1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * RCU CPU stall warnings for normal RCU grace periods
4  *
5  * Copyright IBM Corporation, 2019
6  *
7  * Author: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
8  */
9 
10 #include <linux/console.h>
11 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
12 #include <linux/rcu_notifier.h>
13 #include <linux/smp.h>
14 
15 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
16 //
17 // Controlling CPU stall warnings, including delay calculation.
18 
19 /* panic() on RCU Stall sysctl. */
20 int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall __read_mostly;
21 int sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic __read_mostly;
22 
23 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
24 
25 static unsigned int rcu_stall_count;
26 
27 static ssize_t rcu_stall_count_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
28 				    char *page)
29 {
30 	return sysfs_emit(page, "%u\n", rcu_stall_count);
31 }
32 
33 static struct kobj_attribute rcu_stall_count_attr = __ATTR_RO(rcu_stall_count);
34 
35 static __init int kernel_rcu_stall_sysfs_init(void)
36 {
37 	sysfs_add_file_to_group(kernel_kobj, &rcu_stall_count_attr.attr, NULL);
38 	return 0;
39 }
40 
41 late_initcall(kernel_rcu_stall_sysfs_init);
42 
43 #endif // CONFIG_SYSFS
44 
45 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
46 #define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA		(5 * HZ)
47 #else
48 #define RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA		0
49 #endif
50 #define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_DIV		8
51 #define RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN		(2 * HZ)
52 
53 int rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
54 {
55 	int cpu_stall_timeout = READ_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout);
56 	int exp_stall_delay_delta = 0;
57 	int till_stall_check;
58 
59 	// Zero says to use rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, but in milliseconds.
60 	if (!cpu_stall_timeout)
61 		cpu_stall_timeout = jiffies_to_msecs(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check());
62 
63 	// Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits for
64 	// CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT, so check the allowed range.
65 	// The minimum clamped value is "2UL", because at least one full
66 	// tick has to be guaranteed.
67 	till_stall_check = clamp(msecs_to_jiffies(cpu_stall_timeout), 2UL, 300UL * HZ);
68 
69 	if (cpu_stall_timeout && jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check) != cpu_stall_timeout)
70 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout, jiffies_to_msecs(till_stall_check));
71 
72 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_RCU
73 	/* Add extra ~25% out of till_stall_check. */
74 	exp_stall_delay_delta = ((till_stall_check * 25) / 100) + 1;
75 #endif
76 
77 	return till_stall_check + exp_stall_delay_delta;
78 }
79 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_exp_jiffies_till_stall_check);
80 
81 /* Limit-check stall timeouts specified at boottime and runtime. */
82 int rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check(void)
83 {
84 	int till_stall_check = READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout);
85 
86 	/*
87 	 * Limit check must be consistent with the Kconfig limits
88 	 * for CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT.
89 	 */
90 	if (till_stall_check < 3) {
91 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 3);
92 		till_stall_check = 3;
93 	} else if (till_stall_check > 300) {
94 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_timeout, 300);
95 		till_stall_check = 300;
96 	}
97 	return till_stall_check * HZ + RCU_STALL_DELAY_DELTA;
98 }
99 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check);
100 
101 /* Don't do RCU CPU stall warnings during long sysrq printouts. */
102 void rcu_sysrq_start(void)
103 {
104 	if (!rcu_cpu_stall_suppress)
105 		rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 2;
106 }
107 
108 void rcu_sysrq_end(void)
109 {
110 	if (rcu_cpu_stall_suppress == 2)
111 		rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 0;
112 }
113 
114 /* Don't print RCU CPU stall warnings during a kernel panic. */
115 static int rcu_panic(struct notifier_block *this, unsigned long ev, void *ptr)
116 {
117 	rcu_cpu_stall_suppress = 1;
118 	return NOTIFY_DONE;
119 }
120 
121 static struct notifier_block rcu_panic_block = {
122 	.notifier_call = rcu_panic,
123 };
124 
125 static int __init check_cpu_stall_init(void)
126 {
127 	atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &rcu_panic_block);
128 	return 0;
129 }
130 early_initcall(check_cpu_stall_init);
131 
132 /* If so specified via sysctl, panic, yielding cleaner stall-warning output. */
133 static void panic_on_rcu_stall(void)
134 {
135 	static int cpu_stall;
136 
137 	if (++cpu_stall < sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic)
138 		return;
139 
140 	if (sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall)
141 		panic("RCU Stall\n");
142 }
143 
144 /**
145  * rcu_cpu_stall_reset - restart stall-warning timeout for current grace period
146  *
147  * To perform the reset request from the caller, disable stall detection until
148  * 3 fqs loops have passed. This is required to ensure a fresh jiffies is
149  * loaded.  It should be safe to do from the fqs loop as enough timer
150  * interrupts and context switches should have passed.
151  *
152  * The caller must disable hard irqs.
153  */
154 void rcu_cpu_stall_reset(void)
155 {
156 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 3);
157 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, ULONG_MAX);
158 }
159 
160 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
161 //
162 // Interaction with RCU grace periods
163 
164 /* Start of new grace period, so record stall time (and forcing times). */
165 static void record_gp_stall_check_time(void)
166 {
167 	unsigned long j = jiffies;
168 	unsigned long j1;
169 
170 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start, j);
171 	j1 = rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check();
172 	smp_mb(); // ->gp_start before ->jiffies_stall and caller's ->gp_seq.
173 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall, 0);
174 	WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, j + j1);
175 	rcu_state.jiffies_resched = j + j1 / 2;
176 	rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.n_force_qs);
177 }
178 
179 /* Zero ->ticks_this_gp and snapshot the number of RCU softirq handlers. */
180 static void zero_cpu_stall_ticks(struct rcu_data *rdp)
181 {
182 	rdp->ticks_this_gp = 0;
183 	rdp->softirq_snap = kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, smp_processor_id());
184 	WRITE_ONCE(rdp->last_fqs_resched, jiffies);
185 }
186 
187 /*
188  * If too much time has passed in the current grace period, and if
189  * so configured, go kick the relevant kthreads.
190  */
191 static void rcu_stall_kick_kthreads(void)
192 {
193 	unsigned long j;
194 
195 	if (!READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads))
196 		return;
197 	j = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads);
198 	if (time_after(jiffies, j) && rcu_state.gp_kthread &&
199 	    (rcu_gp_in_progress() || READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags))) {
200 		WARN_ONCE(1, "Kicking %s grace-period kthread\n",
201 			  rcu_state.name);
202 		rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
203 		wake_up_process(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
204 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_kick_kthreads, j + HZ);
205 	}
206 }
207 
208 /*
209  * Handler for the irq_work request posted about halfway into the RCU CPU
210  * stall timeout, and used to detect excessive irq disabling.  Set state
211  * appropriately, but just complain if there is unexpected state on entry.
212  */
213 static void rcu_iw_handler(struct irq_work *iwp)
214 {
215 	struct rcu_data *rdp;
216 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
217 
218 	rdp = container_of(iwp, struct rcu_data, rcu_iw);
219 	rnp = rdp->mynode;
220 	raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp);
221 	if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(!rdp->rcu_iw_pending)) {
222 		rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq = rnp->gp_seq;
223 		rdp->rcu_iw_pending = false;
224 	}
225 	raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp);
226 }
227 
228 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
229 //
230 // Printing RCU CPU stall warnings
231 
232 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
233 
234 /*
235  * Dump detailed information for all tasks blocking the current RCU
236  * grace period on the specified rcu_node structure.
237  */
238 static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
239 {
240 	unsigned long flags;
241 	struct task_struct *t;
242 
243 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
244 	if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
245 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
246 		return;
247 	}
248 	t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
249 		       struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
250 	list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
251 		/*
252 		 * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.
253 		 * Avoid triggering hard lockup.
254 		 */
255 		touch_nmi_watchdog();
256 		sched_show_task(t);
257 	}
258 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
259 }
260 
261 // Communicate task state back to the RCU CPU stall warning request.
262 struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr {
263 	int nesting;
264 	union rcu_special rs;
265 	bool on_blkd_list;
266 };
267 
268 /*
269  * Report out the state of a not-running task that is stalling the
270  * current RCU grace period.
271  */
272 static int check_slow_task(struct task_struct *t, void *arg)
273 {
274 	struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr *rscrp = arg;
275 
276 	if (task_curr(t))
277 		return -EBUSY; // It is running, so decline to inspect it.
278 	rscrp->nesting = t->rcu_read_lock_nesting;
279 	rscrp->rs = t->rcu_read_unlock_special;
280 	rscrp->on_blkd_list = !list_empty(&t->rcu_node_entry);
281 	return 0;
282 }
283 
284 /*
285  * Scan the current list of tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical
286  * sections, printing out the tid of each of the first few of them.
287  */
288 static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
289 	__releases(rnp->lock)
290 {
291 	int i = 0;
292 	int ndetected = 0;
293 	struct rcu_stall_chk_rdr rscr;
294 	struct task_struct *t;
295 	struct task_struct *ts[8];
296 
297 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
298 	if (!rcu_preempt_blocked_readers_cgp(rnp)) {
299 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
300 		return 0;
301 	}
302 	pr_err("\tTasks blocked on level-%d rcu_node (CPUs %d-%d):",
303 	       rnp->level, rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi);
304 	t = list_entry(rnp->gp_tasks->prev,
305 		       struct task_struct, rcu_node_entry);
306 	list_for_each_entry_continue(t, &rnp->blkd_tasks, rcu_node_entry) {
307 		get_task_struct(t);
308 		ts[i++] = t;
309 		if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(ts))
310 			break;
311 	}
312 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
313 	while (i) {
314 		t = ts[--i];
315 		if (task_call_func(t, check_slow_task, &rscr))
316 			pr_cont(" P%d", t->pid);
317 		else
318 			pr_cont(" P%d/%d:%c%c%c%c",
319 				t->pid, rscr.nesting,
320 				".b"[rscr.rs.b.blocked],
321 				".q"[rscr.rs.b.need_qs],
322 				".e"[rscr.rs.b.exp_hint],
323 				".l"[rscr.on_blkd_list]);
324 		lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
325 		put_task_struct(t);
326 		ndetected++;
327 	}
328 	pr_cont("\n");
329 	return ndetected;
330 }
331 
332 #else /* #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
333 
334 /*
335  * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
336  * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
337  */
338 static void rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(struct rcu_node *rnp)
339 {
340 }
341 
342 /*
343  * Because preemptible RCU does not exist, we never have to check for
344  * tasks blocked within RCU read-side critical sections.
345  */
346 static int rcu_print_task_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, unsigned long flags)
347 	__releases(rnp->lock)
348 {
349 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
350 	return 0;
351 }
352 #endif /* #else #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU */
353 
354 /*
355  * Dump stacks of all tasks running on stalled CPUs.  First try using
356  * NMIs, but fall back to manual remote stack tracing on architectures
357  * that don't support NMI-based stack dumps.  The NMI-triggered stack
358  * traces are more accurate because they are printed by the target CPU.
359  */
360 static void rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(unsigned long gp_seq)
361 {
362 	int cpu;
363 	unsigned long flags;
364 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
365 
366 	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
367 		printk_deferred_enter();
368 		for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
369 			if (gp_seq != data_race(rcu_state.gp_seq)) {
370 				printk_deferred_exit();
371 				pr_err("INFO: Stall ended during stack backtracing.\n");
372 				return;
373 			}
374 			if (!(data_race(rnp->qsmask) & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)))
375 				continue;
376 			raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
377 			if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
378 				if (cpu_is_offline(cpu))
379 					pr_err("Offline CPU %d blocking current GP.\n", cpu);
380 				else
381 					dump_cpu_task(cpu);
382 			}
383 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
384 		}
385 		printk_deferred_exit();
386 	}
387 }
388 
389 static const char * const gp_state_names[] = {
390 	[RCU_GP_IDLE] = "RCU_GP_IDLE",
391 	[RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_GPS",
392 	[RCU_GP_DONE_GPS] = "RCU_GP_DONE_GPS",
393 	[RCU_GP_ONOFF] = "RCU_GP_ONOFF",
394 	[RCU_GP_INIT] = "RCU_GP_INIT",
395 	[RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS] = "RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS",
396 	[RCU_GP_DOING_FQS] = "RCU_GP_DOING_FQS",
397 	[RCU_GP_CLEANUP] = "RCU_GP_CLEANUP",
398 	[RCU_GP_CLEANED] = "RCU_GP_CLEANED",
399 };
400 
401 /*
402  * Convert a ->gp_state value to a character string.
403  */
404 static const char *gp_state_getname(short gs)
405 {
406 	if (gs < 0 || gs >= ARRAY_SIZE(gp_state_names))
407 		return "???";
408 	return gp_state_names[gs];
409 }
410 
411 /* Is the RCU grace-period kthread being starved of CPU time? */
412 static bool rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(unsigned long *jp)
413 {
414 	unsigned long j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity);
415 
416 	if (jp)
417 		*jp = j;
418 	return j > 2 * HZ;
419 }
420 
421 static bool rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(struct rcu_data *rdp, unsigned long *jp)
422 {
423 	int cpu;
424 	struct task_struct *rcuc;
425 	unsigned long j;
426 
427 	rcuc = rdp->rcu_cpu_kthread_task;
428 	if (!rcuc)
429 		return false;
430 
431 	cpu = task_cpu(rcuc);
432 	if (cpu_is_offline(cpu) || idle_cpu(cpu))
433 		return false;
434 
435 	j = jiffies - READ_ONCE(rdp->rcuc_activity);
436 
437 	if (jp)
438 		*jp = j;
439 	return j > 2 * HZ;
440 }
441 
442 static void print_cpu_stat_info(int cpu)
443 {
444 	struct rcu_snap_record rsr, *rsrp;
445 	struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
446 	struct kernel_cpustat *kcsp = &kcpustat_cpu(cpu);
447 
448 	if (!rcu_cpu_stall_cputime)
449 		return;
450 
451 	rsrp = &rdp->snap_record;
452 	if (rsrp->gp_seq != rdp->gp_seq)
453 		return;
454 
455 	rsr.cputime_irq     = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_IRQ, cpu);
456 	rsr.cputime_softirq = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SOFTIRQ, cpu);
457 	rsr.cputime_system  = kcpustat_field(kcsp, CPUTIME_SYSTEM, cpu);
458 
459 	pr_err("\t         hardirqs   softirqs   csw/system\n");
460 	pr_err("\t number: %8lld %10d %12lld\n",
461 		kstat_cpu_irqs_sum(cpu) + arch_irq_stat_cpu(cpu) - rsrp->nr_hardirqs,
462 		kstat_cpu_softirqs_sum(cpu) - rsrp->nr_softirqs,
463 		nr_context_switches_cpu(cpu) - rsrp->nr_csw);
464 	pr_err("\tcputime: %8lld %10lld %12lld   ==> %d(ms)\n",
465 		div_u64(rsr.cputime_irq - rsrp->cputime_irq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
466 		div_u64(rsr.cputime_softirq - rsrp->cputime_softirq, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
467 		div_u64(rsr.cputime_system - rsrp->cputime_system, NSEC_PER_MSEC),
468 		jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - rsrp->jiffies));
469 }
470 
471 /*
472  * Print out diagnostic information for the specified stalled CPU.
473  *
474  * If the specified CPU is aware of the current RCU grace period, then
475  * print the number of scheduling clock interrupts the CPU has taken
476  * during the time that it has been aware.  Otherwise, print the number
477  * of RCU grace periods that this CPU is ignorant of, for example, "1"
478  * if the CPU was aware of the previous grace period.
479  *
480  * Also print out idle info.
481  */
482 static void print_cpu_stall_info(int cpu)
483 {
484 	unsigned long delta;
485 	bool falsepositive;
486 	struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
487 	char *ticks_title;
488 	unsigned long ticks_value;
489 	bool rcuc_starved;
490 	unsigned long j;
491 	char buf[32];
492 
493 	/*
494 	 * We could be printing a lot while holding a spinlock.  Avoid
495 	 * triggering hard lockup.
496 	 */
497 	touch_nmi_watchdog();
498 
499 	ticks_value = rcu_seq_ctr(rcu_state.gp_seq - rdp->gp_seq);
500 	if (ticks_value) {
501 		ticks_title = "GPs behind";
502 	} else {
503 		ticks_title = "ticks this GP";
504 		ticks_value = rdp->ticks_this_gp;
505 	}
506 	delta = rcu_seq_ctr(rdp->mynode->gp_seq - rdp->rcu_iw_gp_seq);
507 	falsepositive = rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(NULL) &&
508 			rcu_watching_snap_in_eqs(ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu));
509 	rcuc_starved = rcu_is_rcuc_kthread_starving(rdp, &j);
510 	if (rcuc_starved)
511 		// Print signed value, as negative values indicate a probable bug.
512 		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " rcuc=%ld jiffies(starved)", j);
513 	pr_err("\t%d-%c%c%c%c: (%lu %s) idle=%04x/%ld/%#lx softirq=%u/%u fqs=%ld%s%s\n",
514 	       cpu,
515 	       "O."[!!cpu_online(cpu)],
516 	       "o."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinit)],
517 	       "N."[!!(rdp->grpmask & rdp->mynode->qsmaskinitnext)],
518 	       !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) ? '?' :
519 			rdp->rcu_iw_pending ? (int)min(delta, 9UL) + '0' :
520 				"!."[!delta],
521 	       ticks_value, ticks_title,
522 	       ct_rcu_watching_cpu(cpu) & 0xffff,
523 	       ct_nesting_cpu(cpu), ct_nmi_nesting_cpu(cpu),
524 	       rdp->softirq_snap, kstat_softirqs_cpu(RCU_SOFTIRQ, cpu),
525 	       data_race(rcu_state.n_force_qs) - rcu_state.n_force_qs_gpstart,
526 	       rcuc_starved ? buf : "",
527 	       falsepositive ? " (false positive?)" : "");
528 
529 	print_cpu_stat_info(cpu);
530 }
531 
532 /* Complain about starvation of grace-period kthread.  */
533 static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation(void)
534 {
535 	int cpu;
536 	struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
537 	unsigned long j;
538 
539 	if (rcu_is_gp_kthread_starving(&j)) {
540 		cpu = gpk ? task_cpu(gpk) : -1;
541 		pr_err("%s kthread starved for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x ->cpu=%d\n",
542 		       rcu_state.name, j,
543 		       (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
544 		       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)),
545 		       gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
546 		       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
547 		       gpk ? data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)) : ~0, cpu);
548 		if (gpk) {
549 			struct rcu_data *rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
550 
551 			pr_err("\tUnless %s kthread gets sufficient CPU time, OOM is now expected behavior.\n", rcu_state.name);
552 			pr_err("RCU grace-period kthread stack dump:\n");
553 			sched_show_task(gpk);
554 			if (cpu_is_offline(cpu)) {
555 				pr_err("RCU GP kthread last ran on offline CPU %d.\n", cpu);
556 			} else if (!(data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->mynode->qsmask)) & rdp->grpmask)) {
557 				pr_err("Stack dump where RCU GP kthread last ran:\n");
558 				dump_cpu_task(cpu);
559 			}
560 			wake_up_process(gpk);
561 		}
562 	}
563 }
564 
565 /* Complain about missing wakeups from expired fqs wait timer */
566 static void rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer(void)
567 {
568 	struct task_struct *gpk = rcu_state.gp_kthread;
569 	short gp_state;
570 	unsigned long jiffies_fqs;
571 	int cpu;
572 
573 	/*
574 	 * Order reads of .gp_state and .jiffies_force_qs.
575 	 * Matching smp_wmb() is present in rcu_gp_fqs_loop().
576 	 */
577 	gp_state = smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_state);
578 	jiffies_fqs = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_force_qs);
579 
580 	if (gp_state == RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS &&
581 	    time_after(jiffies, jiffies_fqs + RCU_STALL_MIGHT_MIN) &&
582 	    gpk && !READ_ONCE(gpk->on_rq)) {
583 		cpu = task_cpu(gpk);
584 		pr_err("%s kthread timer wakeup didn't happen for %ld jiffies! g%ld f%#x %s(%d) ->state=%#x\n",
585 		       rcu_state.name, (jiffies - jiffies_fqs),
586 		       (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq),
587 		       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)), // Diagnostic read
588 		       gp_state_getname(RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS), RCU_GP_WAIT_FQS,
589 		       data_race(READ_ONCE(gpk->__state)));
590 		pr_err("\tPossible timer handling issue on cpu=%d timer-softirq=%u\n",
591 		       cpu, kstat_softirqs_cpu(TIMER_SOFTIRQ, cpu));
592 	}
593 }
594 
595 static void print_other_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
596 {
597 	int cpu;
598 	unsigned long flags;
599 	unsigned long gpa;
600 	unsigned long j;
601 	int ndetected = 0;
602 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
603 	long totqlen = 0;
604 
605 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
606 
607 	/* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
608 	rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
609 	if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
610 		return;
611 
612 	nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();
613 
614 	/*
615 	 * OK, time to rat on our buddy...
616 	 * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
617 	 * RCU CPU stall warnings.
618 	 */
619 	trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("StallDetected"));
620 	pr_err("INFO: %s detected stalls on CPUs/tasks:\n", rcu_state.name);
621 	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
622 		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
623 		if (rnp->qsmask != 0) {
624 			for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu)
625 				if (rnp->qsmask & leaf_node_cpu_bit(rnp, cpu)) {
626 					print_cpu_stall_info(cpu);
627 					ndetected++;
628 				}
629 		}
630 		ndetected += rcu_print_task_stall(rnp, flags); // Releases rnp->lock.
631 		lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
632 	}
633 
634 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
635 		totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
636 	pr_err("\t(detected by %d, t=%ld jiffies, g=%ld, q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
637 	       smp_processor_id(), (long)(jiffies - gps),
638 	       (long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
639 	       data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
640 	if (ndetected) {
641 		rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(gp_seq);
642 
643 		/* Complain about tasks blocking the grace period. */
644 		rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp)
645 			rcu_print_detail_task_stall_rnp(rnp);
646 	} else {
647 		if (rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq) != gp_seq) {
648 			pr_err("INFO: Stall ended before state dump start\n");
649 		} else {
650 			j = jiffies;
651 			gpa = data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
652 			pr_err("All QSes seen, last %s kthread activity %ld (%ld-%ld), jiffies_till_next_fqs=%ld, root ->qsmask %#lx\n",
653 			       rcu_state.name, j - gpa, j, gpa,
654 			       data_race(READ_ONCE(jiffies_till_next_fqs)),
655 			       data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->qsmask)));
656 		}
657 	}
658 	/* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
659 	if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
660 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
661 			   jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
662 
663 	rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
664 	rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
665 
666 	nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();
667 
668 	panic_on_rcu_stall();
669 
670 	rcu_force_quiescent_state();  /* Kick them all. */
671 }
672 
673 static void print_cpu_stall(unsigned long gp_seq, unsigned long gps)
674 {
675 	int cpu;
676 	unsigned long flags;
677 	struct rcu_data *rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
678 	struct rcu_node *rnp = rcu_get_root();
679 	long totqlen = 0;
680 
681 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
682 
683 	/* Kick and suppress, if so configured. */
684 	rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
685 	if (rcu_stall_is_suppressed())
686 		return;
687 
688 	nbcon_cpu_emergency_enter();
689 
690 	/*
691 	 * OK, time to rat on ourselves...
692 	 * See Documentation/RCU/stallwarn.rst for info on how to debug
693 	 * RCU CPU stall warnings.
694 	 */
695 	trace_rcu_stall_warning(rcu_state.name, TPS("SelfDetected"));
696 	pr_err("INFO: %s self-detected stall on CPU\n", rcu_state.name);
697 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
698 	print_cpu_stall_info(smp_processor_id());
699 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rdp->mynode, flags);
700 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
701 		totqlen += rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
702 	pr_err("\t(t=%lu jiffies g=%ld q=%lu ncpus=%d)\n",
703 		jiffies - gps,
704 		(long)rcu_seq_current(&rcu_state.gp_seq), totqlen,
705 		data_race(rcu_state.n_online_cpus)); // Diagnostic read
706 
707 	rcu_check_gp_kthread_expired_fqs_timer();
708 	rcu_check_gp_kthread_starvation();
709 
710 	rcu_dump_cpu_stacks(gp_seq);
711 
712 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
713 	/* Rewrite if needed in case of slow consoles. */
714 	if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall)))
715 		WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
716 			   jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3);
717 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
718 
719 	nbcon_cpu_emergency_exit();
720 
721 	panic_on_rcu_stall();
722 
723 	/*
724 	 * Attempt to revive the RCU machinery by forcing a context switch.
725 	 *
726 	 * A context switch would normally allow the RCU state machine to make
727 	 * progress and it could be we're stuck in kernel space without context
728 	 * switches for an entirely unreasonable amount of time.
729 	 */
730 	set_tsk_need_resched(current);
731 	set_preempt_need_resched();
732 }
733 
734 static bool csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall;
735 module_param(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall, bool, 0644);
736 
737 static void check_cpu_stall(struct rcu_data *rdp)
738 {
739 	bool self_detected;
740 	unsigned long gs1;
741 	unsigned long gs2;
742 	unsigned long gps;
743 	unsigned long j;
744 	unsigned long jn;
745 	unsigned long js;
746 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
747 
748 	lockdep_assert_irqs_disabled();
749 	if ((rcu_stall_is_suppressed() && !READ_ONCE(rcu_kick_kthreads)) ||
750 	    !rcu_gp_in_progress())
751 		return;
752 	rcu_stall_kick_kthreads();
753 
754 	/*
755 	 * Check if it was requested (via rcu_cpu_stall_reset()) that the FQS
756 	 * loop has to set jiffies to ensure a non-stale jiffies value. This
757 	 * is required to have good jiffies value after coming out of long
758 	 * breaks of jiffies updates. Not doing so can cause false positives.
759 	 */
760 	if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.nr_fqs_jiffies_stall) > 0)
761 		return;
762 
763 	j = jiffies;
764 
765 	/*
766 	 * Lots of memory barriers to reject false positives.
767 	 *
768 	 * The idea is to pick up rcu_state.gp_seq, then
769 	 * rcu_state.jiffies_stall, then rcu_state.gp_start, and finally
770 	 * another copy of rcu_state.gp_seq.  These values are updated in
771 	 * the opposite order with memory barriers (or equivalent) during
772 	 * grace-period initialization and cleanup.  Now, a false positive
773 	 * can occur if we get an new value of rcu_state.gp_start and a old
774 	 * value of rcu_state.jiffies_stall.  But given the memory barriers,
775 	 * the only way that this can happen is if one grace period ends
776 	 * and another starts between these two fetches.  This is detected
777 	 * by comparing the second fetch of rcu_state.gp_seq with the
778 	 * previous fetch from rcu_state.gp_seq.
779 	 *
780 	 * Given this check, comparisons of jiffies, rcu_state.jiffies_stall,
781 	 * and rcu_state.gp_start suffice to forestall false positives.
782 	 */
783 	gs1 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
784 	smp_rmb(); /* Pick up ->gp_seq first... */
785 	js = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall);
786 	smp_rmb(); /* ...then ->jiffies_stall before the rest... */
787 	gps = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start);
788 	smp_rmb(); /* ...and finally ->gp_start before ->gp_seq again. */
789 	gs2 = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq);
790 	if (gs1 != gs2 ||
791 	    ULONG_CMP_LT(j, js) ||
792 	    ULONG_CMP_GE(gps, js) ||
793 	    !rcu_seq_state(gs2))
794 		return; /* No stall or GP completed since entering function. */
795 	rnp = rdp->mynode;
796 	jn = jiffies + ULONG_MAX / 2;
797 	self_detected = READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask) & rdp->grpmask;
798 	if (rcu_gp_in_progress() &&
799 	    (self_detected || ULONG_CMP_GE(j, js + RCU_STALL_RAT_DELAY)) &&
800 	    cmpxchg(&rcu_state.jiffies_stall, js, jn) == js) {
801 		/*
802 		 * If a virtual machine is stopped by the host it can look to
803 		 * the watchdog like an RCU stall. Check to see if the host
804 		 * stopped the vm.
805 		 */
806 		if (kvm_check_and_clear_guest_paused())
807 			return;
808 
809 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
810 		++rcu_stall_count;
811 #endif
812 
813 		rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM, (void *)j - gps);
814 		if (READ_ONCE(csd_lock_suppress_rcu_stall) && csd_lock_is_stuck()) {
815 			pr_err("INFO: %s detected stall, but suppressed full report due to a stuck CSD-lock.\n", rcu_state.name);
816 		} else if (self_detected) {
817 			/* We haven't checked in, so go dump stack. */
818 			print_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
819 		} else {
820 			/* They had a few time units to dump stack, so complain. */
821 			print_other_cpu_stall(gs2, gps);
822 		}
823 
824 		if (READ_ONCE(rcu_cpu_stall_ftrace_dump))
825 			rcu_ftrace_dump(DUMP_ALL);
826 
827 		if (READ_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall) == jn) {
828 			jn = jiffies + 3 * rcu_jiffies_till_stall_check() + 3;
829 			WRITE_ONCE(rcu_state.jiffies_stall, jn);
830 		}
831 	}
832 }
833 
834 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
835 //
836 // RCU forward-progress mechanisms, including for callback invocation.
837 
838 
839 /*
840  * Check to see if a failure to end RCU priority inversion was due to
841  * a CPU not passing through a quiescent state.  When this happens, there
842  * is nothing that RCU priority boosting can do to help, so we shouldn't
843  * count this as an RCU priority boosting failure.  A return of true says
844  * RCU priority boosting is to blame, and false says otherwise.  If false
845  * is returned, the first of the CPUs to blame is stored through cpup.
846  * If there was no CPU blocking the current grace period, but also nothing
847  * in need of being boosted, *cpup is set to -1.  This can happen in case
848  * of vCPU preemption while the last CPU is reporting its quiscent state,
849  * for example.
850  *
851  * If cpup is NULL, then a lockless quick check is carried out, suitable
852  * for high-rate usage.  On the other hand, if cpup is non-NULL, each
853  * rcu_node structure's ->lock is acquired, ruling out high-rate usage.
854  */
855 bool rcu_check_boost_fail(unsigned long gp_state, int *cpup)
856 {
857 	bool atb = false;
858 	int cpu;
859 	unsigned long flags;
860 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
861 
862 	rcu_for_each_leaf_node(rnp) {
863 		if (!cpup) {
864 			if (data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask))) {
865 				return false;
866 			} else {
867 				if (READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))
868 					atb = true;
869 				continue;
870 			}
871 		}
872 		*cpup = -1;
873 		raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
874 		if (rnp->gp_tasks)
875 			atb = true;
876 		if (!rnp->qsmask) {
877 			// No CPUs without quiescent states for this rnp.
878 			raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
879 			continue;
880 		}
881 		// Find the first holdout CPU.
882 		for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
883 			if (rnp->qsmask & (1UL << (cpu - rnp->grplo))) {
884 				raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
885 				*cpup = cpu;
886 				return false;
887 			}
888 		}
889 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
890 	}
891 	// Can't blame CPUs, so must blame RCU priority boosting.
892 	return atb;
893 }
894 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_check_boost_fail);
895 
896 /*
897  * Show the state of the grace-period kthreads.
898  */
899 void show_rcu_gp_kthreads(void)
900 {
901 	unsigned long cbs = 0;
902 	int cpu;
903 	unsigned long j;
904 	unsigned long ja;
905 	unsigned long jr;
906 	unsigned long js;
907 	unsigned long jw;
908 	struct rcu_data *rdp;
909 	struct rcu_node *rnp;
910 	struct task_struct *t = READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_kthread);
911 
912 	j = jiffies;
913 	ja = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity));
914 	jr = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity));
915 	js = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start));
916 	jw = j - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_time));
917 	pr_info("%s: wait state: %s(%d) ->state: %#x ->rt_priority %u delta ->gp_start %lu ->gp_activity %lu ->gp_req_activity %lu ->gp_wake_time %lu ->gp_wake_seq %ld ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->gp_max %lu ->gp_flags %#x\n",
918 		rcu_state.name, gp_state_getname(rcu_state.gp_state),
919 		data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_state)),
920 		t ? data_race(READ_ONCE(t->__state)) : 0x1ffff, t ? t->rt_priority : 0xffU,
921 		js, ja, jr, jw, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_wake_seq)),
922 		(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq)),
923 		(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_get_root()->gp_seq_needed)),
924 		data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_max)),
925 		data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_flags)));
926 	rcu_for_each_node_breadth_first(rnp) {
927 		if (ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq), READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)) &&
928 		    !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks)) &&
929 		    !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks)) && !data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks)))
930 			continue;
931 		pr_info("\trcu_node %d:%d ->gp_seq %ld ->gp_seq_needed %ld ->qsmask %#lx %c%c%c%c ->n_boosts %ld\n",
932 			rnp->grplo, rnp->grphi,
933 			(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq)),
934 			(long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_seq_needed)),
935 			data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->qsmask)),
936 			".b"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_kthread_task))],
937 			".B"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->boost_tasks))],
938 			".E"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->exp_tasks))],
939 			".G"[!!data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->gp_tasks))],
940 			data_race(READ_ONCE(rnp->n_boosts)));
941 		if (!rcu_is_leaf_node(rnp))
942 			continue;
943 		for_each_leaf_node_possible_cpu(rnp, cpu) {
944 			rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
945 			if (READ_ONCE(rdp->gpwrap) ||
946 			    ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_seq),
947 					 READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)))
948 				continue;
949 			pr_info("\tcpu %d ->gp_seq_needed %ld\n",
950 				cpu, (long)data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->gp_seq_needed)));
951 		}
952 	}
953 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
954 		rdp = per_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data, cpu);
955 		cbs += data_race(READ_ONCE(rdp->n_cbs_invoked));
956 		if (rcu_segcblist_is_offloaded(&rdp->cblist))
957 			show_rcu_nocb_state(rdp);
958 	}
959 	pr_info("RCU callbacks invoked since boot: %lu\n", cbs);
960 	show_rcu_tasks_gp_kthreads();
961 }
962 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(show_rcu_gp_kthreads);
963 
964 /*
965  * This function checks for grace-period requests that fail to motivate
966  * RCU to come out of its idle mode.
967  */
968 static void rcu_check_gp_start_stall(struct rcu_node *rnp, struct rcu_data *rdp,
969 				     const unsigned long gpssdelay)
970 {
971 	unsigned long flags;
972 	unsigned long j;
973 	struct rcu_node *rnp_root = rcu_get_root();
974 	static atomic_t warned = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
975 
976 	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PROVE_RCU) || rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
977 	    ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
978 			 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
979 	    !smp_load_acquire(&rcu_state.gp_kthread)) // Get stable kthread.
980 		return;
981 	j = jiffies; /* Expensive access, and in common case don't get here. */
982 	if (time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
983 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
984 	    atomic_read(&warned))
985 		return;
986 
987 	raw_spin_lock_irqsave_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
988 	j = jiffies;
989 	if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
990 	    ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
991 			 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
992 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
993 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
994 	    atomic_read(&warned)) {
995 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
996 		return;
997 	}
998 	/* Hold onto the leaf lock to make others see warned==1. */
999 
1000 	if (rnp_root != rnp)
1001 		raw_spin_lock_rcu_node(rnp_root); /* irqs already disabled. */
1002 	j = jiffies;
1003 	if (rcu_gp_in_progress() ||
1004 	    ULONG_CMP_GE(READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq),
1005 			 READ_ONCE(rnp_root->gp_seq_needed)) ||
1006 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_req_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
1007 	    time_before(j, READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_activity) + gpssdelay) ||
1008 	    atomic_xchg(&warned, 1)) {
1009 		if (rnp_root != rnp)
1010 			/* irqs remain disabled. */
1011 			raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
1012 		raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
1013 		return;
1014 	}
1015 	WARN_ON(1);
1016 	if (rnp_root != rnp)
1017 		raw_spin_unlock_rcu_node(rnp_root);
1018 	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore_rcu_node(rnp, flags);
1019 	show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1020 }
1021 
1022 /*
1023  * Do a forward-progress check for rcutorture.  This is normally invoked
1024  * due to an OOM event.  The argument "j" gives the time period during
1025  * which rcutorture would like progress to have been made.
1026  */
1027 void rcu_fwd_progress_check(unsigned long j)
1028 {
1029 	unsigned long cbs;
1030 	int cpu;
1031 	unsigned long max_cbs = 0;
1032 	int max_cpu = -1;
1033 	struct rcu_data *rdp;
1034 
1035 	if (rcu_gp_in_progress()) {
1036 		pr_info("%s: GP age %lu jiffies\n",
1037 			__func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_start)));
1038 		show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1039 	} else {
1040 		pr_info("%s: Last GP end %lu jiffies ago\n",
1041 			__func__, jiffies - data_race(READ_ONCE(rcu_state.gp_end)));
1042 		preempt_disable();
1043 		rdp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_data);
1044 		rcu_check_gp_start_stall(rdp->mynode, rdp, j);
1045 		preempt_enable();
1046 	}
1047 	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
1048 		cbs = rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(cpu);
1049 		if (!cbs)
1050 			continue;
1051 		if (max_cpu < 0)
1052 			pr_info("%s: callbacks", __func__);
1053 		pr_cont(" %d: %lu", cpu, cbs);
1054 		if (cbs <= max_cbs)
1055 			continue;
1056 		max_cbs = cbs;
1057 		max_cpu = cpu;
1058 	}
1059 	if (max_cpu >= 0)
1060 		pr_cont("\n");
1061 }
1062 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_fwd_progress_check);
1063 
1064 /* Commandeer a sysrq key to dump RCU's tree. */
1065 static bool sysrq_rcu;
1066 module_param(sysrq_rcu, bool, 0444);
1067 
1068 /* Dump grace-period-request information due to commandeered sysrq. */
1069 static void sysrq_show_rcu(u8 key)
1070 {
1071 	show_rcu_gp_kthreads();
1072 }
1073 
1074 static const struct sysrq_key_op sysrq_rcudump_op = {
1075 	.handler = sysrq_show_rcu,
1076 	.help_msg = "show-rcu(y)",
1077 	.action_msg = "Show RCU tree",
1078 	.enable_mask = SYSRQ_ENABLE_DUMP,
1079 };
1080 
1081 static int __init rcu_sysrq_init(void)
1082 {
1083 	if (sysrq_rcu)
1084 		return register_sysrq_key('y', &sysrq_rcudump_op);
1085 	return 0;
1086 }
1087 early_initcall(rcu_sysrq_init);
1088 
1089 #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER
1090 
1091 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
1092 //
1093 // RCU CPU stall-warning notifiers
1094 
1095 static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list);
1096 
1097 /**
1098  * rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register - Add an RCU CPU stall notifier
1099  * @n: Entry to add.
1100  *
1101  * Adds an RCU CPU stall notifier to an atomic notifier chain.
1102  * The @action passed to a notifier will be @RCU_STALL_NOTIFY_NORM or
1103  * friends.  The @data will be the duration of the stalled grace period,
1104  * in jiffies, coerced to a void* pointer.
1105  *
1106  * Returns 0 on success, %-EEXIST on error.
1107  */
1108 int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register(struct notifier_block *n)
1109 {
1110 	int rcsn = rcu_cpu_stall_notifiers;
1111 
1112 	WARN(1, "Adding %pS() to RCU stall notifier list (%s).\n", n->notifier_call,
1113 	     rcsn ? "possibly suppressing RCU CPU stall warnings" : "failed, so all is well");
1114 	if (rcsn)
1115 		return atomic_notifier_chain_register(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
1116 	return -EEXIST;
1117 }
1118 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_register);
1119 
1120 /**
1121  * rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister - Remove an RCU CPU stall notifier
1122  * @n: Entry to add.
1123  *
1124  * Removes an RCU CPU stall notifier from an atomic notifier chain.
1125  *
1126  * Returns zero on success, %-ENOENT on failure.
1127  */
1128 int rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister(struct notifier_block *n)
1129 {
1130 	return atomic_notifier_chain_unregister(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, n);
1131 }
1132 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_stall_chain_notifier_unregister);
1133 
1134 /*
1135  * rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain - Call functions in an RCU CPU stall notifier chain
1136  * @val: Value passed unmodified to notifier function
1137  * @v: Pointer passed unmodified to notifier function
1138  *
1139  * Calls each function in the RCU CPU stall notifier chain in turn, which
1140  * is an atomic call chain.  See atomic_notifier_call_chain() for more
1141  * information.
1142  *
1143  * This is for use within RCU, hence the omission of the extra asterisk
1144  * to indicate a non-kerneldoc format header comment.
1145  */
1146 int rcu_stall_notifier_call_chain(unsigned long val, void *v)
1147 {
1148 	return atomic_notifier_call_chain(&rcu_cpu_stall_notifier_list, val, v);
1149 }
1150 
1151 #endif // #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_CPU_STALL_NOTIFIER
1152