1.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2
3Super Block
4-----------
5
6The superblock records various information about the enclosing
7filesystem, such as block counts, inode counts, supported features,
8maintenance information, and more.
9
10If the sparse_super feature flag is set, redundant copies of the
11superblock and group descriptors are kept only in the groups whose group
12number is either 0 or a power of 3, 5, or 7. If the flag is not set,
13redundant copies are kept in all groups.
14
15The superblock checksum is calculated against the superblock structure,
16which includes the FS UUID.
17
18The ext4 superblock is laid out as follows in
19``struct ext4_super_block``:
20
21.. list-table::
22   :widths: 8 8 24 40
23   :header-rows: 1
24
25   * - Offset
26     - Size
27     - Name
28     - Description
29   * - 0x0
30     - __le32
31     - s_inodes_count
32     - Total inode count.
33   * - 0x4
34     - __le32
35     - s_blocks_count_lo
36     - Total block count.
37   * - 0x8
38     - __le32
39     - s_r_blocks_count_lo
40     - This number of blocks can only be allocated by the super-user.
41   * - 0xC
42     - __le32
43     - s_free_blocks_count_lo
44     - Free block count.
45   * - 0x10
46     - __le32
47     - s_free_inodes_count
48     - Free inode count.
49   * - 0x14
50     - __le32
51     - s_first_data_block
52     - First data block. This must be at least 1 for 1k-block filesystems and
53       is typically 0 for all other block sizes.
54   * - 0x18
55     - __le32
56     - s_log_block_size
57     - Block size is 2 ^ (10 + s_log_block_size).
58   * - 0x1C
59     - __le32
60     - s_log_cluster_size
61     - Cluster size is 2 ^ (10 + s_log_cluster_size) blocks if bigalloc is
62       enabled. Otherwise s_log_cluster_size must equal s_log_block_size.
63   * - 0x20
64     - __le32
65     - s_blocks_per_group
66     - Blocks per group.
67   * - 0x24
68     - __le32
69     - s_clusters_per_group
70     - Clusters per group, if bigalloc is enabled. Otherwise
71       s_clusters_per_group must equal s_blocks_per_group.
72   * - 0x28
73     - __le32
74     - s_inodes_per_group
75     - Inodes per group.
76   * - 0x2C
77     - __le32
78     - s_mtime
79     - Mount time, in seconds since the epoch.
80   * - 0x30
81     - __le32
82     - s_wtime
83     - Write time, in seconds since the epoch.
84   * - 0x34
85     - __le16
86     - s_mnt_count
87     - Number of mounts since the last fsck.
88   * - 0x36
89     - __le16
90     - s_max_mnt_count
91     - Number of mounts beyond which a fsck is needed.
92   * - 0x38
93     - __le16
94     - s_magic
95     - Magic signature, 0xEF53
96   * - 0x3A
97     - __le16
98     - s_state
99     - File system state. See super_state_ for more info.
100   * - 0x3C
101     - __le16
102     - s_errors
103     - Behaviour when detecting errors. See super_errors_ for more info.
104   * - 0x3E
105     - __le16
106     - s_minor_rev_level
107     - Minor revision level.
108   * - 0x40
109     - __le32
110     - s_lastcheck
111     - Time of last check, in seconds since the epoch.
112   * - 0x44
113     - __le32
114     - s_checkinterval
115     - Maximum time between checks, in seconds.
116   * - 0x48
117     - __le32
118     - s_creator_os
119     - Creator OS. See the table super_creator_ for more info.
120   * - 0x4C
121     - __le32
122     - s_rev_level
123     - Revision level. See the table super_revision_ for more info.
124   * - 0x50
125     - __le16
126     - s_def_resuid
127     - Default uid for reserved blocks.
128   * - 0x52
129     - __le16
130     - s_def_resgid
131     - Default gid for reserved blocks.
132   * -
133     -
134     -
135     - These fields are for EXT4_DYNAMIC_REV superblocks only.
136
137       Note: the difference between the compatible feature set and the
138       incompatible feature set is that if there is a bit set in the
139       incompatible feature set that the kernel doesn't know about, it should
140       refuse to mount the filesystem.
141
142       e2fsck's requirements are more strict; if it doesn't know
143       about a feature in either the compatible or incompatible feature set, it
144       must abort and not try to meddle with things it doesn't understand...
145   * - 0x54
146     - __le32
147     - s_first_ino
148     - First non-reserved inode.
149   * - 0x58
150     - __le16
151     - s_inode_size
152     - Size of inode structure, in bytes.
153   * - 0x5A
154     - __le16
155     - s_block_group_nr
156     - Block group # of this superblock.
157   * - 0x5C
158     - __le32
159     - s_feature_compat
160     - Compatible feature set flags. Kernel can still read/write this fs even
161       if it doesn't understand a flag; fsck should not do that. See the
162       super_compat_ table for more info.
163   * - 0x60
164     - __le32
165     - s_feature_incompat
166     - Incompatible feature set. If the kernel or fsck doesn't understand one
167       of these bits, it should stop. See the super_incompat_ table for more
168       info.
169   * - 0x64
170     - __le32
171     - s_feature_ro_compat
172     - Readonly-compatible feature set. If the kernel doesn't understand one of
173       these bits, it can still mount read-only. See the super_rocompat_ table
174       for more info.
175   * - 0x68
176     - __u8
177     - s_uuid[16]
178     - 128-bit UUID for volume.
179   * - 0x78
180     - char
181     - s_volume_name[16]
182     - Volume label.
183   * - 0x88
184     - char
185     - s_last_mounted[64]
186     - Directory where filesystem was last mounted.
187   * - 0xC8
188     - __le32
189     - s_algorithm_usage_bitmap
190     - For compression (Not used in e2fsprogs/Linux)
191   * -
192     -
193     -
194     - Performance hints.  Directory preallocation should only happen if the
195       EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_DIR_PREALLOC flag is on.
196   * - 0xCC
197     - __u8
198     - s_prealloc_blocks
199     - #. of blocks to try to preallocate for ... files? (Not used in
200       e2fsprogs/Linux)
201   * - 0xCD
202     - __u8
203     - s_prealloc_dir_blocks
204     - #. of blocks to preallocate for directories. (Not used in
205       e2fsprogs/Linux)
206   * - 0xCE
207     - __le16
208     - s_reserved_gdt_blocks
209     - Number of reserved GDT entries for future filesystem expansion.
210   * -
211     -
212     -
213     - Journalling support is valid only if EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL is
214       set.
215   * - 0xD0
216     - __u8
217     - s_journal_uuid[16]
218     - UUID of journal superblock
219   * - 0xE0
220     - __le32
221     - s_journal_inum
222     - inode number of journal file.
223   * - 0xE4
224     - __le32
225     - s_journal_dev
226     - Device number of journal file, if the external journal feature flag is
227       set.
228   * - 0xE8
229     - __le32
230     - s_last_orphan
231     - Start of list of orphaned inodes to delete.
232   * - 0xEC
233     - __le32
234     - s_hash_seed[4]
235     - HTREE hash seed.
236   * - 0xFC
237     - __u8
238     - s_def_hash_version
239     - Default hash algorithm to use for directory hashes. See super_def_hash_
240       for more info.
241   * - 0xFD
242     - __u8
243     - s_jnl_backup_type
244     - If this value is 0 or EXT3_JNL_BACKUP_BLOCKS (1), then the
245       ``s_jnl_blocks`` field contains a duplicate copy of the inode's
246       ``i_block[]`` array and ``i_size``.
247   * - 0xFE
248     - __le16
249     - s_desc_size
250     - Size of group descriptors, in bytes, if the 64bit incompat feature flag
251       is set.
252   * - 0x100
253     - __le32
254     - s_default_mount_opts
255     - Default mount options. See the super_mountopts_ table for more info.
256   * - 0x104
257     - __le32
258     - s_first_meta_bg
259     - First metablock block group, if the meta_bg feature is enabled.
260   * - 0x108
261     - __le32
262     - s_mkfs_time
263     - When the filesystem was created, in seconds since the epoch.
264   * - 0x10C
265     - __le32
266     - s_jnl_blocks[17]
267     - Backup copy of the journal inode's ``i_block[]`` array in the first 15
268       elements and i_size_high and i_size in the 16th and 17th elements,
269       respectively.
270   * -
271     -
272     -
273     - 64bit support is valid only if EXT4_FEATURE_COMPAT_64BIT is set.
274   * - 0x150
275     - __le32
276     - s_blocks_count_hi
277     - High 32-bits of the block count.
278   * - 0x154
279     - __le32
280     - s_r_blocks_count_hi
281     - High 32-bits of the reserved block count.
282   * - 0x158
283     - __le32
284     - s_free_blocks_count_hi
285     - High 32-bits of the free block count.
286   * - 0x15C
287     - __le16
288     - s_min_extra_isize
289     - All inodes have at least # bytes.
290   * - 0x15E
291     - __le16
292     - s_want_extra_isize
293     - New inodes should reserve # bytes.
294   * - 0x160
295     - __le32
296     - s_flags
297     - Miscellaneous flags. See the super_flags_ table for more info.
298   * - 0x164
299     - __le16
300     - s_raid_stride
301     - RAID stride. This is the number of logical blocks read from or written
302       to the disk before moving to the next disk. This affects the placement
303       of filesystem metadata, which will hopefully make RAID storage faster.
304   * - 0x166
305     - __le16
306     - s_mmp_interval
307     - #. seconds to wait in multi-mount prevention (MMP) checking. In theory,
308       MMP is a mechanism to record in the superblock which host and device
309       have mounted the filesystem, in order to prevent multiple mounts. This
310       feature does not seem to be implemented...
311   * - 0x168
312     - __le64
313     - s_mmp_block
314     - Block # for multi-mount protection data.
315   * - 0x170
316     - __le32
317     - s_raid_stripe_width
318     - RAID stripe width. This is the number of logical blocks read from or
319       written to the disk before coming back to the current disk. This is used
320       by the block allocator to try to reduce the number of read-modify-write
321       operations in a RAID5/6.
322   * - 0x174
323     - __u8
324     - s_log_groups_per_flex
325     - Size of a flexible block group is 2 ^ ``s_log_groups_per_flex``.
326   * - 0x175
327     - __u8
328     - s_checksum_type
329     - Metadata checksum algorithm type. The only valid value is 1 (crc32c).
330   * - 0x176
331     - \_\_u8
332     - s\_encryption\_level
333     - Versioning level for encryption.
334   * - 0x177
335     - \_\_u8
336     - s\_reserved\_pad
337     - Padding to next 32bits.
338   * - 0x178
339     - __le64
340     - s_kbytes_written
341     - Number of KiB written to this filesystem over its lifetime.
342   * - 0x180
343     - __le32
344     - s_snapshot_inum
345     - inode number of active snapshot. (Not used in e2fsprogs/Linux.)
346   * - 0x184
347     - __le32
348     - s_snapshot_id
349     - Sequential ID of active snapshot. (Not used in e2fsprogs/Linux.)
350   * - 0x188
351     - __le64
352     - s_snapshot_r_blocks_count
353     - Number of blocks reserved for active snapshot's future use. (Not used in
354       e2fsprogs/Linux.)
355   * - 0x190
356     - __le32
357     - s_snapshot_list
358     - inode number of the head of the on-disk snapshot list. (Not used in
359       e2fsprogs/Linux.)
360   * - 0x194
361     - __le32
362     - s_error_count
363     - Number of errors seen.
364   * - 0x198
365     - __le32
366     - s_first_error_time
367     - First time an error happened, in seconds since the epoch.
368   * - 0x19C
369     - __le32
370     - s_first_error_ino
371     - inode involved in first error.
372   * - 0x1A0
373     - __le64
374     - s_first_error_block
375     - Number of block involved of first error.
376   * - 0x1A8
377     - __u8
378     - s_first_error_func[32]
379     - Name of function where the error happened.
380   * - 0x1C8
381     - __le32
382     - s_first_error_line
383     - Line number where error happened.
384   * - 0x1CC
385     - __le32
386     - s_last_error_time
387     - Time of most recent error, in seconds since the epoch.
388   * - 0x1D0
389     - __le32
390     - s_last_error_ino
391     - inode involved in most recent error.
392   * - 0x1D4
393     - __le32
394     - s_last_error_line
395     - Line number where most recent error happened.
396   * - 0x1D8
397     - __le64
398     - s_last_error_block
399     - Number of block involved in most recent error.
400   * - 0x1E0
401     - __u8
402     - s_last_error_func[32]
403     - Name of function where the most recent error happened.
404   * - 0x200
405     - __u8
406     - s_mount_opts[64]
407     - ASCIIZ string of mount options.
408   * - 0x240
409     - __le32
410     - s_usr_quota_inum
411     - Inode number of user `quota <quota>`__ file.
412   * - 0x244
413     - __le32
414     - s_grp_quota_inum
415     - Inode number of group `quota <quota>`__ file.
416   * - 0x248
417     - __le32
418     - s_overhead_blocks
419     - Overhead blocks/clusters in fs. (Huh? This field is always zero, which
420       means that the kernel calculates it dynamically.)
421   * - 0x24C
422     - __le32
423     - s_backup_bgs[2]
424     - Block groups containing superblock backups (if sparse_super2)
425   * - 0x254
426     - __u8
427     - s_encrypt_algos[4]
428     - Encryption algorithms in use. There can be up to four algorithms in use
429       at any time; valid algorithm codes are given in the super_encrypt_ table
430       below.
431   * - 0x258
432     - __u8
433     - s_encrypt_pw_salt[16]
434     - Salt for the string2key algorithm for encryption.
435   * - 0x268
436     - __le32
437     - s_lpf_ino
438     - Inode number of lost+found
439   * - 0x26C
440     - __le32
441     - s_prj_quota_inum
442     - Inode that tracks project quotas.
443   * - 0x270
444     - __le32
445     - s_checksum_seed
446     - Checksum seed used for metadata_csum calculations. This value is
447       crc32c(~0, $orig_fs_uuid).
448   * - 0x274
449     - __u8
450     - s_wtime_hi
451     - Upper 8 bits of the s_wtime field.
452   * - 0x275
453     - __u8
454     - s_mtime_hi
455     - Upper 8 bits of the s_mtime field.
456   * - 0x276
457     - __u8
458     - s_mkfs_time_hi
459     - Upper 8 bits of the s_mkfs_time field.
460   * - 0x277
461     - __u8
462     - s_lastcheck_hi
463     - Upper 8 bits of the s_lastcheck field.
464   * - 0x278
465     - __u8
466     - s_first_error_time_hi
467     - Upper 8 bits of the s_first_error_time field.
468   * - 0x279
469     - __u8
470     - s_last_error_time_hi
471     - Upper 8 bits of the s_last_error_time field.
472   * - 0x27A
473     - \_\_u8
474     - s\_first\_error\_errcode
475     -
476   * - 0x27B
477     - \_\_u8
478     - s\_last\_error\_errcode
479     -
480   * - 0x27C
481     - __le16
482     - s_encoding
483     - Filename charset encoding.
484   * - 0x27E
485     - __le16
486     - s_encoding_flags
487     - Filename charset encoding flags.
488   * - 0x280
489     - __le32
490     - s_orphan_file_inum
491     - Orphan file inode number.
492   * - 0x284
493     - __le32
494     - s_reserved[94]
495     - Padding to the end of the block.
496   * - 0x3FC
497     - __le32
498     - s_checksum
499     - Superblock checksum.
500
501.. _super_state:
502
503The superblock state is some combination of the following:
504
505.. list-table::
506   :widths: 8 72
507   :header-rows: 1
508
509   * - Value
510     - Description
511   * - 0x0001
512     - Cleanly umounted
513   * - 0x0002
514     - Errors detected
515   * - 0x0004
516     - Orphans being recovered
517
518.. _super_errors:
519
520The superblock error policy is one of the following:
521
522.. list-table::
523   :widths: 8 72
524   :header-rows: 1
525
526   * - Value
527     - Description
528   * - 1
529     - Continue
530   * - 2
531     - Remount read-only
532   * - 3
533     - Panic
534
535.. _super_creator:
536
537The filesystem creator is one of the following:
538
539.. list-table::
540   :widths: 8 72
541   :header-rows: 1
542
543   * - Value
544     - Description
545   * - 0
546     - Linux
547   * - 1
548     - Hurd
549   * - 2
550     - Masix
551   * - 3
552     - FreeBSD
553   * - 4
554     - Lites
555
556.. _super_revision:
557
558The superblock revision is one of the following:
559
560.. list-table::
561   :widths: 8 72
562   :header-rows: 1
563
564   * - Value
565     - Description
566   * - 0
567     - Original format
568   * - 1
569     - v2 format w/ dynamic inode sizes
570
571Note that ``EXT4_DYNAMIC_REV`` refers to a revision 1 or newer filesystem.
572
573.. _super_compat:
574
575The superblock compatible features field is a combination of any of the
576following:
577
578.. list-table::
579   :widths: 16 64
580   :header-rows: 1
581
582   * - Value
583     - Description
584   * - 0x1
585     - Directory preallocation (COMPAT_DIR_PREALLOC).
586   * - 0x2
587     - “imagic inodes”. Not clear from the code what this does
588       (COMPAT_IMAGIC_INODES).
589   * - 0x4
590     - Has a journal (COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL).
591   * - 0x8
592     - Supports extended attributes (COMPAT_EXT_ATTR).
593   * - 0x10
594     - Has reserved GDT blocks for filesystem expansion
595       (COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE). Requires RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER.
596   * - 0x20
597     - Has directory indices (COMPAT_DIR_INDEX).
598   * - 0x40
599     - “Lazy BG”. Not in Linux kernel, seems to have been for uninitialized
600       block groups? (COMPAT_LAZY_BG)
601   * - 0x80
602     - “Exclude inode”. Not used. (COMPAT_EXCLUDE_INODE).
603   * - 0x100
604     - “Exclude bitmap”. Seems to be used to indicate the presence of
605       snapshot-related exclude bitmaps? Not defined in kernel or used in
606       e2fsprogs (COMPAT_EXCLUDE_BITMAP).
607   * - 0x200
608     - Sparse Super Block, v2. If this flag is set, the SB field s_backup_bgs
609       points to the two block groups that contain backup superblocks
610       (COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER2).
611   * - 0x400
612     - Fast commits supported. Although fast commits blocks are
613       backward incompatible, fast commit blocks are not always
614       present in the journal. If fast commit blocks are present in
615       the journal, JBD2 incompat feature
616       (JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FAST_COMMIT) gets
617       set (COMPAT_FAST_COMMIT).
618   * - 0x1000
619     - Orphan file allocated. This is the special file for more efficient
620       tracking of unlinked but still open inodes. When there may be any
621       entries in the file, we additionally set proper rocompat feature
622       (RO_COMPAT_ORPHAN_PRESENT).
623
624.. _super_incompat:
625
626The superblock incompatible features field is a combination of any of the
627following:
628
629.. list-table::
630   :widths: 16 64
631   :header-rows: 1
632
633   * - Value
634     - Description
635   * - 0x1
636     - Compression (INCOMPAT_COMPRESSION).
637   * - 0x2
638     - Directory entries record the file type. See ext4_dir_entry_2 below
639       (INCOMPAT_FILETYPE).
640   * - 0x4
641     - Filesystem needs recovery (INCOMPAT_RECOVER).
642   * - 0x8
643     - Filesystem has a separate journal device (INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV).
644   * - 0x10
645     - Meta block groups. See the earlier discussion of this feature
646       (INCOMPAT_META_BG).
647   * - 0x40
648     - Files in this filesystem use extents (INCOMPAT_EXTENTS).
649   * - 0x80
650     - Enable a filesystem size of 2^64 blocks (INCOMPAT_64BIT).
651   * - 0x100
652     - Multiple mount protection (INCOMPAT_MMP).
653   * - 0x200
654     - Flexible block groups. See the earlier discussion of this feature
655       (INCOMPAT_FLEX_BG).
656   * - 0x400
657     - Inodes can be used to store large extended attribute values
658       (INCOMPAT_EA_INODE).
659   * - 0x1000
660     - Data in directory entry (INCOMPAT_DIRDATA). (Not implemented?)
661   * - 0x2000
662     - Metadata checksum seed is stored in the superblock. This feature enables
663       the administrator to change the UUID of a metadata_csum filesystem
664       while the filesystem is mounted; without it, the checksum definition
665       requires all metadata blocks to be rewritten (INCOMPAT_CSUM_SEED).
666   * - 0x4000
667     - Large directory >2GB or 3-level htree (INCOMPAT_LARGEDIR). Prior to
668       this feature, directories could not be larger than 4GiB and could not
669       have an htree more than 2 levels deep. If this feature is enabled,
670       directories can be larger than 4GiB and have a maximum htree depth of 3.
671   * - 0x8000
672     - Data in inode (INCOMPAT_INLINE_DATA).
673   * - 0x10000
674     - Encrypted inodes are present on the filesystem. (INCOMPAT_ENCRYPT).
675
676.. _super_rocompat:
677
678The superblock read-only compatible features field is a combination of any of
679the following:
680
681.. list-table::
682   :widths: 16 64
683   :header-rows: 1
684
685   * - Value
686     - Description
687   * - 0x1
688     - Sparse superblocks. See the earlier discussion of this feature
689       (RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER).
690   * - 0x2
691     - This filesystem has been used to store a file greater than 2GiB
692       (RO_COMPAT_LARGE_FILE).
693   * - 0x4
694     - Not used in kernel or e2fsprogs (RO_COMPAT_BTREE_DIR).
695   * - 0x8
696     - This filesystem has files whose sizes are represented in units of
697       logical blocks, not 512-byte sectors. This implies a very large file
698       indeed! (RO_COMPAT_HUGE_FILE)
699   * - 0x10
700     - Group descriptors have checksums. In addition to detecting corruption,
701       this is useful for lazy formatting with uninitialized groups
702       (RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM).
703   * - 0x20
704     - Indicates that the old ext3 32,000 subdirectory limit no longer applies
705       (RO_COMPAT_DIR_NLINK). A directory's i_links_count will be set to 1
706       if it is incremented past 64,999.
707   * - 0x40
708     - Indicates that large inodes exist on this filesystem
709       (RO_COMPAT_EXTRA_ISIZE).
710   * - 0x80
711     - This filesystem has a snapshot (RO_COMPAT_HAS_SNAPSHOT).
712   * - 0x100
713     - `Quota <Quota>`__ (RO_COMPAT_QUOTA).
714   * - 0x200
715     - This filesystem supports “bigalloc”, which means that file extents are
716       tracked in units of clusters (of blocks) instead of blocks
717       (RO_COMPAT_BIGALLOC).
718   * - 0x400
719     - This filesystem supports metadata checksumming.
720       (RO_COMPAT_METADATA_CSUM; implies RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM, though
721       GDT_CSUM must not be set)
722   * - 0x800
723     - Filesystem supports replicas. This feature is neither in the kernel nor
724       e2fsprogs. (RO_COMPAT_REPLICA)
725   * - 0x1000
726     - Read-only filesystem image; the kernel will not mount this image
727       read-write and most tools will refuse to write to the image.
728       (RO_COMPAT_READONLY)
729   * - 0x2000
730     - Filesystem tracks project quotas. (RO_COMPAT_PROJECT)
731   * - 0x8000
732     - Verity inodes may be present on the filesystem. (RO_COMPAT_VERITY)
733   * - 0x10000
734     - Indicates orphan file may have valid orphan entries and thus we need
735       to clean them up when mounting the filesystem
736       (RO_COMPAT_ORPHAN_PRESENT).
737
738.. _super_def_hash:
739
740The ``s_def_hash_version`` field is one of the following:
741
742.. list-table::
743   :widths: 8 72
744   :header-rows: 1
745
746   * - Value
747     - Description
748   * - 0x0
749     - Legacy.
750   * - 0x1
751     - Half MD4.
752   * - 0x2
753     - Tea.
754   * - 0x3
755     - Legacy, unsigned.
756   * - 0x4
757     - Half MD4, unsigned.
758   * - 0x5
759     - Tea, unsigned.
760
761.. _super_mountopts:
762
763The ``s_default_mount_opts`` field is any combination of the following:
764
765.. list-table::
766   :widths: 8 72
767   :header-rows: 1
768
769   * - Value
770     - Description
771   * - 0x0001
772     - Print debugging info upon (re)mount. (EXT4_DEFM_DEBUG)
773   * - 0x0002
774     - New files take the gid of the containing directory (instead of the fsgid
775       of the current process). (EXT4_DEFM_BSDGROUPS)
776   * - 0x0004
777     - Support userspace-provided extended attributes. (EXT4_DEFM_XATTR_USER)
778   * - 0x0008
779     - Support POSIX access control lists (ACLs). (EXT4_DEFM_ACL)
780   * - 0x0010
781     - Do not support 32-bit UIDs. (EXT4_DEFM_UID16)
782   * - 0x0020
783     - All data and metadata are committed to the journal.
784       (EXT4_DEFM_JMODE_DATA)
785   * - 0x0040
786     - All data are flushed to the disk before metadata are committed to the
787       journal. (EXT4_DEFM_JMODE_ORDERED)
788   * - 0x0060
789     - Data ordering is not preserved; data may be written after the metadata
790       has been written. (EXT4_DEFM_JMODE_WBACK)
791   * - 0x0100
792     - Disable write flushes. (EXT4_DEFM_NOBARRIER)
793   * - 0x0200
794     - Track which blocks in a filesystem are metadata and therefore should not
795       be used as data blocks. This option will be enabled by default on 3.18,
796       hopefully. (EXT4_DEFM_BLOCK_VALIDITY)
797   * - 0x0400
798     - Enable DISCARD support, where the storage device is told about blocks
799       becoming unused. (EXT4_DEFM_DISCARD)
800   * - 0x0800
801     - Disable delayed allocation. (EXT4_DEFM_NODELALLOC)
802
803.. _super_flags:
804
805The ``s_flags`` field is any combination of the following:
806
807.. list-table::
808   :widths: 8 72
809   :header-rows: 1
810
811   * - Value
812     - Description
813   * - 0x0001
814     - Signed directory hash in use.
815   * - 0x0002
816     - Unsigned directory hash in use.
817   * - 0x0004
818     - To test development code.
819
820.. _super_encrypt:
821
822The ``s_encrypt_algos`` list can contain any of the following:
823
824.. list-table::
825   :widths: 8 72
826   :header-rows: 1
827
828   * - Value
829     - Description
830   * - 0
831     - Invalid algorithm (ENCRYPTION_MODE_INVALID).
832   * - 1
833     - 256-bit AES in XTS mode (ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_XTS).
834   * - 2
835     - 256-bit AES in GCM mode (ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_GCM).
836   * - 3
837     - 256-bit AES in CBC mode (ENCRYPTION_MODE_AES_256_CBC).
838
839Total size of the superblock is 1024 bytes.
840