 11.4 | | | | | | 420 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.2 421 | | | | | | | DragonFly 5.8.3 422 | | | | NetBSD | OpenBSD 6.8 | 423 | FreeBSD macOS | 9.1 | | | 424 | 12.2 11 | | | | | 425 | | | | | | | | 426 | `------. | | | | | | 427 | | | | | | | | 428 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 429 | 13.0 | | | NetBSD | OpenBSD 6.9 DragonFly 6.0.0 430 | | | | | 9.2 | | | 431 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.0.1 432 | | | | | | | | | 433 | | FreeBSD macOS | | | OpenBSD 7.0 | 434 | | 12.3 12 | | | | | 435 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.1 436 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.1 | 437 | FreeBSD | | | | | | | 438 | 13.1 | | | | | | | 439 | | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.2.2 440 | | | | | NetBSD | | | 441 | | | macOS | 9.3 | OpenBSD 7.2 | 442 | | | 13 | | | | | 443 | | FreeBSD | | | | | | 444 | | 12.4 | | | | | | 445 | | | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.0 446 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.3 | 447 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 448 | 13.2 | | | | | | 449 | | | | | | | | 450 | `------. | | | | | | 451 | | macOS | | | | | 452 | | 14 | | | | | 453 | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.4 | 454 *--FreeBSD | | | | | | | 455 | 14.0 | | | | | | | 456 | | | | | | | | | 457 | | FreeBSD | | NetBSD | | | 458 | | 13.3 | | 9.4 | | | 459 | | | | | | | | 460 | | | | *--NetBSD | | | 461 | | | | | 10.0 | | | 462 | | | | | | | | | 463 | | | | | | | OpenBSD 7.5 | 464 | | | | | | NetBSD | | 465 | | | | | | 8.3 | | 466 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 467 | 14.1 | | | | | | 468 | | | macOS | | | | 469 | | | 15 | | | | 470 | | FreeBSD | | | | | 471 | | 13.4 | | | OpenBSD 7.6 | 472 | FreeBSD | | | | | | 473 | 14.2 | | | | | | 474 | | | | | NetBSD | | 475 | | | | | 10.1 | | 476 | | FreeBSD | | | | 477 | | 13.5 | | | | 478 | | | | OpenBSD 7.7 | 479 | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.1 480 | | | | | DragonFly 6.4.2 481 | FreeBSD | | | | 482 | 14.3 | | | | 483 | | macOS | | | 484 | `------. 26 | | | 485 | | | | OpenBSD 7.8 | 486 *--FreeBSD | | | | | 487 | 15.0 | | | | | 488 | FreeBSD | | | | 489 | 14.4 | | | | 490 | | | | | 491FreeBSD 16 -current | NetBSD -current OpenBSD -current DragonFly -current 492 | | | | | 493 v v v v v 494 495Time 496---------------- 497 498Time tolerance +/- 6 months, depending on which book/article you read; if it was 499the announcement in Usenet or if it was available as tape. 500 501[44B] McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 502 Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System. 503[APL] Apple website [https://www.apple.com/macosx/] 504[BSDI] Berkeley Software Design, Inc. 505[DFB] DragonFlyBSD Project, The. 506[DOC] README, COPYRIGHT on tape. 507[FBD] FreeBSD Project, The. 508[KB] Keith Bostic. BSD2.10 available from Usenix. comp.unix.sources, Volume 11, 509 Info 4, April, 1987. 510[KKK] Mike Karels, Kirk McKusick, and Keith Bostic. tahoe announcement. 511 comp.bugs.4bsd.ucb-fixes, June 15, 1988. 512[KSJ] Michael J. Karels, Carl F. Smith, and William F. Jolitz. Changes in the 513 Kernel in 2.9BSD. Second Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX Version 2.9, 514 July, 1983. 515[NBD] NetBSD Project, The. 516[OBD] OpenBSD Project, The. 517[QCU] Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. ISBN 0201547775, EAN 518 9780201547771 519[SMS] Steven M. Schultz. 2.11BSD, UNIX for the PDP-11. 520[TUHS] The Unix Historical Society. https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/ 521[USE] Usenet announcement. 522[WRS] Wind River Systems, Inc. 523[dmr] Dennis Ritchie, via E-Mail 524 525Multics 1965 526UNIX Summer 1969 527 DEC PDP-7 528First Edition 1971-11-03 [QCU] 529 DEC PDP-11/20, Assembler 530Second Edition 1972-06-12 [QCU] 531 10 UNIX installations 532Third Edition 1973-02-xx [QCU] 533 Pipes, 16 installations 534Fourth Edition 1973-11-xx [QCU] 535 rewriting in C effected, 536 above 30 installations 537Fifth Edition 1974-06-xx [QCU] 538 above 50 installations 539Sixth Edition 1975-05-xx [QCU] 540 port to DEC Vax 541Seventh Edition 1979-01-xx [QCU] 1979-01-10 [TUHS] 542 first portable UNIX 543Eighth Edition 1985-02-xx [QCU] 544 VAX 11/750, VAX 11/780 [dmr] 545 descended from 4.1c BSD [dmr] 546 descended from 4.1 BSD [44B] 547 scooping-out and replacement of the character-device 548 and networking part by the streams mechanism 549 550Ninth Edition 1986-09-xx [QCU] 551Tenth Edition 1989-10-xx [QCU] 552 5531BSD late 1977 554 1978-01-16 [DOC] 555 1978-03-09 [QCU] 556 PDP-11, Pascal, ex(1) 557 30 free copies of 1BSD sent out 558 35 tapes sold for 50 USD [QCU] 5592BSD mid 1978 [QCU] 1979-05-10 [TUHS] 560 75 2BSD tapes shipped 5612.79BSD 1980-04-xx [TUHS] 5622.8BSD 1981-07-xx [KSJ] 563 First 2BSD with bootable V7 kernel plus 564 community fixes. 5652.8.1BSD 1982-01-xx [QCU] 566 set of performance improvements 5672.9BSD 1983-07-xx [KSJ] 5682.9.1BSD 1983-11-xx [TUHS] 5692.9BSD-Seismo 1985-08-xx [SMS] 5702.10BSD 1987-04-xx [KKK] 5712.10.1BSD 1989-01-xx [SMS] 5722.11BSD 1991-03-14 [SMS] 5732.11BSD rev #430 1999-12-13 [SMS] 574 57532V 1978-1[01]-xx [QCU] 1979-03-26 [TUHS] 5763BSD late 1979 [QCU] March 1980 [TUHS] 577 virtual memory, page replacement, 578 demand paging 5794.0BSD 1980-10-xx 5804.1BSD 1981-07-08 [DOC] 5814.1aBSD 1982-04-xx 582 alpha release, 100 sites, networking [44B] 5834.1bBSD internal release, fast filesystem [44B] 5844.1cBSD late 1982 585 beta release, IPC [44B] 5864.2BSD 1983-09-xx [QCU] 587 1983-08-03 [DOC] 5884.3BSD 1986-06-xx [QCU] 589 1986-04-05 [KB], [DOC] 5904.3BSD Tahoe 1988-06-15 [QCU], [DOC] 5914.3BSD NET/1 1988-11-xx [QCU] 592 1989-01-01 [DOC] 5934.3BSD Reno 1990-06-29 [QCU], [DOC] 5944.3BSD NET/2 1991-06-28 [QCU], [DOC] 595 596BSD/386 ALPHA 1991-12-xx [BSDI] 597 first code released to people outside BSDI 598386BSD 0.0 1992-02-xx [DOC] 599BSD/386 0.3.1 1992-04-xx [BSDI] first ext. beta; B customers 600BSD/386 0.3.3 1992-06-xx [BSDI] first CDROM version 601386BSD 0.1 1992-07-28 [DOC] 6024.4BSD Alpha 1992-07-07 603BSD/386 0.9.3 1992-10-xx [BSDI] 604 first external gamma; G customers 605BSD/386 0.9.4 1992-12-xx [BSDI] 606 would have been 1.0 except for request 607 for preliminary injunction 608BSD/386 1.0 1993-03-xx [BSDI] 609 injunction denied; first official release 610NetBSD 0.8 1993-04-20 [NBD] 6114.4BSD 1993-06-01 [USE] 612NetBSD 0.9 1993-08-23 [NBD] 613FreeBSD 1.0 1993-11-01 [FBD] 614FreeBSD 1.0.2 1993-11-14 [FBD] 615 supersedes 1.0 13 days after release. 616BSD/386 1.1 1994-02-xx [BSDI] 6174.4BSD Lite 1994-03-01 [USE] 618FreeBSD 1.1 1994-05-07 [FBD] 619FreeBSD 1.1.5 1994-06-30 [FBD] 620FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 1994-07-05 [FBD] 621 supersedes 1.1.5 5 days after release. 622NetBSD 1.0 1994-10-26 [NBD] 623386BSD 1.0 1994-11-12 [USE] 624FreeBSD 2.0 1994-11-23 [FBD] 625BSD/OS 2.0 1995-01-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite based 626FreeBSD 2.0.5 1995-06-10 [FBD] 627BSD/OS 2.0.1 1995-06-xx [BSDI] 6284.4BSD Lite Release 2 1995-06-xx [44B] 629 the true final distribution from the CSRG 630FreeBSD 2.1.0 1995-11-19 [FBD] 631NetBSD 1.1 1995-11-26 [NBD] 632BSD/OS 2.1 1996-01-xx [BSDI] 633FreeBSD 2.1.5 1996-07-14 [FBD] 634NetBSD 1.2 1996-10-04 [NBD] 635OpenBSD 2.0 1996-10-18 [OBD] 636FreeBSD 2.1.6 1996-11-16 [FBD] 637FreeBSD 2.1.6.1 1996-11-25 [FBD] (sendmail security release) 638Rhapsody 1997-xx-xx 639FreeBSD 2.1.7 1997-02-20 [FBD] 640BSD/OS 3.0 1997-02-xx [BSDI] 4.4 lite2 based 641FreeBSD 2.2.0 1997-03-16 [FBD] 642FreeBSD 2.2.1 1997-03-25 [FBD] 643FreeBSD 2.2.2 1997-05-16 [FBD] 644NetBSD 1.2.1 1997-05-20 [NBD] (patch release) 645OpenBSD 2.1 1997-06-01 [OBD] 646FreeBSD 2.2.5 1997-10-22 [FBD] 647OpenBSD 2.2 1997-12-01 [OBD] 648NetBSD 1.3 1998-01-04 [NBD] 649FreeBSD 2.2.6 1998-03-25 [FBD] 650NetBSD 1.3.1 1998-03-09 [NBD] (patch release) 651BSD/OS 3.1 1998-03-xx [BSDI] 652OpenBSD 2.3 1998-05-19 [OBD] 653NetBSD 1.3.2 1998-05-29 [NBD] (patch release) 654FreeBSD 2.2.7 1998-07-22 [FBD] 655BSD/OS 4.0 1998-08-xx [BSDI] 656 2-lock MP support, ELF executables 657FreeBSD 3.0 1998-10-16 [FBD] 658 FreeBSD-3.0 is a snapshot from -current, 659 while 3.1 and 3.2 are from 3.x-stable which 660 was branched quite some time after 3.0-release 661FreeBSD 2.2.8 1998-11-29 [FBD] 662OpenBSD 2.4 1998-12-01 [OBD] 663NetBSD 1.3.3 1998-12-23 [NBD] (patch release) 664FreeBSD 3.1 1999-02-15 [FBD] 665BSD/OS 4.0.1 1999-03-xx [BSDI] 666NetBSD 1.4 1999-05-12 [NBD] 667FreeBSD 3.2 1999-05-17 [FBD] 668OpenBSD 2.5 1999-05-19 [OBD] 669NetBSD 1.4.1 1999-08-26 [NBD] (patch release) 670FreeBSD 3.3 1999-09-17 [FBD] 671OpenBSD 2.6 1999-12-01 [OBD] 672FreeBSD 3.4 1999-12-20 [FBD] 673BSD/OS 4.1 1999-12-xx [BSDI] 674FreeBSD 4.0 2000-03-13 [FBD] 675NetBSD 1.4.2 2000-03-19 [NBD] (patch release) 676OpenBSD 2.7 2000-06-15 [OBD] 677FreeBSD 3.5 2000-06-24 [FBD] 678FreeBSD 4.1 2000-07-27 [FBD] 679FreeBSD 3.5.1 2000-07-28 [FBD] 680FreeBSD 4.1.1 2000-09-25 [FBD] (a network-only patch release) 681FreeBSD 4.2 2000-11-21 [FBD] 682NetBSD 1.4.3 2000-11-25 [NBD] (patch release) 683BSD/OS 4.2 2000-11-29 [BSDI] 684OpenBSD 2.8 2000-12-01 [OBD] 685NetBSD 1.5 2000-12-06 [NBD] 686Mac OS X 10.0 2001-03-24 [APL] 687FreeBSD 4.3 2001-04-20 [FBD] 688OpenBSD 2.9 2001-06-01 [OBD] 689NetBSD 1.5.1 2001-07-11 [NBD] (patch release) 690NetBSD 1.5.2 2001-09-13 [NBD] (patch release) 691FreeBSD 4.4 2001-09-18 [FBD] 692Mac OS X 10.1 2001-09-29 [APL] 693OpenBSD 3.0 2001-12-01 [OBD] 694FreeBSD 4.5 2002-01-29 [FBD] 695BSD/OS 4.3 2002-03-14 [WRS] 696OpenBSD 3.1 2002-05-19 [OBD] 697FreeBSD 4.6 2002-06-15 [FBD] 698NetBSD 1.5.3 2002-07-22 [NBD] (patch release) 699FreeBSD 4.6.2 2002-08-15 [FBD] (patch release) 700Mac OS X 10.2 2002-08-23 [APL] 701NetBSD 1.6 2002-09-14 [NBD] 702FreeBSD 4.7 2002-10-08 [FBD] 703OpenBSD 3.2 2002-11-01 [OBD] 704FreeBSD 5.0 2003-01-17 [FBD] 705 FreeBSD 5.0 is a separate branch off of 706 -current, similar to 3.0. 707FreeBSD 4.8 2003-04-03 [FBD] 708NetBSD 1.6.1 2003-04-21 [NBD] (patch release) 709OpenBSD 3.3 2003-05-01 [OBD] 710BSD/OS 5.0 2003-05-?? [WRS] 711FreeBSD 5.1 2003-06-09 [FBD] 712Mac OS X 10.3 2003-10-24 [APL] 713FreeBSD 4.9 2003-10-28 [FBD] 714BSD/OS 5.1 ISE 2003-10-?? [WRS] (final version) 715OpenBSD 3.4 2003-11-01 [OBD] 716FreeBSD 5.2 2004-01-12 [FBD] 717FreeBSD 5.2.1 2004-02-22 [FBD] (patch release) 718NetBSD 1.6.2 2004-03-01 [NBD] (patch release) 719OpenBSD 3.5 2004-04-01 [OBD] 720FreeBSD 4.10 2004-05-27 [FBD] 721DragonFly 1.0 2004-07-12 [DFB] 722OpenBSD 3.6 2004-10-29 [OBD] 723FreeBSD 5.3 2004-11-06 [FBD] 724NetBSD 2.0 2004-12-09 [NBD] 725FreeBSD 4.11 2005-01-25 [FBD] 726DragonFly 1.2.0 2005-04-08 [DFB] 727NetBSD 2.0.2 2005-04-14 [NBD] (security/critical release) 728Mac OS X 10.4 2005-04-29 [APL] 729FreeBSD 5.4 2005-05-09 [FBD] 730OpenBSD 3.7 2005-05-19 [OBD] 731NetBSD 2.0.3 2005-10-31 [NBD] (security/critical release) 732OpenBSD 3.8 2005-11-01 [OBD] 733FreeBSD 6.0 2005-11-01 [FBD] 734NetBSD 2.1 2005-11-02 [NBD] 735NetBSD 3.0 2005-12-23 [NBD] 736DragonFly 1.4.0 2006-01-08 [DFB] 737FreeBSD 2.2.9 2006-04-01 [FBD] 738OpenBSD 3.9 2006-05-01 [OBD] 739FreeBSD 6.1 2006-05-08 [FBD] 740FreeBSD 5.5 2006-05-25 [FBD] 741NetBSD 3.0.1 2006-07-24 [NBD] (security/critical release) 742DragonFly 1.6.0 2006-07-24 [DFB] 743OpenBSD 4.0 2006-11-01 [OBD] 744NetBSD 3.0.2 2006-11-04 [NBD] (security/critical release) 745NetBSD 3.1 2006-11-04 [NBD] 746FreeBSD 6.2 2007-01-15 [FBD] 747DragonFly 1.8.0 2007-01-30 [DFB] 748OpenBSD 4.1 2007-05-01 [OBD] 749DragonFly 1.10.0 2007-08-06 [DFB] 750Mac OS X 10.5 2007-10-26 [APL] 751OpenBSD 4.2 2007-11-01 [OBD] 752NetBSD 4.0 2007-12-19 [NBD] 753FreeBSD 6.3 2008-01-18 [FBD] 754DragonFly 1.12.0 2008-02-26 [DFB] 755FreeBSD 7.0 2008-02-27 [FBD] 756OpenBSD 4.3 2008-05-01 [OBD] 757DragonFly 2.0.0 2008-07-21 [DFB] 758OpenBSD 4.4 2008-11-01 [OBD] 759FreeBSD 6.4 2008-11-28 [FBD] 760FreeBSD 7.1 2009-01-04 [FBD] 761DragonFly 2.2.0 2009-02-17 [DFB] 762NetBSD 5.0 2009-04-29 [NBD] 763OpenBSD 4.5 2009-05-01 [OBD] 764FreeBSD 7.2 2009-05-04 [FBD] 765Mac OS X 10.6 2009-06-08 [APL] 766NetBSD 5.0.1 2009-08-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 767DragonFly 2.4.0 2009-09-16 [DFB] 768OpenBSD 4.6 2009-10-18 [OBD] 769FreeBSD 8.0 2009-11-26 [FBD] 770NetBSD 5.0.2 2010-02-12 [NBD] (security/critical release) 771FreeBSD 7.3 2010-03-23 [FBD] 772DragonFly 2.6.0 2010-03-28 [DFB] 773OpenBSD 4.7 2010-05-19 [OBD] 774FreeBSD 8.1 2010-07-24 [FBD] 775DragonFly 2.8.2 2010-10-30 [DFB] 776OpenBSD 4.8 2010-11-01 [OBD] 777NetBSD 5.1 2010-11-19 [NBD] 778FreeBSD 7.4 2011-02-24 [FBD] 779FreeBSD 8.2 2011-02-24 [FBD] 780DragonFly 2.10.1 2011-04-26 [DFB] 781OpenBSD 4.9 2011-05-01 [OBD] 782Mac OS X 10.7 2011-07-20 [APL] 783OpenBSD 5.0 2011-11-01 [OBD] 784FreeBSD 9.0 2012-01-12 [FBD] 785NetBSD 5.1.2 2012-02-02 [NBD] (security/critical release) 786DragonFly 3.0.1 2012-02-21 [DFB] 787FreeBSD 8.3 2012-04-18 [FBD] 788OpenBSD 5.1 2012-05-01 [OBD] 789Mac OS X 10.8 2012-07-25 [APL] 790NetBSD 6.0 2012-10-17 [NBD] 791OpenBSD 5.2 2012-11-01 [OBD] 792DragonFly 3.2.1 2012-11-02 [DFB] 793NetBSD 5.2 2012-12-03 [NBD] 794NetBSD 6.0.1 2012-12-26 [NBD] (security/critical release) 795FreeBSD 9.1 2012-12-30 [FBD] 796DragonFly 3.4.1 2013-04-29 [DFB] 797OpenBSD 5.3 2013-05-01 [OBD] 798NetBSD 6.0.2 2013-05-18 [NBD] (security/critical release) 799NetBSD 6.1 2013-05-18 [NBD] 800FreeBSD 8.4 2013-06-07 [FBD] 801NetBSD 6.1.1 2013-08-22 [NBD] 802NetBSD 5.1.3 2013-09-29 [NBD] 803NetBSD 5.2.1 2013-09-29 [NBD] 804FreeBSD 9.2 2013-09-30 [FBD] 805NetBSD 6.0.3 2013-09-30 [NBD] 806NetBSD 6.1.2 2013-09-30 [NBD] 807Mac OS X 10.9 2013-10-22 [APL] 808OpenBSD 5.4 2013-11-01 [OBD] 809DragonFly 3.6.0 2013-11-25 [DFB] 810FreeBSD 10.0 2014-01-20 [FBD] 811NetBSD 5.1.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 812NetBSD 5.2.2 2014-01-25 [NBD] 813NetBSD 6.0.4 2014-01-25 [NBD] 814NetBSD 6.1.3 2014-01-25 [NBD] 815DragonFly 3.6.1 2014-02-22 [DFB] 816DragonFly 3.6.2 2014-04-10 [DFB] 817NetBSD 6.0.5 2014-04-12 [NBD] 818NetBSD 6.1.4 2014-04-12 [NBD] 819OpenBSD 5.5 2014-05-01 [OBD] 820DragonFly 3.8.0 2014-06-04 [DFB] 821DragonFly 3.8.1 2014-06-16 [DFB] 822DragonFly 3.6.3 2014-06-17 [DFB] 823FreeBSD 9.3 2014-07-05 [FBD] 824DragonFly 3.8.2 2014-08-08 [DFB] 825NetBSD 6.0.6 2014-09-22 [NBD] 826NetBSD 6.1.5 2014-09-22 [NBD] 827Mac OS X 10.10 2014-10-16 [APL] 828OpenBSD 5.6 2014-11-01 [OBD] 829FreeBSD 10.1 2014-11-14 [FBD] 830DragonFly 4.0.1 2014-11-25 [DFB] 831DragonFly 4.0.2 2015-01-07 [DFB] 832DragonFly 4.0.3 2015-01-21 [DFB] 833DragonFly 4.0.4 2015-03-09 [DFB] 834DragonFly 4.0.5 2015-03-23 [DFB] 835OpenBSD 5.7 2015-05-01 [OBD] 836DragonFly 4.2.0 2015-06-29 [DFB] 837FreeBSD 10.2 2015-08-13 [FBD] 838NetBSD 7.0 2015-09-25 [NBD] 839OS X 10.11 2015-09-30 [APL] 840OpenBSD 5.8 2015-10-18 [OBD] 841DragonFly 4.4.1 2015-12-07 [DFB] 842OpenBSD 5.9 2016-03-29 [OBD] 843FreeBSD 10.3 2016-04-04 [FBD] 844NetBSD 7.0.1 2016-05-22 [NBD] 845DragonFly 4.6.0 2016-08-02 [DFB] 846OpenBSD 6.0 2016-09-01 [OBD] 847macOS 10.12 2016-09-20 [APL] 848FreeBSD 11.0 2016-10-10 [FBD] 849NetBSD 7.0.2 2016-10-21 [NBD] 850NetBSD 7.1 2017-03-11 [NBD] 851DragonFly 4.8.0 2017-03-27 [DFB] 852OpenBSD 6.1 2017-04-11 [OBD] 853FreeBSD 11.1 2017-07-26 [FBD] 854macOS 10.13 2017-09-25 [APL] 855FreeBSD 10.4 2017-10-03 [FBD] 856OpenBSD 6.2 2017-10-09 [OBD] 857DragonFly 5.0.0 2017-10-16 [DFB] 858DragonFly 5.0.1 2017-11-06 [DFB] 859DragonFly 5.0.2 2017-12-04 [DFB] 860NetBSD 7.1.1 2017-12-22 [NBD] 861NetBSD 7.1.2 2018-03-15 [NBD] 862OpenBSD 6.3 2018-04-02 [OBD] 863DragonFly 5.2.0 2018-04-10 [DFB] 864DragonFly 5.2.1 2018-05-20 [DFB] 865DragonFly 5.2.2 2018-06-18 [DFB] 866FreeBSD 11.2 2018-06-27 [FBD] 867NetBSD 8.0 2018-07-17 [NBD] 868NetBSD 7.2 2018-08-29 [NBD] 869macOS 10.14 2018-09-24 [APL] 870OpenBSD 6.4 2018-10-18 [OBD] 871DragonFly 5.4.0 2018-12-03 [DFB] 872FreeBSD 12.0 2018-12-11 [FBD] 873DragonFly 5.4.1 2018-12-24 [DFB] 874OpenBSD 6.5 2019-05-01 [OBD] 875NetBSD 8.1 2019-06-04 [NBD] 876DragonFly 5.6 2019-06-17 [DFB] 877DragonFly 5.6.1 2019-06-19 [DFB] 878FreeBSD 11.3 2019-07-09 [FBD] 879DragonFly 5.6.2 2019-08-11 [DFB] 880OpenBSD 6.6 2019-10-17 [OBD] 881macOS 10.15 2019-10-07 [APL] 882macOS 10.15.1 2019-10-29 [APL] (security/critical release) 883FreeBSD 12.1 2019-11-04 [FBD] 884NetBSD 9.0 2020-02-14 [NBD] 885DragonFly 5.8 2020-03-03 [DFB] 886DragonFly 5.6.3 2020-03-11 [DFB] 887NetBSD 8.2 2020-03-31 [NBD] 888DragonFly 5.8.1 2020-05-06 [DFB] 889OpenBSD 6.7 2020-05-19 [OBD] 890FreeBSD 11.4 2020-06-16 [FBD] 891DragonFly 5.8.2 2020-09-23 [DFB] 892DragonFly 5.8.3 2020-09-24 [DFB] 893OpenBSD 6.8 2020-10-18 [OBD] 894NetBSD 9.1 2020-10-18 [NBD] 895FreeBSD 12.2 2020-10-27 [FBD] 896macOS 11 2020-11-12 [APL] 897FreeBSD 13.0 2021-04-13 [FBD] 898OpenBSD 6.9 2021-05-01 [OBD] 899DragonFly 6.0 2021-05-08 [DFB] 900NetBSD 9.2 2021-05-12 [NBD] 901DragonFly 6.0.1 2021-10-12 [DFB] 902OpenBSD 7.0 2021-10-14 [OBD] 903macOS 12 2021-10-25 [APL] 904FreeBSD 12.3 2021-12-01 [FBD] 905DragonFly 6.2.1 2022-01-09 [DFB] 906OpenBSD 7.1 2022-04-21 [OBD] 907FreeBSD 13.1 2022-05-17 [FBD] 908DragonFly 6.2.2 2022-06-09 [DFB] 909NetBSD 9.3 2022-08-04 [NBD] 910OpenBSD 7.2 2022-10-20 [OBD] 911macOS 13 2022-10-24 [APL] 912FreeBSD 12.4 2022-12-05 [FBD] 913DragonFly 6.4 2022-12-30 [DFB] 914OpenBSD 7.3 2023-04-10 [OBD] 915FreeBSD 13.2 2023-04-11 [FBD] 916macOS 14 2023-09-26 [APL] 917OpenBSD 7.4 2023-10-16 [OBD] 918FreeBSD 14.0 2023-11-20 [FBD] 919FreeBSD 13.3 2024-03-05 [FBD] 920NetBSD 10.0 2024-03-28 [NBD] 921OpenBSD 7.5 2024-04-05 [OBD] 922NetBSD 9.4 2024-04-20 [NBD] 923NetBSD 8.3 2024-05-04 [NBD] 924FreeBSD 14.1 2024-06-04 [FBD] 925macOS 15 2024-09-16 [APL] 926FreeBSD 13.4 2024-09-17 [FBD] 927OpenBSD 7.6 2024-10-08 [OBD] 928FreeBSD 14.2 2024-12-03 [FBD] 929NetBSD 10.1 2024-12-16 [NBD] 930FreeBSD 13.5 2025-03-11 [FBD] 931OpenBSD 7.7 2025-04-28 [OBD] 932DragonFly 6.4.1 2025-04-30 [DFB] 933DragonFly 6.4.2 2025-05-09 [DFB] 934FreeBSD 14.3 2025-06-10 [FBD] 935macOS 26 2025-09-15 [APL] 936OpenBSD 7.8 2025-10-22 [OBD] 937FreeBSD 15.0 2025-12-02 [FBD] 938FreeBSD 14.4 2026-03-10 [FBD] 939 940Bibliography 941------------------------ 942 943Leffler, Samuel J., Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J Karels and John 944Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD UNIX Operating 945System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1989. ISBN 0-201-06196-1 946 947Salus, Peter H. A quarter century of UNIX. Addison-Wesley Publishing 948Company, Inc., 1994. ISBN 0-201-54777-5 949 950McKusick, Marshall Kirk, Keith Bostic, Michael J Karels, and John 951Quarterman. The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating 952System. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1996. ISBN 0-201-54979-4 953 954McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil. The Design and 955Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System. 956Addison-Wesley Professional, Published: Aug 2, 2004. ISBN 0-201-70245-2 957 958McKusick, Marshall Kirk, George Neville-Neil, Robert Watson. The 959Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System, 2nd Edition. 960Pearson Education, Inc., 2014. ISBN 0-321-96897-2 961 962Doug McIlroy. Research Unix Reader. 963 964Michael G. Brown. The Role of BSD in the Development of Unix. 965Presented to the Tasmanian Unix Special Interest Group of the 966Australian Computer Society, Hobart, August 1993. 967 968Peter H. Salus. Unix at 25. Byte Magazine, October 1994. 969URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20081230094857/http://www.byte.com/art/9410/sec8/art3.htm 970 971Andreas Klemm, Lars Köller. If you're going to San Francisco ... 972Die freien BSD-Varianten von Unix. c't April 1997, page 368ff. 973 974FreeBSD Release Information 975URL: https://www.FreeBSD.org/releases/ 976 977Manual pages for FreeBSD and ports 978URL: https://man.FreeBSD.org 979 980FreeBSD Documentation Archive 981URL: https://docs-archive.freebsd.org/doc/ 982 983UNIX history graphing project 984URL: https://minnie.tuhs.org/Unix_History/ 985 986UNIX history 987URL: https://www.levenez.com/unix/ 988 989James Howard: The BSD Family Tree 990URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20090427195917/http://ezine.daemonnews.org/200104/bsd_family.html 991("what are the differences between FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD?") 992 993 994End-of-Life (EOL) 995----------------- 996The FreeBSD family tree shows when a release was published. 997If you would like to know when the support ends, just look at 998https://www.freebsd.org/security/#sup and 999https://www.freebsd.org/security/unsupported 1000For other operating systems, see https://endoflife.date 1001 1002 1003Acknowledgments 1004--------------- 1005 1006Josh Gilliam for suggestions, bug fixes, and finding very old 1007original BSD announcements from Usenet or tapes. 1008 1009Steven M. Schultz for providing 2.8BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD manual pages. 1010 1011-- 1012Copyright (c) 1997-2025 Wolfram Schneider <wosch@FreeBSD.org> 1013URL: https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/share/misc/bsd-family-tree 1014