xref: /qemu/system/vl.c (revision 6b8f40c61bbfef1abe77eeb9c716ec642927c12c)
1 /*
2  * QEMU System Emulator
3  *
4  * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
5  *
6  * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
7  * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
8  * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
9  * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
10  * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
11  * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12  *
13  * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
14  * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15  *
16  * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
17  * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
18  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
19  * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
20  * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
21  * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
22  * THE SOFTWARE.
23  */
24 
25 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
26 #include "qemu/help-texts.h"
27 #include "qemu/datadir.h"
28 #include "qemu/units.h"
29 #include "exec/cpu-common.h"
30 #include "exec/page-vary.h"
31 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
32 #include "qapi/compat-policy.h"
33 #include "qapi/error.h"
34 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
35 #include "qapi/qmp/qstring.h"
36 #include "qapi/qmp/qjson.h"
37 #include "qemu-version.h"
38 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
39 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
40 #include "qemu/hw-version.h"
41 #include "qemu/uuid.h"
42 #include "system/reset.h"
43 #include "system/runstate.h"
44 #include "system/runstate-action.h"
45 #include "system/seccomp.h"
46 #include "system/tcg.h"
47 #include "system/xen.h"
48 
49 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
50 #include "qemu/sockets.h"
51 #include "qemu/accel.h"
52 #include "qemu/async-teardown.h"
53 #include "hw/usb.h"
54 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
55 #include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
56 #include "hw/display/vga.h"
57 #include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
58 #include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
59 #include "hw/xen/xen.h"
60 #include "hw/loader.h"
61 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
62 #include "net/net.h"
63 #include "net/slirp.h"
64 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
65 #include "ui/console.h"
66 #include "ui/input.h"
67 #include "system/system.h"
68 #include "system/numa.h"
69 #include "system/hostmem.h"
70 #include "exec/gdbstub.h"
71 #include "gdbstub/enums.h"
72 #include "qemu/timer.h"
73 #include "chardev/char.h"
74 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
75 #include "qemu/log.h"
76 #include "system/blockdev.h"
77 #include "hw/block/block.h"
78 #include "hw/i386/x86.h"
79 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
80 #include "migration/misc.h"
81 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
82 #include "system/tpm.h"
83 #include "system/dma.h"
84 #include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
85 #include "audio/audio.h"
86 #include "system/cpus.h"
87 #include "system/cpu-timers.h"
88 #include "migration/colo.h"
89 #include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
90 #include "system/kvm.h"
91 #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
92 #include "qemu/option.h"
93 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
94 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
95 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
96 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
97 #endif
98 #include "system/qtest.h"
99 #ifdef CONFIG_TCG
100 #include "tcg/perf.h"
101 #endif
102 
103 #include "disas/disas.h"
104 
105 #include "trace.h"
106 #include "trace/control.h"
107 #include "qemu/plugin.h"
108 #include "qemu/queue.h"
109 #include "system/arch_init.h"
110 #include "system/confidential-guest-support.h"
111 
112 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
113 #include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
114 #include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
115 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
116 #include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
117 #include "semihosting/semihost.h"
118 #include "crypto/init.h"
119 #include "system/replay.h"
120 #include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
121 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
122 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
123 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
124 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-compat.h"
125 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-machine.h"
126 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
127 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
128 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-migration.h"
129 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-misc.h"
130 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-qom.h"
131 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
132 #include "block/qdict.h"
133 #include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
134 #include "system/iothread.h"
135 #include "qemu/guest-random.h"
136 #include "qemu/keyval.h"
137 
138 #define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
139 
140 typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
141     BlockdevOptions *bdo;
142     Location loc;
143     QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
144 } BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
145 
146 typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
147 
148 typedef struct ObjectOption {
149     ObjectOptions *opts;
150     QTAILQ_ENTRY(ObjectOption) next;
151 } ObjectOption;
152 
153 typedef struct DeviceOption {
154     QDict *opts;
155     Location loc;
156     QTAILQ_ENTRY(DeviceOption) next;
157 } DeviceOption;
158 
159 static const char *cpu_option;
160 static const char *mem_path;
161 static const char *incoming;
162 static const char *loadvm;
163 static const char *accelerators;
164 static bool have_custom_ram_size;
165 static const char *ram_memdev_id;
166 static QDict *machine_opts_dict;
167 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, ObjectOption) object_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(object_opts);
168 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, DeviceOption) device_opts = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_opts);
169 static int display_remote;
170 static int snapshot;
171 static bool preconfig_requested;
172 static QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
173 static BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
174 static bool nographic = false;
175 static int mem_prealloc; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
176 static const char *vga_model = NULL;
177 static DisplayOptions dpy;
178 static int num_serial_hds;
179 static Chardev **serial_hds;
180 static const char *log_mask;
181 static const char *log_file;
182 static bool list_data_dirs;
183 static const char *qtest_chrdev;
184 static const char *qtest_log;
185 
186 static int has_defaults = 1;
187 static int default_audio = 1;
188 static int default_serial = 1;
189 static int default_parallel = 1;
190 static int default_monitor = 1;
191 static int default_floppy = 1;
192 static int default_cdrom = 1;
193 static int default_sdcard = 1;
194 static int default_vga = 1;
195 static int default_net = 1;
196 
197 static const struct {
198     const char *driver;
199     int *flag;
200 } default_list[] = {
201     { .driver = "xen-console",          .flag = &default_serial    },
202     { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
203     { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
204     { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
205     { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
206     { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
207     { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
208     { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
209     { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
210     { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
211     { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
212     { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
213     { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
214     { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
215     { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
216     { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
217     { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
218     { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
219     { .driver = "virtio-vga-gl",        .flag = &default_vga       },
220     { .driver = "virtio-vga-rutabaga",  .flag = &default_vga       },
221 };
222 
223 static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
224     .name = "rtc",
225     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
226     .merge_lists = true,
227     .desc = {
228         {
229             .name = "base",
230             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
231         },{
232             .name = "clock",
233             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
234         },{
235             .name = "driftfix",
236             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
237         },
238         { /* end of list */ }
239     },
240 };
241 
242 static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
243     .name = "option-rom",
244     .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
245     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
246     .desc = {
247         {
248             .name = "bootindex",
249             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
250         }, {
251             .name = "romfile",
252             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
253         },
254         { /* end of list */ }
255     },
256 };
257 
258 static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
259     .name = "accel",
260     .implied_opt_name = "accel",
261     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
262     .desc = {
263         /*
264          * no elements => accept any
265          * sanity checking will happen later
266          * when setting accelerator properties
267          */
268         { }
269     },
270 };
271 
272 static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
273     .name = "boot-opts",
274     .implied_opt_name = "order",
275     .merge_lists = true,
276     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
277     .desc = {
278         {
279             .name = "order",
280             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
281         }, {
282             .name = "once",
283             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
284         }, {
285             .name = "menu",
286             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
287         }, {
288             .name = "splash",
289             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
290         }, {
291             .name = "splash-time",
292             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
293         }, {
294             .name = "reboot-timeout",
295             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
296         }, {
297             .name = "strict",
298             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
299         },
300         { /*End of list */ }
301     },
302 };
303 
304 static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
305     .name = "add-fd",
306     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
307     .desc = {
308         {
309             .name = "fd",
310             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
311             .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
312         },{
313             .name = "set",
314             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
315             .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
316         },{
317             .name = "opaque",
318             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
319             .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
320         },
321         { /* end of list */ }
322     },
323 };
324 
325 static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
326     .name = "object",
327     .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
328     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
329     .desc = {
330         { }
331     },
332 };
333 
334 static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
335     .name = "tpmdev",
336     .implied_opt_name = "type",
337     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
338     .desc = {
339         /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
340         { /* end of list */ }
341     },
342 };
343 
344 static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
345     .name = "overcommit",
346     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
347     .desc = {
348         {
349             .name = "mem-lock",
350             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
351         },
352         {
353             .name = "cpu-pm",
354             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
355         },
356         { /* end of list */ }
357     },
358 };
359 
360 static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
361     .name = "msg",
362     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
363     .desc = {
364         {
365             .name = "timestamp",
366             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
367         },
368         {
369             .name = "guest-name",
370             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
371             .help = "Prepends guest name for error messages but only if "
372                     "-name guest is set otherwise option is ignored\n",
373         },
374         { /* end of list */ }
375     },
376 };
377 
378 static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
379     .name = "name",
380     .implied_opt_name = "guest",
381     .merge_lists = true,
382     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
383     .desc = {
384         {
385             .name = "guest",
386             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
387             .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
388                     "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
389                     "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
390         }, {
391             .name = "process",
392             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
393             .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
394         }, {
395             .name = "debug-threads",
396             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
397             .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
398                     "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
399                     "stable API.",
400         },
401         { /* End of list */ }
402     },
403 };
404 
405 static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
406     .name = "memory",
407     .implied_opt_name = "size",
408     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
409     .merge_lists = true,
410     .desc = {
411         {
412             .name = "size",
413             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
414         },
415         {
416             .name = "slots",
417             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
418         },
419         {
420             .name = "maxmem",
421             .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
422         },
423         { /* end of list */ }
424     },
425 };
426 
427 static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
428     .name = "icount",
429     .implied_opt_name = "shift",
430     .merge_lists = true,
431     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
432     .desc = {
433         {
434             .name = "shift",
435             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
436         }, {
437             .name = "align",
438             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
439         }, {
440             .name = "sleep",
441             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
442         }, {
443             .name = "rr",
444             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
445         }, {
446             .name = "rrfile",
447             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
448         }, {
449             .name = "rrsnapshot",
450             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
451         },
452         { /* end of list */ }
453     },
454 };
455 
456 static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
457     .name = "fw_cfg",
458     .implied_opt_name = "name",
459     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
460     .desc = {
461         {
462             .name = "name",
463             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
464             .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
465         }, {
466             .name = "file",
467             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
468             .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
469                     "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
470         }, {
471             .name = "string",
472             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
473             .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
474         }, {
475             .name = "gen_id",
476             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
477             .help = "Sets id of the object generating the fw_cfg blob "
478                     "to be inserted",
479         },
480         { /* end of list */ }
481     },
482 };
483 
484 static QemuOptsList qemu_action_opts = {
485     .name = "action",
486     .merge_lists = true,
487     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_action_opts.head),
488     .desc = {
489         {
490             .name = "shutdown",
491             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
492         },{
493             .name = "reboot",
494             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
495         },{
496             .name = "panic",
497             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
498         },{
499             .name = "watchdog",
500             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
501         },
502         { /* end of list */ }
503     },
504 };
505 
506 const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
507 {
508     return qemu_name;
509 }
510 
511 static void default_driver_disable(const char *driver)
512 {
513     int i;
514 
515     if (!driver) {
516         return;
517     }
518 
519     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
520         if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
521             continue;
522         *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
523     }
524 }
525 
526 static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
527 {
528     const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
529 
530     default_driver_disable(driver);
531     return 0;
532 }
533 
534 static void default_driver_check_json(void)
535 {
536     DeviceOption *opt;
537 
538     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
539         const char *driver = qdict_get_try_str(opt->opts, "driver");
540         default_driver_disable(driver);
541     }
542 }
543 
544 static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
545 {
546     const char *proc_name;
547 
548     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
549         qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
550     }
551     qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
552 
553     proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
554     if (proc_name) {
555         os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
556     }
557 
558     return 0;
559 }
560 
561 bool defaults_enabled(void)
562 {
563     return has_defaults;
564 }
565 
566 #ifndef _WIN32
567 static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
568 {
569     int fd, dupfd, flags;
570     int64_t fdset_id;
571     const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
572     AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
573 
574     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
575     fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
576     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
577 
578     if (fd < 0) {
579         error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
580         return -1;
581     }
582 
583     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
584         error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
585         return -1;
586     }
587 
588     /*
589      * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
590      * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
591      */
592     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
593     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
594         error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
595         return -1;
596     }
597 
598     if (fdset_id < 0) {
599         error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
600         return -1;
601     }
602 
603 #ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
604     dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
605 #else
606     dupfd = dup(fd);
607     if (dupfd != -1) {
608         qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
609     }
610 #endif
611     if (dupfd == -1) {
612         error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
613         return -1;
614     }
615 
616     /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
617     fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, fd_opaque,
618                                   &error_abort);
619     g_free(fdinfo);
620 
621     return 0;
622 }
623 
624 static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
625 {
626     int fd;
627 
628     fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
629     close(fd);
630 
631     return 0;
632 }
633 #endif
634 
635 /***********************************************************/
636 /* QEMU Block devices */
637 
638 #define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
639 #define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
640 #define FD_OPTS ""
641 #define PFLASH_OPTS ""
642 #define MTD_OPTS ""
643 #define SD_OPTS ""
644 
645 static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
646 {
647     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
648 
649     return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
650 }
651 
652 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
653 {
654     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
655         qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
656     }
657     return 0;
658 }
659 
660 static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
661                           int index, const char *optstr)
662 {
663     QemuOpts *opts;
664     DriveInfo *dinfo;
665 
666     if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
667         return;
668     }
669 
670     opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
671     if (snapshot) {
672         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
673     }
674 
675     dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
676     dinfo->is_default = true;
677 
678 }
679 
680 static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
681                                MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
682 {
683     /*
684      * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
685      * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
686      * now.
687      */
688     if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
689         override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
690                           machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
691     }
692 
693     /* open the virtual block devices */
694     while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
695         BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
696 
697         QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
698         loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
699         qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
700         loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
701         qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
702         g_free(bdo);
703     }
704     if (snapshot) {
705         qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
706                           NULL, NULL);
707     }
708     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
709                           &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
710         /* We printed help */
711         exit(0);
712     }
713 
714     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
715                   CDROM_OPTS);
716     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
717     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
718 
719 }
720 
721 static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
722     .name = "smp-opts",
723     .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
724     .merge_lists = true,
725     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
726     .desc = {
727         {
728             .name = "cpus",
729             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
730         }, {
731             .name = "drawers",
732             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
733         }, {
734             .name = "books",
735             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
736         }, {
737             .name = "sockets",
738             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
739         }, {
740             .name = "dies",
741             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
742         }, {
743             .name = "clusters",
744             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
745         }, {
746             .name = "modules",
747             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
748         }, {
749             .name = "cores",
750             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
751         }, {
752             .name = "threads",
753             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
754         }, {
755             .name = "maxcpus",
756             .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
757         },
758         { /*End of list */ }
759     },
760 };
761 
762 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
763 static QemuOptsList qemu_run_with_opts = {
764     .name = "run-with",
765     .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_run_with_opts.head),
766     .desc = {
767 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
768         {
769             .name = "async-teardown",
770             .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
771         },
772 #endif
773         {
774             .name = "chroot",
775             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
776         },
777         {
778             .name = "user",
779             .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
780         },
781         { /* end of list */ }
782     },
783 };
784 
785 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts() qemu_add_opts(&qemu_run_with_opts)
786 
787 #else
788 
789 #define qemu_add_run_with_opts()
790 
791 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
792 
793 static void realtime_init(void)
794 {
795     if (enable_mlock) {
796         if (os_mlock() < 0) {
797             error_report("locking memory failed");
798             exit(1);
799         }
800     }
801 }
802 
803 
804 static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
805 {
806     message_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
807     error_with_guestname = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "guest-name", false);
808 }
809 
810 
811 /***********************************************************/
812 /* USB devices */
813 
814 static bool usb_parse(const char *cmdline, Error **errp)
815 {
816     g_assert(machine_usb(current_machine));
817 
818     if (!usbdevice_create(cmdline)) {
819         error_setg(errp, "could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
820         return false;
821     }
822     return true;
823 }
824 
825 /***********************************************************/
826 /* machine registration */
827 
828 static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
829 {
830     GSList *el;
831 
832     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
833         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
834 
835         if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
836             return mc;
837         }
838     }
839 
840     return NULL;
841 }
842 
843 static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
844 {
845     GSList *el;
846     MachineClass *default_machineclass = NULL;
847 
848     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
849         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
850 
851         if (mc->is_default) {
852             assert(default_machineclass == NULL && "Multiple default machines");
853             default_machineclass = mc;
854         }
855     }
856 
857     return default_machineclass;
858 }
859 
860 static void version(void)
861 {
862     printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
863            QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
864 }
865 
866 static void help(int exitcode)
867 {
868     version();
869     printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
870            "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
871             g_get_prgname());
872 
873 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)    \
874     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)                               \
875         fputs(opt_help, stdout);
876 
877 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask) \
878     if ((arch_mask) & arch_type)    \
879         puts(stringify(text));
880 
881 #define DEFHEADING(text) ARCHHEADING(text, QEMU_ARCH_ALL)
882 
883 #include "qemu-options.def"
884 
885     printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
886            "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
887            "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
888            "ctrl-alt-g      toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
889            "\n"
890            "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
891            "\n"
892            QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
893 
894     exit(exitcode);
895 }
896 
897 enum {
898 
899 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
900     opt_enum,
901 #define DEFHEADING(text)
902 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
903 
904 #include "qemu-options.def"
905 };
906 
907 #define HAS_ARG 0x0001
908 
909 typedef struct QEMUOption {
910     const char *name;
911     int flags;
912     int index;
913     uint32_t arch_mask;
914 } QEMUOption;
915 
916 static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
917     { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
918 
919 #define DEF(option, opt_arg, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask)     \
920     { option, opt_arg, opt_enum, arch_mask },
921 #define DEFHEADING(text)
922 #define ARCHHEADING(text, arch_mask)
923 
924 #include "qemu-options.def"
925     { /* end of list */ }
926 };
927 
928 typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
929     const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
930     const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
931     /* Class names indicating that support is available.
932      * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
933     const char *class_names[2];
934 } VGAInterfaceInfo;
935 
936 static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
937     [VGA_NONE] = {
938         .opt_name = "none",
939         .name = "no graphic card",
940     },
941     [VGA_STD] = {
942         .opt_name = "std",
943         .name = "standard VGA",
944         .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
945     },
946     [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
947         .opt_name = "cirrus",
948         .name = "Cirrus VGA",
949         .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
950     },
951     [VGA_VMWARE] = {
952         .opt_name = "vmware",
953         .name = "VMWare SVGA",
954         .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
955     },
956     [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
957         .opt_name = "virtio",
958         .name = "Virtio VGA",
959         .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
960     },
961     [VGA_QXL] = {
962         .opt_name = "qxl",
963         .name = "QXL VGA",
964         .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
965     },
966     [VGA_TCX] = {
967         .opt_name = "tcx",
968         .name = "TCX framebuffer",
969         .class_names = { "sun-tcx" },
970     },
971     [VGA_CG3] = {
972         .opt_name = "cg3",
973         .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
974         .class_names = { "cgthree" },
975     },
976 #ifdef CONFIG_XEN_BACKEND
977     [VGA_XENFB] = {
978         .opt_name = "xenfb",
979         .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
980     },
981 #endif
982 };
983 
984 static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
985 {
986     const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
987 
988     assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
989 
990     if (!ti->class_names[0] || module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0])) {
991         return true;
992     }
993 
994     if (ti->class_names[1] && module_object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1])) {
995         return true;
996     }
997 
998     return false;
999 }
1000 
1001 static const char *
1002 get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
1003 {
1004     if (machine_class->default_display) {
1005         for (int t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1006             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1007 
1008             if (ti->opt_name && vga_interface_available(t) &&
1009                 g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, machine_class->default_display)) {
1010                 return machine_class->default_display;
1011             }
1012         }
1013 
1014         warn_report_once("Default display '%s' is not available in this binary",
1015                          machine_class->default_display);
1016         return NULL;
1017     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
1018         return "cirrus";
1019     } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
1020         return "std";
1021     }
1022 
1023     return NULL;
1024 }
1025 
1026 static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
1027 {
1028     const char *opts;
1029     int t;
1030 
1031     if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
1032         const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1033 
1034         for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1035             const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1036 
1037             if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
1038                 printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
1039                         (def && g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def)) ?
1040                         " (default)" : "");
1041             }
1042         }
1043         exit(0);
1044     }
1045 
1046     assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
1047     for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
1048         const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
1049         if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
1050             if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
1051                 error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
1052                 exit(1);
1053             }
1054             vga_interface_type = t;
1055             break;
1056         }
1057     }
1058     if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
1059     invalid_vga:
1060         error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
1061         exit(1);
1062     }
1063     while (*opts) {
1064         const char *nextopt;
1065 
1066         if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
1067             opts = nextopt;
1068             if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
1069                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
1070             else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
1071                 vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
1072             else goto invalid_vga;
1073         } else goto invalid_vga;
1074         opts = nextopt;
1075     }
1076 }
1077 
1078 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *str)
1079 {
1080     DisplayOptions *opts;
1081     Visitor *v;
1082 
1083     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(str, "type", &error_fatal);
1084 
1085     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
1086     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
1087 
1088     qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
1089     visit_free(v);
1090 }
1091 
1092 DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
1093 {
1094     return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
1095 }
1096 
1097 static void parse_display(const char *p)
1098 {
1099     if (is_help_option(p)) {
1100         qemu_display_help();
1101         exit(0);
1102     }
1103 
1104 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
1105     const char *opts;
1106 
1107     if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
1108         /*
1109          * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
1110          * display access.
1111          */
1112         if (*opts == '=') {
1113             vnc_parse(opts + 1);
1114             display_remote++;
1115         } else {
1116             error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
1117             exit(1);
1118         }
1119         return;
1120     }
1121 #endif
1122 
1123     parse_display_qapi(p);
1124 }
1125 
1126 static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
1127 {
1128     return str && *str;
1129 }
1130 
1131 static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1132 {
1133     gchar *buf;
1134     size_t size;
1135     const char *name, *file, *str, *gen_id;
1136     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
1137 
1138     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
1139         error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
1140         return -1;
1141     }
1142     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
1143     file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
1144     str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
1145     gen_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "gen_id");
1146 
1147     /* we need the name, and exactly one of: file, content string, gen_id */
1148     if (!nonempty_str(name) ||
1149         nonempty_str(file) + nonempty_str(str) + nonempty_str(gen_id) != 1) {
1150         error_setg(errp, "name, plus exactly one of file,"
1151                          " string and gen_id, are needed");
1152         return -1;
1153     }
1154     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
1155         error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
1156                    FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
1157         return -1;
1158     }
1159     if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1160         /*
1161          * In this particular case where the content is populated
1162          * internally, the "etc/" namespace protection is relaxed,
1163          * so do not emit a warning.
1164          */
1165     } else if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
1166         warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
1167                     "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
1168     }
1169     if (nonempty_str(str)) {
1170         size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
1171         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
1172     } else if (nonempty_str(gen_id)) {
1173         if (!fw_cfg_add_file_from_generator(fw_cfg, object_get_objects_root(),
1174                                             gen_id, name, errp)) {
1175             return -1;
1176         }
1177         return 0;
1178     } else {
1179         GError *err = NULL;
1180         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
1181             error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
1182             g_error_free(err);
1183             return -1;
1184         }
1185     }
1186     /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
1187     fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
1188     fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
1189     fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
1190     return 0;
1191 }
1192 
1193 static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1194 {
1195     return qdev_device_help(opts);
1196 }
1197 
1198 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1199 {
1200     DeviceState *dev;
1201 
1202     dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
1203     if (!dev && *errp) {
1204         error_report_err(*errp);
1205         return -1;
1206     } else if (dev) {
1207         object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
1208     }
1209     return 0;
1210 }
1211 
1212 static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1213 {
1214     Error *local_err = NULL;
1215 
1216     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
1217         if (local_err) {
1218             error_propagate(errp, local_err);
1219             return -1;
1220         }
1221         exit(0);
1222     }
1223     return 0;
1224 }
1225 
1226 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1227 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1228 {
1229     return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
1230 }
1231 #endif
1232 
1233 static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
1234 {
1235     return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
1236 }
1237 
1238 static void monitor_parse(const char *str, const char *mode, bool pretty)
1239 {
1240     static int monitor_device_index = 0;
1241     QemuOpts *opts;
1242     const char *p;
1243     char label[32];
1244 
1245     if (strstart(str, "chardev:", &p)) {
1246         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
1247     } else {
1248         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
1249                  monitor_device_index);
1250         opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, str, true);
1251         if (!opts) {
1252             error_report("parse error: %s", str);
1253             exit(1);
1254         }
1255     }
1256 
1257     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
1258     qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
1259     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
1260     if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
1261         qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
1262     } else {
1263         assert(pretty == false);
1264     }
1265     monitor_device_index++;
1266 }
1267 
1268 struct device_config {
1269     enum {
1270         DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
1271         DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
1272         DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
1273         DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
1274         DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
1275         DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
1276     } type;
1277     const char *cmdline;
1278     Location loc;
1279     QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
1280 };
1281 
1282 static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
1283     QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
1284 
1285 static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
1286 {
1287     struct device_config *conf;
1288 
1289     conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
1290     conf->type = type;
1291     conf->cmdline = cmdline;
1292     loc_save(&conf->loc);
1293     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
1294 }
1295 
1296 /**
1297  * foreach_device_config_or_exit(): process per-device configs
1298  * @type: device_config type
1299  * @func: device specific config function, returning pass/fail
1300  *
1301  * @func is called with the &error_fatal handler so device specific
1302  * error messages can be reported on failure.
1303  */
1304 static void foreach_device_config_or_exit(int type,
1305                                           bool (*func)(const char *cmdline,
1306                                                        Error **errp))
1307 {
1308     struct device_config *conf;
1309 
1310     QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
1311         if (conf->type != type)
1312             continue;
1313         loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
1314         func(conf->cmdline, &error_fatal);
1315         loc_pop(&conf->loc);
1316     }
1317 }
1318 
1319 static void qemu_disable_default_devices(void)
1320 {
1321     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1322 
1323     default_driver_check_json();
1324     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
1325                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1326     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
1327                       default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
1328 
1329     if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
1330         vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
1331         vga_interface_created = true;
1332     }
1333     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
1334         default_serial = 0;
1335     }
1336     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
1337         default_parallel = 0;
1338     }
1339     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
1340         default_floppy = 0;
1341     }
1342     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
1343         default_cdrom = 0;
1344     }
1345     if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
1346         default_sdcard = 0;
1347     }
1348     if (!has_defaults) {
1349         default_audio = 0;
1350         default_monitor = 0;
1351         default_net = 0;
1352         default_vga = 0;
1353     } else {
1354         if (default_net && machine_class->default_nic &&
1355             !module_object_class_by_name(machine_class->default_nic)) {
1356             warn_report("Default NIC '%s' is not available in this binary",
1357                         machine_class->default_nic);
1358             default_net = 0;
1359         }
1360     }
1361 }
1362 
1363 static void qemu_setup_display(void)
1364 {
1365     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
1366         if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
1367             dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1368 #if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
1369             vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default");
1370             display_remote++;
1371 #endif
1372         }
1373     }
1374     if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
1375         dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
1376     }
1377 
1378     qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
1379 }
1380 
1381 static void qemu_create_default_devices(void)
1382 {
1383     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1384     const char *vc = qemu_display_get_vc(&dpy);
1385 
1386     if (is_daemonized()) {
1387         /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
1388          * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
1389          * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
1390          * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
1391          * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
1392          * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
1393          * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
1394          * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
1395          */
1396         if (nographic
1397             && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
1398             error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
1399             exit(1);
1400         }
1401     }
1402 
1403     if (nographic) {
1404         if (default_parallel) {
1405             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
1406         }
1407         if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
1408             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
1409         } else {
1410             if (default_serial) {
1411                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
1412             }
1413             if (default_monitor) {
1414                 monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
1415             }
1416         }
1417     } else {
1418         if (default_serial) {
1419             add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, vc ?: "null");
1420         }
1421         if (default_parallel) {
1422             add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, vc ?: "null");
1423         }
1424         if (default_monitor && vc) {
1425             monitor_parse(vc, "readline", false);
1426         }
1427     }
1428 
1429     if (default_net) {
1430         QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
1431         qemu_opts_parse(net, "nic", true, &error_abort);
1432 #ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
1433         qemu_opts_parse(net, "user", true, &error_abort);
1434 #endif
1435     }
1436 
1437     /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
1438     if (default_vga) {
1439         vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
1440     }
1441     if (vga_model) {
1442         select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
1443     }
1444 }
1445 
1446 static bool serial_parse(const char *devname, Error **errp)
1447 {
1448     int index = num_serial_hds;
1449 
1450     serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
1451 
1452     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0) {
1453         /* Don't allocate a serial device for this index */
1454         serial_hds[index] = NULL;
1455     } else {
1456         char label[32];
1457         snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
1458 
1459         serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1460         if (!serial_hds[index]) {
1461             error_setg(errp, "could not connect serial device"
1462                        " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1463             return false;
1464         }
1465     }
1466     num_serial_hds++;
1467     return true;
1468 }
1469 
1470 Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
1471 {
1472     assert(i >= 0);
1473     if (i < num_serial_hds) {
1474         return serial_hds[i];
1475     }
1476     return NULL;
1477 }
1478 
1479 static bool parallel_parse(const char *devname, Error **errp)
1480 {
1481     static int index = 0;
1482     char label[32];
1483 
1484     if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
1485         return true;
1486     if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
1487         error_setg(errp, "too many parallel ports");
1488         return false;
1489     }
1490     snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
1491     parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
1492     if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
1493         error_setg(errp, "could not connect parallel device"
1494                    " to character backend '%s'", devname);
1495         return false;
1496     }
1497     index++;
1498     return true;
1499 }
1500 
1501 static bool debugcon_parse(const char *devname, Error **errp)
1502 {
1503     QemuOpts *opts;
1504 
1505     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
1506         error_setg(errp, "invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
1507         return false;
1508     }
1509     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
1510     if (!opts) {
1511         error_setg(errp, "already have a debugcon device");
1512         return false;
1513     }
1514     qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
1515     qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
1516     return true;
1517 }
1518 
1519 static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
1520 {
1521     const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
1522     int res;
1523 
1524     if (mc1->family == NULL) {
1525         if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1526             /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
1527              * in increasing order.
1528              */
1529             return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
1530                           object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
1531         }
1532 
1533         /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
1534         return 1;
1535     }
1536 
1537     if (mc2->family == NULL) {
1538         /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
1539         return -1;
1540     }
1541 
1542     /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
1543     res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
1544     if (res != 0) {
1545         return res;
1546     }
1547 
1548     /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
1549     return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
1550                   object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
1551 }
1552 
1553 static void machine_help_func(const QDict *qdict)
1554 {
1555     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = NULL;
1556     GSList *el;
1557     const char *type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1558 
1559     machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1560     if (type) {
1561         ObjectClass *machine_class = OBJECT_CLASS(find_machine(type, machines));
1562         if (machine_class) {
1563             type_print_class_properties(object_class_get_name(machine_class));
1564             return;
1565         }
1566     }
1567 
1568     printf("Supported machines are:\n");
1569     machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
1570     for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
1571         MachineClass *mc = el->data;
1572         if (mc->alias) {
1573             printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
1574         }
1575         printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
1576                mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
1577                mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
1578     }
1579 }
1580 
1581 static void
1582 machine_merge_property(const char *propname, QDict *prop, Error **errp)
1583 {
1584     QDict *opts;
1585 
1586     opts = qdict_new();
1587     /* Preserve the caller's reference to prop.  */
1588     qobject_ref(prop);
1589     qdict_put(opts, propname, prop);
1590     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, opts, errp);
1591     qobject_unref(opts);
1592 }
1593 
1594 static void
1595 machine_parse_property_opt(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *propname,
1596                            const char *arg)
1597 {
1598     QDict *prop = NULL;
1599     bool help = false;
1600 
1601     prop = keyval_parse(arg, opts_list->implied_opt_name, &help, &error_fatal);
1602     if (help) {
1603         qemu_opts_print_help(opts_list, true);
1604         exit(0);
1605     }
1606     machine_merge_property(propname, prop, &error_fatal);
1607     qobject_unref(prop);
1608 }
1609 
1610 static const char *pid_file;
1611 struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier {
1612     Notifier notifier;
1613     char *pid_file_realpath;
1614 };
1615 static struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
1616 
1617 static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
1618 {
1619     struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier *upn;
1620 
1621     upn = DO_UPCAST(struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier, notifier, n);
1622     unlink(upn->pid_file_realpath);
1623 }
1624 
1625 static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
1626                                     const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
1627 {
1628     const QEMUOption *popt;
1629     int optind = *poptind;
1630     char *r = argv[optind];
1631     const char *optarg;
1632 
1633     loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
1634     optind++;
1635     /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
1636     if (r[1] == '-')
1637         r++;
1638     popt = qemu_options;
1639     for(;;) {
1640         if (!popt->name) {
1641             error_report("invalid option");
1642             exit(1);
1643         }
1644         if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
1645             break;
1646         popt++;
1647     }
1648     if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
1649         if (optind >= argc) {
1650             error_report("requires an argument");
1651             exit(1);
1652         }
1653         optarg = argv[optind++];
1654         loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
1655     } else {
1656         optarg = NULL;
1657     }
1658 
1659     *poptarg = optarg;
1660     *poptind = optind;
1661 
1662     return popt;
1663 }
1664 
1665 static MachineClass *select_machine(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1666 {
1667     ERRP_GUARD();
1668     const char *machine_type = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "type");
1669     g_autoptr(GSList) machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
1670     MachineClass *machine_class = NULL;
1671 
1672     if (machine_type) {
1673         machine_class = find_machine(machine_type, machines);
1674         if (!machine_class) {
1675             error_setg(errp, "unsupported machine type: \"%s\"", machine_type);
1676         }
1677         qdict_del(qdict, "type");
1678     } else {
1679         machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
1680         if (!machine_class) {
1681             error_setg(errp, "No machine specified, and there is no default");
1682         }
1683     }
1684 
1685     if (!machine_class) {
1686         error_append_hint(errp,
1687                           "Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
1688     }
1689     return machine_class;
1690 }
1691 
1692 static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
1693                                      const char *name, const char *value,
1694                                      const char *skip, Error **errp)
1695 {
1696     if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
1697         return 0;
1698     }
1699 
1700     if (!object_property_parse(obj, name, value, errp)) {
1701         return -1;
1702     }
1703 
1704     return 0;
1705 }
1706 
1707 /* *Non*recursively replace underscores with dashes in QDict keys.  */
1708 static void keyval_dashify(QDict *qdict, Error **errp)
1709 {
1710     const QDictEntry *ent, *next;
1711     char *p;
1712 
1713     for (ent = qdict_first(qdict); ent; ent = next) {
1714         g_autofree char *new_key = NULL;
1715 
1716         next = qdict_next(qdict, ent);
1717         if (!strchr(ent->key, '_')) {
1718             continue;
1719         }
1720         new_key = g_strdup(ent->key);
1721         for (p = new_key; *p; p++) {
1722             if (*p == '_') {
1723                 *p = '-';
1724             }
1725         }
1726         if (qdict_haskey(qdict, new_key)) {
1727             error_setg(errp, "Conflict between '%s' and '%s'", ent->key, new_key);
1728             return;
1729         }
1730         qobject_ref(ent->value);
1731         qdict_put_obj(qdict, new_key, ent->value);
1732         qdict_del(qdict, ent->key);
1733     }
1734 }
1735 
1736 static void qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1737 {
1738     const char *value;
1739     QObject *prop;
1740 
1741     keyval_dashify(qdict, &error_fatal);
1742 
1743     /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
1744     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "accel");
1745     if (value) {
1746         accelerators = g_strdup(value);
1747         qdict_del(qdict, "accel");
1748     }
1749 
1750     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1751     if (value) {
1752         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), "igd-passthru", value,
1753                                    false);
1754         qdict_del(qdict, "igd-passthru");
1755     }
1756 
1757     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1758     if (value) {
1759         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kvm-shadow-mem", value,
1760                                    false);
1761         qdict_del(qdict, "kvm-shadow-mem");
1762     }
1763 
1764     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1765     if (value) {
1766         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1767                                    false);
1768         object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("whpx"), "kernel-irqchip", value,
1769                                    false);
1770         qdict_del(qdict, "kernel-irqchip");
1771     }
1772 
1773     value = qdict_get_try_str(qdict, "memory-backend");
1774     if (value) {
1775         if (mem_path) {
1776             error_report("'-mem-path' can't be used together with"
1777                          "'-machine memory-backend'");
1778             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
1779         }
1780 
1781         /* Resolved later.  */
1782         ram_memdev_id = g_strdup(value);
1783         qdict_del(qdict, "memory-backend");
1784     }
1785 
1786     prop = qdict_get(qdict, "memory");
1787     if (prop) {
1788         have_custom_ram_size =
1789             qobject_type(prop) == QTYPE_QDICT &&
1790             qdict_haskey(qobject_to(QDict, prop), "size");
1791     }
1792 }
1793 
1794 static void object_option_foreach_add(bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *))
1795 {
1796     ObjectOption *opt, *next;
1797 
1798     QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(opt, &object_opts, next, next) {
1799         const char *type = ObjectType_str(opt->opts->qom_type);
1800         if (type_opt_predicate(type)) {
1801             user_creatable_add_qapi(opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1802             qapi_free_ObjectOptions(opt->opts);
1803             QTAILQ_REMOVE(&object_opts, opt, next);
1804             g_free(opt);
1805         }
1806     }
1807 }
1808 
1809 static void object_option_add_visitor(Visitor *v)
1810 {
1811     ObjectOption *opt = g_new0(ObjectOption, 1);
1812     visit_type_ObjectOptions(v, NULL, &opt->opts, &error_fatal);
1813     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&object_opts, opt, next);
1814 }
1815 
1816 static void object_option_parse(const char *str)
1817 {
1818     QemuOpts *opts;
1819     const char *type;
1820     Visitor *v;
1821 
1822     if (str[0] == '{') {
1823         QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(str, &error_fatal);
1824 
1825         v = qobject_input_visitor_new(obj);
1826         qobject_unref(obj);
1827     } else {
1828         opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
1829                                        str, true);
1830         if (!opts) {
1831             exit(1);
1832         }
1833 
1834         type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
1835         if (!type) {
1836             error_report(QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "qom-type");
1837             exit(1);
1838         }
1839         if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
1840             exit(0);
1841         }
1842 
1843         v = opts_visitor_new(opts);
1844     }
1845 
1846     object_option_add_visitor(v);
1847     visit_free(v);
1848 }
1849 
1850 /*
1851  * Very early object creation, before the sandbox options have been activated.
1852  */
1853 static bool object_create_pre_sandbox(const char *type)
1854 {
1855     /*
1856      * Objects should in general not get initialized "too early" without
1857      * a reason. If you add one, state the reason in a comment!
1858      */
1859 
1860     /*
1861      * Reason: -sandbox on,resourcecontrol=deny disallows setting CPU
1862      * affinity of threads.
1863      */
1864     if (g_str_equal(type, "thread-context")) {
1865         return true;
1866     }
1867 
1868     return false;
1869 }
1870 
1871 /*
1872  * Initial object creation happens before all other
1873  * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
1874  * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
1875  * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
1876  * already existing.
1877  */
1878 static bool object_create_early(const char *type)
1879 {
1880     /*
1881      * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
1882      * add one, state the reason in a comment!
1883      */
1884 
1885     /* Reason: already created. */
1886     if (object_create_pre_sandbox(type)) {
1887         return false;
1888     }
1889 
1890     /* Reason: property "chardev" */
1891     if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd") ||
1892         g_str_equal(type, "qtest")) {
1893         return false;
1894     }
1895 
1896 #if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
1897     /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
1898     if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
1899         return false;
1900     }
1901 #endif
1902 
1903     /* Reason: vhost-user-blk-server property "node-name" */
1904     if (g_str_equal(type, "vhost-user-blk-server")) {
1905         return false;
1906     }
1907     /*
1908      * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
1909      */
1910     if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
1911         g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
1912         g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
1913         g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
1914         g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
1915         g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
1916         g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
1917         return false;
1918     }
1919 
1920     /*
1921      * Allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
1922      * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
1923      * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
1924      */
1925     if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
1926         return false;
1927     }
1928 
1929     return true;
1930 }
1931 
1932 static void qemu_apply_machine_options(QDict *qdict)
1933 {
1934     object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), qdict, false, &error_fatal);
1935 
1936     if (semihosting_enabled(false) && !semihosting_get_argc()) {
1937         /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
1938         semihosting_arg_fallback(current_machine->kernel_filename, current_machine->kernel_cmdline);
1939     }
1940 
1941     if (current_machine->smp.cpus > 1) {
1942         replay_add_blocker("multiple CPUs");
1943     }
1944 }
1945 
1946 static void qemu_create_early_backends(void)
1947 {
1948     MachineClass *machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
1949 #if defined(CONFIG_SDL)
1950     const bool use_sdl = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL);
1951 #else
1952     const bool use_sdl = false;
1953 #endif
1954 #if defined(CONFIG_GTK)
1955     const bool use_gtk = (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK);
1956 #else
1957     const bool use_gtk = false;
1958 #endif
1959 
1960     if (dpy.has_window_close && !use_gtk && !use_sdl) {
1961         error_report("window-close is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
1962                      "ignoring option");
1963     }
1964 
1965     qemu_console_early_init();
1966 
1967     if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAY_GL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
1968 #if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
1969         error_report("OpenGL is not supported by display backend '%s'",
1970                      DisplayType_str(dpy.type));
1971 #else
1972         error_report("OpenGL support was not enabled in this build of QEMU");
1973 #endif
1974         exit(1);
1975     }
1976 
1977     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_early);
1978 
1979     /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
1980     /* spice must initialize before audio as it changes the default audiodev */
1981     /* spice must initialize before chardevs (for spicevmc and spiceport) */
1982     qemu_spice.init();
1983 
1984     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
1985                       chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1986 
1987 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
1988     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
1989                       fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
1990 #endif
1991 
1992     /*
1993      * Note: we need to create audio and block backends before
1994      * setting machine properties, so they can be referred to.
1995      */
1996     configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
1997     audio_init_audiodevs();
1998     if (default_audio) {
1999         audio_create_default_audiodevs();
2000     }
2001 }
2002 
2003 
2004 /*
2005  * The remainder of object creation happens after the
2006  * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
2007  */
2008 static bool object_create_late(const char *type)
2009 {
2010     return !object_create_early(type) && !object_create_pre_sandbox(type);
2011 }
2012 
2013 static void qemu_create_late_backends(void)
2014 {
2015     if (qtest_chrdev) {
2016         qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
2017     }
2018 
2019     net_init_clients();
2020 
2021     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_late);
2022 
2023     /*
2024      * Wait for any outstanding memory prealloc from created memory
2025      * backends to complete.
2026      */
2027     if (!qemu_finish_async_prealloc_mem(&error_fatal)) {
2028         exit(1);
2029     }
2030 
2031     if (tpm_init() < 0) {
2032         exit(1);
2033     }
2034 
2035     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
2036                       mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2037 
2038     foreach_device_config_or_exit(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse);
2039     foreach_device_config_or_exit(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse);
2040     foreach_device_config_or_exit(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse);
2041 
2042     /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
2043     qemu_semihosting_chardev_init();
2044 }
2045 
2046 static void qemu_resolve_machine_memdev(void)
2047 {
2048     if (ram_memdev_id) {
2049         Object *backend;
2050         ram_addr_t backend_size;
2051 
2052         backend = object_resolve_path_type(ram_memdev_id,
2053                                            TYPE_MEMORY_BACKEND, NULL);
2054         if (!backend) {
2055             error_report("Memory backend '%s' not found", ram_memdev_id);
2056             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2057         }
2058         if (!have_custom_ram_size) {
2059             backend_size = object_property_get_uint(backend, "size",  &error_abort);
2060             current_machine->ram_size = backend_size;
2061         }
2062         object_property_set_link(OBJECT(current_machine),
2063                                  "memory-backend", backend, &error_fatal);
2064     }
2065 }
2066 
2067 static void parse_memory_options(void)
2068 {
2069     QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
2070     QDict *dict, *prop;
2071     const char *mem_str;
2072     Location loc;
2073 
2074     loc_push_none(&loc);
2075     qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
2076 
2077     prop = qdict_new();
2078 
2079     if (qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", 0) != 0) {
2080         /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
2081         mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
2082         if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
2083             g_autofree char *mib_str = g_strdup_printf("%sM", mem_str);
2084             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mib_str);
2085         } else {
2086             qdict_put_str(prop, "size", mem_str);
2087         }
2088     }
2089 
2090     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
2091         qdict_put_str(prop, "max-size", qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem"));
2092     }
2093     if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
2094         qdict_put_str(prop, "slots", qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots"));
2095     }
2096 
2097     dict = qdict_new();
2098     qdict_put(dict, "memory", prop);
2099     keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, &error_fatal);
2100     qobject_unref(dict);
2101     loc_pop(&loc);
2102 }
2103 
2104 static void qemu_create_machine_containers(Object *machine)
2105 {
2106     static const char *const containers[] = {
2107         "unattached",
2108         "peripheral",
2109         "peripheral-anon",
2110     };
2111 
2112     for (unsigned i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(containers); i++) {
2113         object_property_add_new_container(machine, containers[i]);
2114     }
2115 }
2116 
2117 static void qemu_create_machine(QDict *qdict)
2118 {
2119     MachineClass *machine_class = select_machine(qdict, &error_fatal);
2120     object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
2121 
2122     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
2123     object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
2124                               OBJECT(current_machine));
2125     qemu_create_machine_containers(OBJECT(current_machine));
2126     object_property_add_child(machine_get_container("unattached"),
2127                               "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()));
2128 
2129     if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
2130         if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
2131             /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
2132              * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
2133              */
2134             g_assert_not_reached();
2135         }
2136     }
2137 
2138     cpu_exec_init_all();
2139 
2140     if (machine_class->hw_version) {
2141         qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
2142     }
2143 
2144     /*
2145      * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
2146      * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
2147      */
2148     if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
2149         QDict *default_opts =
2150             keyval_parse(machine_class->default_machine_opts, NULL, NULL,
2151                          &error_abort);
2152         qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(default_opts);
2153         object_set_properties_from_keyval(OBJECT(current_machine), default_opts,
2154                                           false, &error_abort);
2155         qobject_unref(default_opts);
2156     }
2157 }
2158 
2159 static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2160 {
2161     GlobalProperty *g;
2162 
2163     g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
2164     g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
2165     g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
2166     g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
2167     qdev_prop_register_global(g);
2168     return 0;
2169 }
2170 
2171 /*
2172  * Return whether configuration group @group is stored in QemuOpts, or
2173  * recorded as one or more QDicts by qemu_record_config_group.
2174  */
2175 static bool is_qemuopts_group(const char *group)
2176 {
2177     if (g_str_equal(group, "object") ||
2178         g_str_equal(group, "audiodev") ||
2179         g_str_equal(group, "machine") ||
2180         g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts") ||
2181         g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2182         return false;
2183     }
2184     return true;
2185 }
2186 
2187 static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
2188                                      bool from_json, Error **errp)
2189 {
2190     if (g_str_equal(group, "object")) {
2191         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2192         object_option_add_visitor(v);
2193         visit_free(v);
2194 
2195     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "audiodev")) {
2196         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2197         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2198         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
2199             audio_define(dev);
2200         }
2201         visit_free(v);
2202 
2203     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "machine")) {
2204         /*
2205          * Cannot merge string-valued and type-safe dictionaries, so JSON
2206          * is not accepted yet for -M.
2207          */
2208         assert(!from_json);
2209         keyval_merge(machine_opts_dict, dict, errp);
2210     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "smp-opts")) {
2211         machine_merge_property("smp", dict, &error_fatal);
2212     } else if (g_str_equal(group, "boot-opts")) {
2213         machine_merge_property("boot", dict, &error_fatal);
2214     } else {
2215         abort();
2216     }
2217 }
2218 
2219 /*
2220  * Parse non-QemuOpts config file groups, pass the rest to
2221  * qemu_config_do_parse.
2222  */
2223 static void qemu_parse_config_group(const char *group, QDict *qdict,
2224                                     void *opaque, Error **errp)
2225 {
2226     QObject *crumpled;
2227     if (is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2228         qemu_config_do_parse(group, qdict, opaque, errp);
2229         return;
2230     }
2231 
2232     crumpled = qdict_crumple(qdict, errp);
2233     if (!crumpled) {
2234         return;
2235     }
2236     switch (qobject_type(crumpled)) {
2237     case QTYPE_QDICT:
2238         qemu_record_config_group(group, qobject_to(QDict, crumpled), false, errp);
2239         break;
2240     case QTYPE_QLIST:
2241         error_setg(errp, "Lists cannot be at top level of a configuration section");
2242         break;
2243     default:
2244         g_assert_not_reached();
2245     }
2246     qobject_unref(crumpled);
2247 }
2248 
2249 static void qemu_read_default_config_file(Error **errp)
2250 {
2251     ERRP_GUARD();
2252     int ret;
2253     g_autofree char *file = get_relocated_path(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
2254 
2255     ret = qemu_read_config_file(file, qemu_parse_config_group, errp);
2256     if (ret < 0) {
2257         if (ret == -ENOENT) {
2258             error_free(*errp);
2259             *errp = NULL;
2260         }
2261     }
2262 }
2263 
2264 static void qemu_set_option(const char *str, Error **errp)
2265 {
2266     char group[64], id[64], arg[64];
2267     QemuOptsList *list;
2268     QemuOpts *opts;
2269     int rc, offset;
2270 
2271     rc = sscanf(str, "%63[^.].%63[^.].%63[^=]%n", group, id, arg, &offset);
2272     if (rc < 3 || str[offset] != '=') {
2273         error_setg(errp, "can't parse: \"%s\"", str);
2274         return;
2275     }
2276 
2277     if (!is_qemuopts_group(group)) {
2278         error_setg(errp, "-set is not supported with %s", group);
2279     } else {
2280         list = qemu_find_opts_err(group, errp);
2281         if (list) {
2282             opts = qemu_opts_find(list, id);
2283             if (!opts) {
2284                 error_setg(errp, "there is no %s \"%s\" defined", group, id);
2285                 return;
2286             }
2287             qemu_opt_set(opts, arg, str + offset + 1, errp);
2288         }
2289     }
2290 }
2291 
2292 static void user_register_global_props(void)
2293 {
2294     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
2295                       global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
2296 }
2297 
2298 static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2299 {
2300     return !icount_configure(opts, errp);
2301 }
2302 
2303 static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
2304                                 const char *name, const char *value,
2305                                 Error **errp)
2306 {
2307     return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
2308 }
2309 
2310 static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2311 {
2312     bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
2313     const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
2314     AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
2315     AccelState *accel;
2316     int ret;
2317     bool qtest_with_kvm;
2318 
2319     if (!acc) {
2320         error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "accel");
2321         goto bad;
2322     }
2323 
2324     qtest_with_kvm = g_str_equal(acc, "kvm") && qtest_chrdev != NULL;
2325 
2326     if (!ac) {
2327         if (!qtest_with_kvm) {
2328             error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
2329         }
2330         goto bad;
2331     }
2332     accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
2333     object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
2334     qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
2335                      accel,
2336                      &error_fatal);
2337 
2338     ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
2339     if (ret < 0) {
2340         if (!qtest_with_kvm || ret != -ENOENT) {
2341             error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s", acc, strerror(-ret));
2342         }
2343         goto bad;
2344     }
2345 
2346     return 1;
2347 
2348 bad:
2349     *p_init_failed = true;
2350     return 0;
2351 }
2352 
2353 static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
2354 {
2355     bool init_failed = false;
2356 
2357     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
2358                       do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
2359 
2360     if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
2361         char **accel_list, **tmp;
2362 
2363         if (accelerators == NULL) {
2364             /* Select the default accelerator */
2365             bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
2366             bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
2367             bool have_hvf = accel_find("hvf");
2368 
2369             if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
2370                 if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
2371                     /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
2372                     accelerators = "kvm:tcg";
2373                 } else {
2374                     accelerators = "tcg:kvm";
2375                 }
2376             } else if (have_kvm) {
2377                 accelerators = "kvm";
2378             } else if (have_tcg) {
2379                 accelerators = "tcg";
2380             } else if (have_hvf) {
2381                 accelerators = "hvf";
2382             } else {
2383                 error_report("No accelerator selected and"
2384                              " no default accelerator available");
2385                 exit(1);
2386             }
2387         }
2388         accel_list = g_strsplit(accelerators, ":", 0);
2389 
2390         for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
2391             /*
2392              * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
2393              * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
2394              */
2395             if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
2396                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
2397             } else {
2398                 init_failed = true;
2399                 error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
2400             }
2401         }
2402         g_strfreev(accel_list);
2403     } else {
2404         if (accelerators != NULL) {
2405             error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
2406             exit(1);
2407         }
2408     }
2409 
2410     if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
2411                            do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
2412         if (!init_failed) {
2413             error_report("no accelerator found");
2414         }
2415         exit(1);
2416     }
2417 
2418     if (init_failed && !qtest_chrdev) {
2419         error_report("falling back to %s", current_accel_name());
2420     }
2421 
2422     if (icount_enabled() && !tcg_enabled()) {
2423         error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
2424         exit(1);
2425     }
2426 }
2427 
2428 static void qemu_validate_options(const QDict *machine_opts)
2429 {
2430     const char *kernel_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "kernel");
2431     const char *shim_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "shim");
2432     const char *initrd_filename = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "initrd");
2433     const char *kernel_cmdline = qdict_get_try_str(machine_opts, "append");
2434 
2435     if (kernel_filename == NULL) {
2436         if (kernel_cmdline != NULL) {
2437             error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
2438             exit(1);
2439         }
2440 
2441         if (shim_filename != NULL) {
2442             error_report("-shim only allowed with -kernel option");
2443             exit(1);
2444         }
2445 
2446         if (initrd_filename != NULL) {
2447             error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
2448             exit(1);
2449         }
2450     }
2451 
2452     if (loadvm && incoming) {
2453         error_report("'incoming' and 'loadvm' options are mutually exclusive");
2454         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2455     }
2456     if (loadvm && preconfig_requested) {
2457         error_report("'preconfig' and 'loadvm' options are "
2458                      "mutually exclusive");
2459         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2460     }
2461     if (incoming && preconfig_requested && strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2462         error_report("'preconfig' supports '-incoming defer' only");
2463         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
2464     }
2465 
2466 #ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
2467     if (is_daemonized() && dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
2468         error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
2469         exit(1);
2470     }
2471 #endif
2472 }
2473 
2474 static void qemu_process_sugar_options(void)
2475 {
2476     if (mem_prealloc) {
2477         QObject *smp = qdict_get(machine_opts_dict, "smp");
2478         if (smp && qobject_type(smp) == QTYPE_QDICT) {
2479             QObject *cpus = qdict_get(qobject_to(QDict, smp), "cpus");
2480             if (cpus && qobject_type(cpus) == QTYPE_QSTRING) {
2481                 const char *val = qstring_get_str(qobject_to(QString, cpus));
2482                 object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc-threads",
2483                                            val, false);
2484             }
2485         }
2486         object_register_sugar_prop("memory-backend", "prealloc", "on", false);
2487     }
2488 }
2489 
2490 /* -action processing */
2491 
2492 /*
2493  * Process all the -action parameters parsed from cmdline.
2494  */
2495 static int process_runstate_actions(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
2496 {
2497     Error *local_err = NULL;
2498     QDict *qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict(opts, NULL);
2499     QObject *ret = NULL;
2500     qmp_marshal_set_action(qdict, &ret, &local_err);
2501     qobject_unref(ret);
2502     qobject_unref(qdict);
2503     if (local_err) {
2504         error_propagate(errp, local_err);
2505         return 1;
2506     }
2507     return 0;
2508 }
2509 
2510 static void qemu_process_early_options(void)
2511 {
2512     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
2513                       parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
2514 
2515     object_option_foreach_add(object_create_pre_sandbox);
2516 
2517 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
2518     QemuOptsList *olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
2519     if (olist) {
2520         qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
2521     }
2522 #endif
2523 
2524     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("action"),
2525                           process_runstate_actions, NULL, &error_fatal)) {
2526         exit(1);
2527     }
2528 
2529 #ifndef _WIN32
2530     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2531                       parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2532 
2533     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
2534                       cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
2535 #endif
2536 
2537     /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.  */
2538     {
2539         int mask = 0;
2540         if (log_mask) {
2541             mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
2542             if (!mask) {
2543                 qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
2544                 exit(1);
2545             }
2546         }
2547         qemu_set_log_filename_flags(log_file, mask, &error_fatal);
2548     }
2549 
2550     qemu_add_default_firmwarepath();
2551 }
2552 
2553 static void qemu_process_help_options(void)
2554 {
2555     /*
2556      * Check for -cpu help and -device help before we call select_machine(),
2557      * which will return an error if the architecture has no default machine
2558      * type and the user did not specify one, so that the user doesn't need
2559      * to say '-cpu help -machine something'.
2560      */
2561     if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
2562         list_cpus();
2563         exit(0);
2564     }
2565 
2566     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2567                           device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
2568         exit(0);
2569     }
2570 
2571     /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
2572     if (list_data_dirs) {
2573         qemu_list_data_dirs();
2574         exit(0);
2575     }
2576 }
2577 
2578 static void qemu_maybe_daemonize(const char *pid_file)
2579 {
2580     Error *err = NULL;
2581 
2582     os_daemonize();
2583     rcu_disable_atfork();
2584 
2585     if (pid_file) {
2586         char *pid_file_realpath = NULL;
2587 
2588         if (!qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
2589             error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
2590             exit(1);
2591         }
2592 
2593         pid_file_realpath = g_malloc0(PATH_MAX);
2594         if (!realpath(pid_file, pid_file_realpath)) {
2595             if (errno != ENOENT) {
2596                 warn_report("not removing PID file on exit: cannot resolve PID "
2597                             "file path: %s: %s", pid_file, strerror(errno));
2598             }
2599             return;
2600         }
2601 
2602         qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier = (struct UnlinkPidfileNotifier) {
2603             .notifier = {
2604                 .notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile,
2605             },
2606             .pid_file_realpath = pid_file_realpath,
2607         };
2608         qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notifier);
2609     }
2610 }
2611 
2612 static void qemu_init_displays(void)
2613 {
2614     DisplayState *ds;
2615 
2616     /* init local displays */
2617     ds = init_displaystate();
2618     qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
2619 
2620     /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
2621     os_setup_signal_handling();
2622 
2623     /* init remote displays */
2624 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
2625     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
2626                       vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2627 #endif
2628 
2629     if (using_spice) {
2630         qemu_spice.display_init();
2631     }
2632 }
2633 
2634 static void qemu_init_board(void)
2635 {
2636     /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
2637     qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list, &error_fatal);
2638 
2639     /* From here on we enter MACHINE_PHASE_INITIALIZED.  */
2640     machine_run_board_init(current_machine, mem_path, &error_fatal);
2641 
2642     drive_check_orphaned();
2643 
2644     realtime_init();
2645 }
2646 
2647 static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
2648 {
2649     DeviceOption *opt;
2650 
2651     soundhw_init();
2652 
2653     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
2654                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
2655 
2656     /* init USB devices */
2657     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
2658         foreach_device_config_or_exit(DEV_USB, usb_parse);
2659     }
2660 
2661     /* init generic devices */
2662     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
2663     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
2664                       device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
2665     QTAILQ_FOREACH(opt, &device_opts, next) {
2666         QObject *ret_data = NULL;
2667 
2668         loc_push_restore(&opt->loc);
2669         qmp_device_add(opt->opts, &ret_data, &error_fatal);
2670         assert(ret_data == NULL); /* error_fatal aborts */
2671         loc_pop(&opt->loc);
2672     }
2673     rom_reset_order_override();
2674 }
2675 
2676 static bool qemu_machine_creation_done(Error **errp)
2677 {
2678     MachineState *machine = MACHINE(qdev_get_machine());
2679 
2680     /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
2681     drive_check_orphaned();
2682 
2683     /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
2684      * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
2685      * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
2686      * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
2687      * requested one
2688      * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
2689      * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
2690      */
2691     if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
2692         net_check_clients();
2693     }
2694 
2695     qdev_prop_check_globals();
2696 
2697     qdev_machine_creation_done();
2698 
2699     if (machine->cgs && !machine->cgs->ready) {
2700         error_setg(errp, "accelerator does not support confidential guest %s",
2701                    object_get_typename(OBJECT(machine->cgs)));
2702         exit(1);
2703     }
2704 
2705     foreach_device_config_or_exit(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start);
2706 
2707     if (!vga_interface_created && !default_vga &&
2708         vga_interface_type != VGA_NONE) {
2709         warn_report("A -vga option was passed but this machine "
2710                     "type does not use that option; "
2711                     "No VGA device has been created");
2712     }
2713     return true;
2714 }
2715 
2716 void qmp_x_exit_preconfig(Error **errp)
2717 {
2718     if (phase_check(PHASE_MACHINE_INITIALIZED)) {
2719         error_setg(errp, "The command is permitted only before machine initialization");
2720         return;
2721     }
2722 
2723     qemu_init_board();
2724     qemu_create_cli_devices();
2725     if (!qemu_machine_creation_done(errp)) {
2726         return;
2727     }
2728 
2729     if (loadvm) {
2730         RunState state = autostart ? RUN_STATE_RUNNING : runstate_get();
2731         load_snapshot(loadvm, NULL, false, NULL, &error_fatal);
2732         load_snapshot_resume(state);
2733     }
2734     if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
2735         replay_vmstate_init();
2736     }
2737 
2738     if (incoming) {
2739         Error *local_err = NULL;
2740         if (strcmp(incoming, "defer") != 0) {
2741             qmp_migrate_incoming(incoming, false, NULL, true, true,
2742                                  &local_err);
2743             if (local_err) {
2744                 error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
2745                 exit(1);
2746             }
2747         }
2748     } else if (autostart) {
2749         qmp_cont(NULL);
2750     }
2751 }
2752 
2753 void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
2754 {
2755     QemuOpts *opts;
2756     QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
2757     QemuOptsList *olist;
2758     int optind;
2759     const char *optarg;
2760     MachineClass *machine_class;
2761     bool userconfig = true;
2762     FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
2763 
2764     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2765     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
2766     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
2767     qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
2768     qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
2769     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
2770     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
2771     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
2772     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
2773     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
2774     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
2775     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
2776     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
2777     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
2778     qemu_plugin_add_opts();
2779     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
2780     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
2781     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
2782     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
2783     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
2784     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
2785     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
2786     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
2787     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
2788     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
2789     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
2790     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
2791     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
2792     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
2793     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
2794     qemu_add_opts(&qemu_action_opts);
2795     qemu_add_run_with_opts();
2796     module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
2797 
2798     error_init(argv[0]);
2799     qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
2800 
2801     os_setup_limits();
2802 
2803     qemu_init_arch_modules();
2804 
2805     qemu_init_subsystems();
2806 
2807     /* first pass of option parsing */
2808     optind = 1;
2809     while (optind < argc) {
2810         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2811             /* disk image */
2812             optind++;
2813         } else {
2814             const QEMUOption *popt;
2815 
2816             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2817             switch (popt->index) {
2818             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
2819                 userconfig = false;
2820                 break;
2821             }
2822         }
2823     }
2824 
2825     machine_opts_dict = qdict_new();
2826     if (userconfig) {
2827         qemu_read_default_config_file(&error_fatal);
2828     }
2829 
2830     /* second pass of option parsing */
2831     optind = 1;
2832     for(;;) {
2833         if (optind >= argc)
2834             break;
2835         if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
2836             loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
2837             drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
2838         } else {
2839             const QEMUOption *popt;
2840 
2841             popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
2842             if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
2843                 error_report("Option not supported for this target");
2844                 exit(1);
2845             }
2846             switch(popt->index) {
2847             case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
2848                 /* hw initialization will check this */
2849                 cpu_option = optarg;
2850                 break;
2851             case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
2852             case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
2853             case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
2854             case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
2855                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
2856                           HD_OPTS);
2857                 break;
2858             case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
2859                 {
2860                     Visitor *v;
2861                     BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
2862 
2863                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
2864                                                       &error_fatal);
2865 
2866                     bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
2867                     visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
2868                                                &error_fatal);
2869                     visit_free(v);
2870                     loc_save(&bdo->loc);
2871                     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
2872                     break;
2873                 }
2874             case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
2875                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("drive"),
2876                                                optarg, false);
2877                 if (opts == NULL) {
2878                     exit(1);
2879                 }
2880                 break;
2881             case QEMU_OPTION_set:
2882                 qemu_set_option(optarg, &error_fatal);
2883                 break;
2884             case QEMU_OPTION_global:
2885                 if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
2886                     exit(1);
2887                 break;
2888             case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
2889                 drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
2890                 break;
2891             case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
2892                 drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
2893                 break;
2894             case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
2895                 drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
2896                 break;
2897             case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
2898                 snapshot = 1;
2899                 replay_add_blocker("-snapshot");
2900                 break;
2901             case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
2902                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
2903                                                optarg, true);
2904                 if (!opts) {
2905                     exit(1);
2906                 }
2907                 break;
2908             case QEMU_OPTION_display:
2909                 parse_display(optarg);
2910                 break;
2911             case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
2912                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "graphics", "off");
2913                 nographic = true;
2914                 dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
2915                 break;
2916             case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
2917                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "kernel", optarg);
2918                 break;
2919             case QEMU_OPTION_shim:
2920                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "shim", optarg);
2921                 break;
2922             case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
2923                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "initrd", optarg);
2924                 break;
2925             case QEMU_OPTION_append:
2926                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "append", optarg);
2927                 break;
2928             case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
2929                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "dtb", optarg);
2930                 break;
2931             case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
2932                 drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
2933                 break;
2934             case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
2935                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), "boot", optarg);
2936                 break;
2937             case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
2938             case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
2939                 drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
2940                           optarg, FD_OPTS);
2941                 break;
2942             case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
2943                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "fd-bootchk", "off");
2944                 break;
2945             case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
2946                 default_net = 0;
2947                 if (netdev_is_modern(optarg)) {
2948                     netdev_parse_modern(optarg);
2949                 } else {
2950                     net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg);
2951                 }
2952                 break;
2953             case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
2954                 default_net = 0;
2955                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg);
2956                 break;
2957             case QEMU_OPTION_net:
2958                 default_net = 0;
2959                 net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg);
2960                 break;
2961 #ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
2962             case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
2963                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
2964                                                optarg, false);
2965                 if (!opts) {
2966                     exit(1);
2967                 }
2968                 break;
2969 #endif
2970             case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
2971                 default_audio = 0;
2972                 audio_parse_option(optarg);
2973                 break;
2974             case QEMU_OPTION_audio: {
2975                 bool help;
2976                 char *model = NULL;
2977                 Audiodev *dev = NULL;
2978                 Visitor *v;
2979                 QDict *dict = keyval_parse(optarg, "driver", &help, &error_fatal);
2980                 default_audio = 0;
2981                 if (help || (qdict_haskey(dict, "driver") &&
2982                              is_help_option(qdict_get_str(dict, "driver")))) {
2983                     audio_help();
2984                     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
2985                 }
2986                 if (!qdict_haskey(dict, "id")) {
2987                     qdict_put_str(dict, "id", "audiodev0");
2988                 }
2989                 if (qdict_haskey(dict, "model")) {
2990                     model = g_strdup(qdict_get_str(dict, "model"));
2991                     qdict_del(dict, "model");
2992                     if (is_help_option(model)) {
2993                         show_valid_soundhw();
2994                         exit(0);
2995                     }
2996                 }
2997                 v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
2998                 qobject_unref(dict);
2999                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
3000                 visit_free(v);
3001                 if (model) {
3002                     audio_define(dev);
3003                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
3004                     g_free(model);
3005                 } else {
3006                     audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
3007                 }
3008                 break;
3009             }
3010             case QEMU_OPTION_h:
3011                 help(0);
3012                 break;
3013             case QEMU_OPTION_version:
3014                 version();
3015                 exit(0);
3016                 break;
3017             case QEMU_OPTION_m:
3018                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"), optarg, true);
3019                 if (opts == NULL) {
3020                     exit(1);
3021                 }
3022                 break;
3023 #ifdef CONFIG_TPM
3024             case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
3025                 if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
3026                     exit(1);
3027                 }
3028                 break;
3029 #endif
3030             case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
3031                 mem_path = optarg;
3032                 break;
3033             case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
3034                 mem_prealloc = 1;
3035                 break;
3036             case QEMU_OPTION_d:
3037                 log_mask = optarg;
3038                 break;
3039             case QEMU_OPTION_D:
3040                 log_file = optarg;
3041                 break;
3042             case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
3043                 qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
3044                 break;
3045 #if defined(CONFIG_TCG) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3046             case QEMU_OPTION_perfmap:
3047                 perf_enable_perfmap();
3048                 break;
3049             case QEMU_OPTION_jitdump:
3050                 perf_enable_jitdump();
3051                 break;
3052 #endif
3053             case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
3054                 qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
3055                 break;
3056             case QEMU_OPTION_s:
3057                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
3058                 break;
3059             case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
3060                 add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
3061                 break;
3062             case QEMU_OPTION_L:
3063                 if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
3064                     list_data_dirs = true;
3065                 } else {
3066                     qemu_add_data_dir(g_strdup(optarg));
3067                 }
3068                 break;
3069             case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
3070                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "firmware", optarg);
3071                 break;
3072             case QEMU_OPTION_S:
3073                 autostart = 0;
3074                 break;
3075             case QEMU_OPTION_k:
3076                 keyboard_layout = optarg;
3077                 break;
3078             case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
3079                 vga_model = optarg;
3080                 default_vga = 0;
3081                 break;
3082             case QEMU_OPTION_g:
3083                 {
3084                     const char *p;
3085                     int w, h, depth;
3086                     p = optarg;
3087                     w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3088                     if (w <= 0) {
3089                     graphic_error:
3090                         error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
3091                         exit(1);
3092                     }
3093                     if (*p != 'x')
3094                         goto graphic_error;
3095                     p++;
3096                     h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3097                     if (h <= 0)
3098                         goto graphic_error;
3099                     if (*p == 'x') {
3100                         p++;
3101                         depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
3102                         if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
3103                             depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
3104                             depth != 24 && depth != 32)
3105                             goto graphic_error;
3106                     } else if (*p == '\0') {
3107                         depth = graphic_depth;
3108                     } else {
3109                         goto graphic_error;
3110                     }
3111 
3112                     graphic_width = w;
3113                     graphic_height = h;
3114                     graphic_depth = depth;
3115                 }
3116                 break;
3117             case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
3118                 {
3119                     char *r;
3120                     term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
3121                     if (r == optarg)
3122                         printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
3123                     break;
3124                 }
3125             case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
3126                 default_monitor = 0;
3127                 if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
3128                     monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
3129                 }
3130                 break;
3131             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
3132                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
3133                 default_monitor = 0;
3134                 break;
3135             case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
3136                 monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
3137                 default_monitor = 0;
3138                 break;
3139             case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
3140                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
3141                                                true);
3142                 if (!opts) {
3143                     exit(1);
3144                 }
3145                 default_monitor = 0;
3146                 break;
3147             case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
3148                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
3149                                                optarg, true);
3150                 if (!opts) {
3151                     exit(1);
3152                 }
3153                 break;
3154             case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
3155                 olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
3156                 if (!olist) {
3157                     error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
3158                     exit(1);
3159                 }
3160                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3161                 if (!opts) {
3162                     exit(1);
3163                 }
3164                 break;
3165             case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
3166                 QemuOpts *fsdev;
3167                 QemuOpts *device;
3168                 const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
3169                            *multidevs;
3170 
3171                 olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
3172                 if (!olist) {
3173                     error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
3174                     exit(1);
3175                 }
3176                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3177                 if (!opts) {
3178                     exit(1);
3179                 }
3180 
3181                 if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
3182                     qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
3183                     error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
3184                     exit(1);
3185                 }
3186                 fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
3187                                          qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
3188                                          qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
3189                                          1, NULL);
3190                 if (!fsdev) {
3191                     error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
3192                                  qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
3193                     exit(1);
3194                 }
3195 
3196                 writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
3197                 if (writeout) {
3198 #ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
3199                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
3200 #else
3201                     error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
3202                                  "on this platform");
3203                     exit(1);
3204 #endif
3205                 }
3206                 qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
3207                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
3208                 path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
3209                 if (path) {
3210                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
3211                 }
3212                 security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
3213                 if (security_model) {
3214                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
3215                                  &error_abort);
3216                 }
3217                 socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
3218                 if (socket) {
3219                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
3220                 }
3221                 sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
3222                 if (sock_fd) {
3223                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
3224                 }
3225 
3226                 qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
3227                                   qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
3228                                   &error_abort);
3229                 multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
3230                 if (multidevs) {
3231                     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
3232                 }
3233                 device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
3234                                           &error_abort);
3235                 qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
3236                 qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
3237                              qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
3238                 qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
3239                              qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
3240                 break;
3241             }
3242             case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
3243                 add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
3244                 default_serial = 0;
3245                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3246                     default_monitor = 0;
3247                 }
3248                 break;
3249             case QEMU_OPTION_action:
3250                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3251                 if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false)) {
3252                      exit(1);
3253                 }
3254                 break;
3255             case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action: {
3256                 opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("action"), NULL, 0, &error_abort);
3257                 qemu_opt_set(opts, "watchdog", optarg, &error_abort);
3258                 break;
3259             }
3260             case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
3261                 add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
3262                 default_parallel = 0;
3263                 if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
3264                     default_monitor = 0;
3265                 }
3266                 break;
3267             case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
3268                 add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
3269                 break;
3270             case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
3271                 loadvm = optarg;
3272                 break;
3273             case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
3274                 dpy.has_full_screen = true;
3275                 dpy.full_screen = true;
3276                 break;
3277             case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
3278                 pid_file = optarg;
3279                 break;
3280             case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
3281                 object_register_sugar_prop("ide-device", "win2k-install-hack", "true", true);
3282                 break;
3283             case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
3284                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
3285                                                optarg, true);
3286                 if (!opts) {
3287                     exit(1);
3288                 }
3289                 acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3290                 break;
3291             case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
3292                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
3293                                                optarg, false);
3294                 if (!opts) {
3295                     exit(1);
3296                 }
3297                 smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
3298                 break;
3299             case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
3300                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
3301                                                optarg, true);
3302                 if (opts == NULL) {
3303                     exit(1);
3304                 }
3305                 break;
3306             case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
3307                 preconfig_requested = true;
3308                 break;
3309             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
3310                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "accel", "kvm");
3311                 break;
3312             case QEMU_OPTION_M:
3313             case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
3314                 {
3315                     bool help;
3316 
3317                     keyval_parse_into(machine_opts_dict, optarg, "type", &help, &error_fatal);
3318                     if (help) {
3319                         machine_help_func(machine_opts_dict);
3320                         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3321                     }
3322                     break;
3323                 }
3324             case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
3325                 accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
3326                                                      optarg, true);
3327                 optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
3328                 if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
3329                     printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
3330                     GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
3331                                                                     false);
3332                     for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
3333                         gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
3334                                                    OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
3335                         /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
3336                         if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
3337                             g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
3338                             gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
3339                                                          ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
3340                             printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
3341                             g_strfreev(optname);
3342                         }
3343                         g_free(typename);
3344                     }
3345                     g_slist_free(accel_list);
3346                     exit(0);
3347                 }
3348                 break;
3349             case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
3350                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3351                 break;
3352             case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
3353                 qdict_put_str(machine_opts_dict, "usb", "on");
3354                 add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
3355                 break;
3356             case QEMU_OPTION_device:
3357                 if (optarg[0] == '{') {
3358                     QObject *obj = qobject_from_json(optarg, &error_fatal);
3359                     DeviceOption *opt = g_new0(DeviceOption, 1);
3360                     opt->opts = qobject_to(QDict, obj);
3361                     loc_save(&opt->loc);
3362                     assert(opt->opts != NULL);
3363                     QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_opts, opt, next);
3364                 } else {
3365                     if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
3366                                                  optarg, true)) {
3367                         exit(1);
3368                     }
3369                 }
3370                 break;
3371             case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
3372                 machine_parse_property_opt(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
3373                                            "smp", optarg);
3374                 break;
3375 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
3376             case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
3377                 vnc_parse(optarg);
3378                 display_remote++;
3379                 break;
3380 #endif
3381             case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
3382                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3383                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "reboot=shutdown", false);
3384                 break;
3385             case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
3386                 olist = qemu_find_opts("action");
3387                 qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "shutdown=pause", false);
3388                 break;
3389             case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
3390                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
3391                     error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
3392                     exit(1);
3393                 }
3394                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
3395                 break;
3396             case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
3397                 if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
3398                     error_report("too many option ROMs");
3399                     exit(1);
3400                 }
3401                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
3402                                                optarg, true);
3403                 if (!opts) {
3404                     exit(1);
3405                 }
3406                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
3407                 option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
3408                     qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
3409                 if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
3410                     error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
3411                     exit(1);
3412                 }
3413                 nb_option_roms++;
3414                 break;
3415             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
3416                 qemu_semihosting_enable();
3417                 break;
3418             case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
3419                 if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
3420                     exit(1);
3421                 }
3422                 break;
3423             case QEMU_OPTION_name:
3424                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
3425                                                optarg, true);
3426                 if (!opts) {
3427                     exit(1);
3428                 }
3429                 /* Capture guest name if -msg guest-name is used later */
3430                 error_guest_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
3431                 break;
3432             case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
3433                 if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
3434                     error_report("too many prom variables");
3435                     exit(1);
3436                 }
3437                 prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
3438                 nb_prom_envs++;
3439                 break;
3440             case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
3441                 old_param = 1;
3442                 break;
3443             case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
3444                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
3445                                                false);
3446                 if (!opts) {
3447                     exit(1);
3448                 }
3449                 break;
3450             case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
3451                 icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
3452                                                       optarg, true);
3453                 if (!icount_opts) {
3454                     exit(1);
3455                 }
3456                 break;
3457             case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
3458                 if (!incoming) {
3459                     runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
3460                 }
3461                 incoming = optarg;
3462                 break;
3463             case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
3464                 only_migratable = 1;
3465                 break;
3466             case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
3467                 has_defaults = 0;
3468                 break;
3469             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
3470                 if (!(accel_find("xen")) && !(accel_find("kvm"))) {
3471                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3472                     exit(1);
3473                 }
3474                 xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
3475                 break;
3476             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
3477                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3478                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3479                     exit(1);
3480                 }
3481                 xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
3482                 break;
3483             case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
3484                 if (!(accel_find("xen"))) {
3485                     error_report("Option not supported for this target");
3486                     exit(1);
3487                 }
3488                 xen_domid_restrict = true;
3489                 break;
3490             case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
3491                 trace_opt_parse(optarg);
3492                 break;
3493             case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
3494                 qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
3495                 break;
3496             case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
3497                 qemu_read_config_file(optarg, qemu_parse_config_group, &error_fatal);
3498                 break;
3499 #ifdef CONFIG_SPICE
3500             case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
3501                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("spice"), optarg, false);
3502                 if (!opts) {
3503                     exit(1);
3504                 }
3505                 display_remote++;
3506                 break;
3507 #endif
3508             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
3509                 qtest_chrdev = optarg;
3510                 break;
3511             case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
3512                 qtest_log = optarg;
3513                 break;
3514             case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
3515                 olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
3516                 if (!olist) {
3517 #ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
3518                     error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
3519                                  "in this QEMU binary");
3520 #endif
3521                     exit(1);
3522                 }
3523 
3524                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
3525                 if (!opts) {
3526                     exit(1);
3527                 }
3528                 break;
3529             case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
3530 #ifndef _WIN32
3531                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
3532                                                optarg, false);
3533                 if (!opts) {
3534                     exit(1);
3535                 }
3536 #else
3537                 error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
3538                              "platform");
3539                 exit(1);
3540 #endif
3541                 break;
3542             case QEMU_OPTION_object:
3543                 object_option_parse(optarg);
3544                 break;
3545             case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
3546                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
3547                                                optarg, false);
3548                 if (!opts) {
3549                     exit(1);
3550                 }
3551                 enable_mlock = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", enable_mlock);
3552                 enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", enable_cpu_pm);
3553                 break;
3554             case QEMU_OPTION_compat:
3555                 {
3556                     CompatPolicy *opts_policy;
3557                     Visitor *v;
3558 
3559                     v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, NULL,
3560                                                       &error_fatal);
3561 
3562                     visit_type_CompatPolicy(v, NULL, &opts_policy, &error_fatal);
3563                     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(CompatPolicy, &compat_policy, opts_policy);
3564 
3565                     qapi_free_CompatPolicy(opts_policy);
3566                     visit_free(v);
3567                     break;
3568                 }
3569             case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
3570                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
3571                                                false);
3572                 if (!opts) {
3573                     exit(1);
3574                 }
3575                 configure_msg(opts);
3576                 break;
3577             case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
3578                 if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3579                     error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
3580                                  "option may be given");
3581                     exit(1);
3582                 }
3583                 vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
3584                 if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
3585                     error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
3586                     exit(1);
3587                 }
3588                 break;
3589             case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
3590                 qsp_enable();
3591                 break;
3592             case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
3593                 /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
3594                 break;
3595 #if defined(CONFIG_POSIX)
3596             case QEMU_OPTION_daemonize:
3597                 os_set_daemonize(true);
3598                 break;
3599             case QEMU_OPTION_run_with: {
3600                 const char *str;
3601                 opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("run-with"),
3602                                                          optarg, false);
3603                 if (!opts) {
3604                     exit(1);
3605                 }
3606 #if defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
3607                 if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "async-teardown", false)) {
3608                     init_async_teardown();
3609                 }
3610 #endif
3611                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chroot");
3612                 if (str) {
3613                     os_set_chroot(str);
3614                 }
3615                 str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "user");
3616                 if (str) {
3617                     if (!os_set_runas(str)) {
3618                         error_report("User \"%s\" doesn't exist"
3619                                      " (and is not <uid>:<gid>)",
3620                                      optarg);
3621                         exit(1);
3622                     }
3623                 }
3624 
3625                 break;
3626             }
3627 #endif /* CONFIG_POSIX */
3628 
3629             default:
3630                 error_report("Option not supported in this build");
3631                 exit(1);
3632             }
3633         }
3634     }
3635     /*
3636      * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
3637      * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
3638      */
3639     loc_set_none();
3640 
3641     qemu_validate_options(machine_opts_dict);
3642     qemu_process_sugar_options();
3643 
3644     /*
3645      * These options affect everything else and should be processed
3646      * before daemonizing.
3647      */
3648     qemu_process_early_options();
3649 
3650     qemu_process_help_options();
3651     qemu_maybe_daemonize(pid_file);
3652 
3653     /*
3654      * The trace backend must be initialized after daemonizing.
3655      * trace_init_backends() will call st_init(), which will create the
3656      * trace thread in the parent, and also register st_flush_trace_buffer()
3657      * in atexit(). This function will force the parent to wait for the
3658      * writeout thread to finish, which will not occur, and the parent
3659      * process will be left in the host.
3660      */
3661     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
3662         exit(1);
3663     }
3664     trace_init_file();
3665 
3666     qemu_init_main_loop(&error_fatal);
3667     cpu_timers_init();
3668 
3669     user_register_global_props();
3670     replay_configure(icount_opts);
3671 
3672     configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
3673 
3674     /* Transfer QemuOpts options into machine options */
3675     parse_memory_options();
3676 
3677     qemu_create_machine(machine_opts_dict);
3678 
3679     suspend_mux_open();
3680 
3681     qemu_disable_default_devices();
3682     qemu_setup_display();
3683     qemu_create_default_devices();
3684     qemu_create_early_backends();
3685 
3686     qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3687     qemu_apply_machine_options(machine_opts_dict);
3688     qobject_unref(machine_opts_dict);
3689     phase_advance(PHASE_MACHINE_CREATED);
3690 
3691     /*
3692      * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
3693      * after qemu_apply_machine_options.
3694      */
3695     configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
3696     phase_advance(PHASE_ACCEL_CREATED);
3697 
3698     /*
3699      * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
3700      * compat properties.
3701      *
3702      * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
3703      * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
3704      * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
3705      * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
3706      * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
3707      * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
3708      *
3709      * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
3710      * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
3711      * called from do_configure_accelerator().
3712      */
3713 
3714     machine_class = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
3715     if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
3716         warn_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
3717                      machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
3718     }
3719 
3720     /*
3721      * Create backends before creating migration objects, so that it can
3722      * check against compatibilities on the backend memories (e.g. postcopy
3723      * over memory-backend-file objects).
3724      */
3725     qemu_create_late_backends();
3726     phase_advance(PHASE_LATE_BACKENDS_CREATED);
3727 
3728     /*
3729      * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
3730      * compat properties have been set up.
3731      */
3732     migration_object_init();
3733 
3734     /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
3735     current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class_default_cpu_type(machine_class);
3736     if (cpu_option) {
3737         current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
3738     }
3739     /* NB: for machine none cpu_type could STILL be NULL here! */
3740 
3741     qemu_resolve_machine_memdev();
3742     parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
3743 
3744     if (vmstate_dump_file) {
3745         /* dump and exit */
3746         module_load_qom_all();
3747         dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
3748         exit(0);
3749     }
3750 
3751     if (!preconfig_requested) {
3752         qmp_x_exit_preconfig(&error_fatal);
3753     }
3754     qemu_init_displays();
3755     accel_setup_post(current_machine);
3756     os_setup_post();
3757     resume_mux_open();
3758 }
3759