1HXCOMM Use DEFHEADING() to define headings in both help text and texi 2HXCOMM Text between STEXI and ETEXI are copied to texi version and 3HXCOMM discarded from C version 4HXCOMM DEF(option, HAS_ARG/0, opt_enum, opt_help, arch_mask) is used to 5HXCOMM construct option structures, enums and help message for specified 6HXCOMM architectures. 7HXCOMM HXCOMM can be used for comments, discarded from both texi and C 8 9DEFHEADING(Standard options:) 10STEXI 11@table @option 12ETEXI 13 14DEF("help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, 15 "-h or -help display this help and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 16STEXI 17@item -h 18@findex -h 19Display help and exit 20ETEXI 21 22DEF("version", 0, QEMU_OPTION_version, 23 "-version display version information and exit\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 24STEXI 25@item -version 26@findex -version 27Display version information and exit 28ETEXI 29 30DEF("machine", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_machine, \ 31 "-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 32 " selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)\n" 33 " property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator\n" 34 " supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg)\n" 35 " kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support\n" 36 " kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU\n" 37 " dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)\n" 38 " mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)\n", 39 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 40STEXI 41@item -machine [type=]@var{name}[,prop=@var{value}[,...]] 42@findex -machine 43Select the emulated machine by @var{name}. Use @code{-machine help} to list 44available machines. Supported machine properties are: 45@table @option 46@item accel=@var{accels1}[:@var{accels2}[:...]] 47This is used to enable an accelerator. Depending on the target architecture, 48kvm, xen, or tcg can be available. By default, tcg is used. If there is more 49than one accelerator specified, the next one is used if the previous one fails 50to initialize. 51@item kernel_irqchip=on|off 52Enables in-kernel irqchip support for the chosen accelerator when available. 53@item kvm_shadow_mem=size 54Defines the size of the KVM shadow MMU. 55@item dump-guest-core=on|off 56Include guest memory in a core dump. The default is on. 57@item mem-merge=on|off 58Enables or disables memory merge support. This feature, when supported by 59the host, de-duplicates identical memory pages among VMs instances 60(enabled by default). 61@end table 62ETEXI 63 64HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine 65DEF("M", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_M, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 66 67DEF("cpu", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cpu, 68 "-cpu cpu select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 69STEXI 70@item -cpu @var{model} 71@findex -cpu 72Select CPU model (@code{-cpu help} for list and additional feature selection) 73ETEXI 74 75DEF("smp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smp, 76 "-smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets]\n" 77 " set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]\n" 78 " maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including\n" 79 " offline CPUs for hotplug, etc\n" 80 " cores= number of CPU cores on one socket\n" 81 " threads= number of threads on one CPU core\n" 82 " sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system\n", 83 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 84STEXI 85@item -smp @var{n}[,cores=@var{cores}][,threads=@var{threads}][,sockets=@var{sockets}][,maxcpus=@var{maxcpus}] 86@findex -smp 87Simulate an SMP system with @var{n} CPUs. On the PC target, up to 255 88CPUs are supported. On Sparc32 target, Linux limits the number of usable CPUs 89to 4. 90For the PC target, the number of @var{cores} per socket, the number 91of @var{threads} per cores and the total number of @var{sockets} can be 92specified. Missing values will be computed. If any on the three values is 93given, the total number of CPUs @var{n} can be omitted. @var{maxcpus} 94specifies the maximum number of hotpluggable CPUs. 95ETEXI 96 97DEF("numa", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_numa, 98 "-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 99STEXI 100@item -numa @var{opts} 101@findex -numa 102Simulate a multi node NUMA system. If mem and cpus are omitted, resources 103are split equally. 104ETEXI 105 106DEF("fda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fda, 107 "-fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 108DEF("fdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 109STEXI 110@item -fda @var{file} 111@item -fdb @var{file} 112@findex -fda 113@findex -fdb 114Use @var{file} as floppy disk 0/1 image (@pxref{disk_images}). You can 115use the host floppy by using @file{/dev/fd0} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}). 116ETEXI 117 118DEF("hda", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hda, 119 "-hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 120DEF("hdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 121DEF("hdc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdc, 122 "-hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 123DEF("hdd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdd, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 124STEXI 125@item -hda @var{file} 126@item -hdb @var{file} 127@item -hdc @var{file} 128@item -hdd @var{file} 129@findex -hda 130@findex -hdb 131@findex -hdc 132@findex -hdd 133Use @var{file} as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image (@pxref{disk_images}). 134ETEXI 135 136DEF("cdrom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_cdrom, 137 "-cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)\n", 138 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 139STEXI 140@item -cdrom @var{file} 141@findex -cdrom 142Use @var{file} as CD-ROM image (you cannot use @option{-hdc} and 143@option{-cdrom} at the same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by 144using @file{/dev/cdrom} as filename (@pxref{host_drives}). 145ETEXI 146 147DEF("drive", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_drive, 148 "-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]\n" 149 " [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off]\n" 150 " [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]\n" 151 " [,serial=s][,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]\n" 152 " [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]\n" 153 " [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]][[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]\n" 154 " use 'file' as a drive image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 155STEXI 156@item -drive @var{option}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]] 157@findex -drive 158 159Define a new drive. Valid options are: 160 161@table @option 162@item file=@var{file} 163This option defines which disk image (@pxref{disk_images}) to use with 164this drive. If the filename contains comma, you must double it 165(for instance, "file=my,,file" to use file "my,file"). 166 167Special files such as iSCSI devices can be specified using protocol 168specific URLs. See the section for "Device URL Syntax" for more information. 169@item if=@var{interface} 170This option defines on which type on interface the drive is connected. 171Available types are: ide, scsi, sd, mtd, floppy, pflash, virtio. 172@item bus=@var{bus},unit=@var{unit} 173These options define where is connected the drive by defining the bus number and 174the unit id. 175@item index=@var{index} 176This option defines where is connected the drive by using an index in the list 177of available connectors of a given interface type. 178@item media=@var{media} 179This option defines the type of the media: disk or cdrom. 180@item cyls=@var{c},heads=@var{h},secs=@var{s}[,trans=@var{t}] 181These options have the same definition as they have in @option{-hdachs}. 182@item snapshot=@var{snapshot} 183@var{snapshot} is "on" or "off" and allows to enable snapshot for given drive (see @option{-snapshot}). 184@item cache=@var{cache} 185@var{cache} is "none", "writeback", "unsafe", "directsync" or "writethrough" and controls how the host cache is used to access block data. 186@item aio=@var{aio} 187@var{aio} is "threads", or "native" and selects between pthread based disk I/O and native Linux AIO. 188@item format=@var{format} 189Specify which disk @var{format} will be used rather than detecting 190the format. Can be used to specifiy format=raw to avoid interpreting 191an untrusted format header. 192@item serial=@var{serial} 193This option specifies the serial number to assign to the device. 194@item addr=@var{addr} 195Specify the controller's PCI address (if=virtio only). 196@item werror=@var{action},rerror=@var{action} 197Specify which @var{action} to take on write and read errors. Valid actions are: 198"ignore" (ignore the error and try to continue), "stop" (pause QEMU), 199"report" (report the error to the guest), "enospc" (pause QEMU only if the 200host disk is full; report the error to the guest otherwise). 201The default setting is @option{werror=enospc} and @option{rerror=report}. 202@item readonly 203Open drive @option{file} as read-only. Guest write attempts will fail. 204@item copy-on-read=@var{copy-on-read} 205@var{copy-on-read} is "on" or "off" and enables whether to copy read backing 206file sectors into the image file. 207@end table 208 209By default, the @option{cache=writeback} mode is used. It will report data 210writes as completed as soon as the data is present in the host page cache. 211This is safe as long as your guest OS makes sure to correctly flush disk caches 212where needed. If your guest OS does not handle volatile disk write caches 213correctly and your host crashes or loses power, then the guest may experience 214data corruption. 215 216For such guests, you should consider using @option{cache=writethrough}. This 217means that the host page cache will be used to read and write data, but write 218notification will be sent to the guest only after QEMU has made sure to flush 219each write to the disk. Be aware that this has a major impact on performance. 220 221The host page cache can be avoided entirely with @option{cache=none}. This will 222attempt to do disk IO directly to the guest's memory. QEMU may still perform 223an internal copy of the data. Note that this is considered a writeback mode and 224the guest OS must handle the disk write cache correctly in order to avoid data 225corruption on host crashes. 226 227The host page cache can be avoided while only sending write notifications to 228the guest when the data has been flushed to the disk using 229@option{cache=directsync}. 230 231In case you don't care about data integrity over host failures, use 232@option{cache=unsafe}. This option tells QEMU that it never needs to write any 233data to the disk but can instead keep things in cache. If anything goes wrong, 234like your host losing power, the disk storage getting disconnected accidentally, 235etc. your image will most probably be rendered unusable. When using 236the @option{-snapshot} option, unsafe caching is always used. 237 238Copy-on-read avoids accessing the same backing file sectors repeatedly and is 239useful when the backing file is over a slow network. By default copy-on-read 240is off. 241 242Instead of @option{-cdrom} you can use: 243@example 244qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=cdrom 245@end example 246 247Instead of @option{-hda}, @option{-hdb}, @option{-hdc}, @option{-hdd}, you can 248use: 249@example 250qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,media=disk 251qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,media=disk 252qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=2,media=disk 253qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=3,media=disk 254@end example 255 256You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set: 257@example 258qemu-system-i386 259-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" 260-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" 261-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk 262@end example 263 264You can connect a CDROM to the slave of ide0: 265@example 266qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom 267@end example 268 269If you don't specify the "file=" argument, you define an empty drive: 270@example 271qemu-system-i386 -drive if=ide,index=1,media=cdrom 272@end example 273 274You can connect a SCSI disk with unit ID 6 on the bus #0: 275@example 276qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,if=scsi,bus=0,unit=6 277@end example 278 279Instead of @option{-fda}, @option{-fdb}, you can use: 280@example 281qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=0,if=floppy 282qemu-system-i386 -drive file=file,index=1,if=floppy 283@end example 284 285By default, @var{interface} is "ide" and @var{index} is automatically 286incremented: 287@example 288qemu-system-i386 -drive file=a -drive file=b" 289@end example 290is interpreted like: 291@example 292qemu-system-i386 -hda a -hdb b 293@end example 294ETEXI 295 296DEF("add-fd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_add_fd, 297 "-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]\n" 298 " Add 'fd' to fd 'set'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 299STEXI 300@item -add-fd fd=@var{fd},set=@var{set}[,opaque=@var{opaque}] 301@findex -add-fd 302 303Add a file descriptor to an fd set. Valid options are: 304 305@table @option 306@item fd=@var{fd} 307This option defines the file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set. 308The file descriptor cannot be stdin, stdout, or stderr. 309@item set=@var{set} 310This option defines the ID of the fd set to add the file descriptor to. 311@item opaque=@var{opaque} 312This option defines a free-form string that can be used to describe @var{fd}. 313@end table 314 315You can open an image using pre-opened file descriptors from an fd set: 316@example 317qemu-system-i386 318-add-fd fd=3,set=2,opaque="rdwr:/path/to/file" 319-add-fd fd=4,set=2,opaque="rdonly:/path/to/file" 320-drive file=/dev/fdset/2,index=0,media=disk 321@end example 322ETEXI 323 324DEF("set", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_set, 325 "-set group.id.arg=value\n" 326 " set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>\n" 327 " i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 328STEXI 329@item -set 330@findex -set 331TODO 332ETEXI 333 334DEF("global", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_global, 335 "-global driver.prop=value\n" 336 " set a global default for a driver property\n", 337 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 338STEXI 339@item -global @var{driver}.@var{prop}=@var{value} 340@findex -global 341Set default value of @var{driver}'s property @var{prop} to @var{value}, e.g.: 342 343@example 344qemu-system-i386 -global ide-drive.physical_block_size=4096 -drive file=file,if=ide,index=0,media=disk 345@end example 346 347In particular, you can use this to set driver properties for devices which are 348created automatically by the machine model. To create a device which is not 349created automatically and set properties on it, use -@option{device}. 350ETEXI 351 352DEF("mtdblock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock, 353 "-mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image\n", 354 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 355STEXI 356@item -mtdblock @var{file} 357@findex -mtdblock 358Use @var{file} as on-board Flash memory image. 359ETEXI 360 361DEF("sd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sd, 362 "-sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 363STEXI 364@item -sd @var{file} 365@findex -sd 366Use @var{file} as SecureDigital card image. 367ETEXI 368 369DEF("pflash", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pflash, 370 "-pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 371STEXI 372@item -pflash @var{file} 373@findex -pflash 374Use @var{file} as a parallel flash image. 375ETEXI 376 377DEF("boot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_boot, 378 "-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]\n" 379 " [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time]\n" 380 " 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)\n" 381 " 'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on\n" 382 " 'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms\n" 383 " 'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms\n", 384 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 385STEXI 386@item -boot [order=@var{drives}][,once=@var{drives}][,menu=on|off][,splash=@var{sp_name}][,splash-time=@var{sp_time}][,reboot-timeout=@var{rb_timeout}] 387@findex -boot 388Specify boot order @var{drives} as a string of drive letters. Valid 389drive letters depend on the target achitecture. The x86 PC uses: a, b 390(floppy 1 and 2), c (first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM), n-p (Etherboot 391from network adapter 1-4), hard disk boot is the default. To apply a 392particular boot order only on the first startup, specify it via 393@option{once}. 394 395Interactive boot menus/prompts can be enabled via @option{menu=on} as far 396as firmware/BIOS supports them. The default is non-interactive boot. 397 398A splash picture could be passed to bios, enabling user to show it as logo, 399when option splash=@var{sp_name} is given and menu=on, If firmware/BIOS 400supports them. Currently Seabios for X86 system support it. 401limitation: The splash file could be a jpeg file or a BMP file in 24 BPP 402format(true color). The resolution should be supported by the SVGA mode, so 403the recommended is 320x240, 640x480, 800x640. 404 405A timeout could be passed to bios, guest will pause for @var{rb_timeout} ms 406when boot failed, then reboot. If @var{rb_timeout} is '-1', guest will not 407reboot, qemu passes '-1' to bios by default. Currently Seabios for X86 408system support it. 409 410@example 411# try to boot from network first, then from hard disk 412qemu-system-i386 -boot order=nc 413# boot from CD-ROM first, switch back to default order after reboot 414qemu-system-i386 -boot once=d 415# boot with a splash picture for 5 seconds. 416qemu-system-i386 -boot menu=on,splash=/root/boot.bmp,splash-time=5000 417@end example 418 419Note: The legacy format '-boot @var{drives}' is still supported but its 420use is discouraged as it may be removed from future versions. 421ETEXI 422 423DEF("snapshot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_snapshot, 424 "-snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files\n", 425 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 426STEXI 427@item -snapshot 428@findex -snapshot 429Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case, 430the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force 431the write back by pressing @key{C-a s} (@pxref{disk_images}). 432ETEXI 433 434DEF("m", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_m, 435 "-m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=" 436 stringify(DEFAULT_RAM_SIZE) "]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 437STEXI 438@item -m @var{megs} 439@findex -m 440Set virtual RAM size to @var{megs} megabytes. Default is 128 MiB. Optionally, 441a suffix of ``M'' or ``G'' can be used to signify a value in megabytes or 442gigabytes respectively. 443ETEXI 444 445DEF("mem-path", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mempath, 446 "-mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 447STEXI 448@item -mem-path @var{path} 449Allocate guest RAM from a temporarily created file in @var{path}. 450ETEXI 451 452#ifdef MAP_POPULATE 453DEF("mem-prealloc", 0, QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc, 454 "-mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)\n", 455 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 456STEXI 457@item -mem-prealloc 458Preallocate memory when using -mem-path. 459ETEXI 460#endif 461 462DEF("k", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_k, 463 "-k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)\n", 464 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 465STEXI 466@item -k @var{language} 467@findex -k 468Use keyboard layout @var{language} (for example @code{fr} for 469French). This option is only needed where it is not easy to get raw PC 470keycodes (e.g. on Macs, with some X11 servers or with a VNC 471display). You don't normally need to use it on PC/Linux or PC/Windows 472hosts. 473 474The available layouts are: 475@example 476ar de-ch es fo fr-ca hu ja mk no pt-br sv 477da en-gb et fr fr-ch is lt nl pl ru th 478de en-us fi fr-be hr it lv nl-be pt sl tr 479@end example 480 481The default is @code{en-us}. 482ETEXI 483 484 485DEF("audio-help", 0, QEMU_OPTION_audio_help, 486 "-audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options\n", 487 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 488STEXI 489@item -audio-help 490@findex -audio-help 491Will show the audio subsystem help: list of drivers, tunable 492parameters. 493ETEXI 494 495DEF("soundhw", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_soundhw, 496 "-soundhw c1,... enable audio support\n" 497 " and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)\n" 498 " use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards\n" 499 " use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 500STEXI 501@item -soundhw @var{card1}[,@var{card2},...] or -soundhw all 502@findex -soundhw 503Enable audio and selected sound hardware. Use 'help' to print all 504available sound hardware. 505 506@example 507qemu-system-i386 -soundhw sb16,adlib disk.img 508qemu-system-i386 -soundhw es1370 disk.img 509qemu-system-i386 -soundhw ac97 disk.img 510qemu-system-i386 -soundhw hda disk.img 511qemu-system-i386 -soundhw all disk.img 512qemu-system-i386 -soundhw help 513@end example 514 515Note that Linux's i810_audio OSS kernel (for AC97) module might 516require manually specifying clocking. 517 518@example 519modprobe i810_audio clocking=48000 520@end example 521ETEXI 522 523DEF("balloon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_balloon, 524 "-balloon none disable balloon device\n" 525 "-balloon virtio[,addr=str]\n" 526 " enable virtio balloon device (default)\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 527STEXI 528@item -balloon none 529@findex -balloon 530Disable balloon device. 531@item -balloon virtio[,addr=@var{addr}] 532Enable virtio balloon device (default), optionally with PCI address 533@var{addr}. 534ETEXI 535 536STEXI 537@end table 538ETEXI 539 540DEF("usb", 0, QEMU_OPTION_usb, 541 "-usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon)\n", 542 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 543STEXI 544USB options: 545@table @option 546 547@item -usb 548@findex -usb 549Enable the USB driver (will be the default soon) 550ETEXI 551 552DEF("usbdevice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice, 553 "-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'\n", 554 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 555STEXI 556 557@item -usbdevice @var{devname} 558@findex -usbdevice 559Add the USB device @var{devname}. @xref{usb_devices}. 560 561@table @option 562 563@item mouse 564Virtual Mouse. This will override the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated. 565 566@item tablet 567Pointer device that uses absolute coordinates (like a touchscreen). This 568means QEMU is able to report the mouse position without having to grab the 569mouse. Also overrides the PS/2 mouse emulation when activated. 570 571@item disk:[format=@var{format}]:@var{file} 572Mass storage device based on file. The optional @var{format} argument 573will be used rather than detecting the format. Can be used to specifiy 574@code{format=raw} to avoid interpreting an untrusted format header. 575 576@item host:@var{bus}.@var{addr} 577Pass through the host device identified by @var{bus}.@var{addr} (Linux only). 578 579@item host:@var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id} 580Pass through the host device identified by @var{vendor_id}:@var{product_id} 581(Linux only). 582 583@item serial:[vendorid=@var{vendor_id}][,productid=@var{product_id}]:@var{dev} 584Serial converter to host character device @var{dev}, see @code{-serial} for the 585available devices. 586 587@item braille 588Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real 589or fake device. 590 591@item net:@var{options} 592Network adapter that supports CDC ethernet and RNDIS protocols. 593 594@end table 595ETEXI 596 597DEF("device", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_device, 598 "-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]\n" 599 " add device (based on driver)\n" 600 " prop=value,... sets driver properties\n" 601 " use '-device help' to print all possible drivers\n" 602 " use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties\n", 603 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 604STEXI 605@item -device @var{driver}[,@var{prop}[=@var{value}][,...]] 606@findex -device 607Add device @var{driver}. @var{prop}=@var{value} sets driver 608properties. Valid properties depend on the driver. To get help on 609possible drivers and properties, use @code{-device help} and 610@code{-device @var{driver},help}. 611ETEXI 612 613DEFHEADING() 614 615DEFHEADING(File system options:) 616 617DEF("fsdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_fsdev, 618 "-fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}]\n" 619 " [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]\n", 620 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 621 622STEXI 623 624@item -fsdev @var{fsdriver},id=@var{id},path=@var{path},[security_model=@var{security_model}][,writeout=@var{writeout}][,readonly][,socket=@var{socket}|sock_fd=@var{sock_fd}] 625@findex -fsdev 626Define a new file system device. Valid options are: 627@table @option 628@item @var{fsdriver} 629This option specifies the fs driver backend to use. 630Currently "local", "handle" and "proxy" file system drivers are supported. 631@item id=@var{id} 632Specifies identifier for this device 633@item path=@var{path} 634Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files under 635this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest. 636@item security_model=@var{security_model} 637Specifies the security model to be used for this export path. 638Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", "mapped-file" and "none". 639In "passthrough" security model, files are stored using the same 640credentials as they are created on the guest. This requires QEMU 641to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" security model, some of the file 642attributes like uid, gid, mode bits and link target are stored as 643file attributes. For "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the 644hidden .virtfs_metadata directory. Directories exported by this security model cannot 645interact with other unix tools. "none" security model is same as 646passthrough except the sever won't report failures if it fails to 647set file attributes like ownership. Security model is mandatory 648only for local fsdriver. Other fsdrivers (like handle, proxy) don't take 649security model as a parameter. 650@item writeout=@var{writeout} 651This is an optional argument. The only supported value is "immediate". 652This means that host page cache will be used to read and write data but 653write notification will be sent to the guest only when the data has been 654reported as written by the storage subsystem. 655@item readonly 656Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By default 657read-write access is given. 658@item socket=@var{socket} 659Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for communicating 660with virtfs-proxy-helper 661@item sock_fd=@var{sock_fd} 662Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket descriptor for 663communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper. Usually a helper like libvirt 664will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as sock_fd 665@end table 666 667-fsdev option is used along with -device driver "virtio-9p-pci". 668@item -device virtio-9p-pci,fsdev=@var{id},mount_tag=@var{mount_tag} 669Options for virtio-9p-pci driver are: 670@table @option 671@item fsdev=@var{id} 672Specifies the id value specified along with -fsdev option 673@item mount_tag=@var{mount_tag} 674Specifies the tag name to be used by the guest to mount this export point 675@end table 676 677ETEXI 678 679DEFHEADING() 680 681DEFHEADING(Virtual File system pass-through options:) 682 683DEF("virtfs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs, 684 "-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none]\n" 685 " [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd]\n", 686 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 687 688STEXI 689 690@item -virtfs @var{fsdriver}[,path=@var{path}],mount_tag=@var{mount_tag}[,security_model=@var{security_model}][,writeout=@var{writeout}][,readonly][,socket=@var{socket}|sock_fd=@var{sock_fd}] 691@findex -virtfs 692 693The general form of a Virtual File system pass-through options are: 694@table @option 695@item @var{fsdriver} 696This option specifies the fs driver backend to use. 697Currently "local", "handle" and "proxy" file system drivers are supported. 698@item id=@var{id} 699Specifies identifier for this device 700@item path=@var{path} 701Specifies the export path for the file system device. Files under 702this path will be available to the 9p client on the guest. 703@item security_model=@var{security_model} 704Specifies the security model to be used for this export path. 705Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", "mapped-file" and "none". 706In "passthrough" security model, files are stored using the same 707credentials as they are created on the guest. This requires QEMU 708to run as root. In "mapped-xattr" security model, some of the file 709attributes like uid, gid, mode bits and link target are stored as 710file attributes. For "mapped-file" these attributes are stored in the 711hidden .virtfs_metadata directory. Directories exported by this security model cannot 712interact with other unix tools. "none" security model is same as 713passthrough except the sever won't report failures if it fails to 714set file attributes like ownership. Security model is mandatory only 715for local fsdriver. Other fsdrivers (like handle, proxy) don't take security 716model as a parameter. 717@item writeout=@var{writeout} 718This is an optional argument. The only supported value is "immediate". 719This means that host page cache will be used to read and write data but 720write notification will be sent to the guest only when the data has been 721reported as written by the storage subsystem. 722@item readonly 723Enables exporting 9p share as a readonly mount for guests. By default 724read-write access is given. 725@item socket=@var{socket} 726Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed socket file for 727communicating with virtfs-proxy-helper. Usually a helper like libvirt 728will create socketpair and pass one of the fds as sock_fd 729@item sock_fd 730Enables proxy filesystem driver to use passed 'sock_fd' as the socket 731descriptor for interfacing with virtfs-proxy-helper 732@end table 733ETEXI 734 735DEF("virtfs_synth", 0, QEMU_OPTION_virtfs_synth, 736 "-virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image\n", 737 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 738STEXI 739@item -virtfs_synth 740@findex -virtfs_synth 741Create synthetic file system image 742ETEXI 743 744DEFHEADING() 745 746DEF("name", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_name, 747 "-name string1[,process=string2]\n" 748 " set the name of the guest\n" 749 " string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux)\n", 750 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 751STEXI 752@item -name @var{name} 753@findex -name 754Sets the @var{name} of the guest. 755This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption. 756The @var{name} will also be used for the VNC server. 757Also optionally set the top visible process name in Linux. 758ETEXI 759 760DEF("uuid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_uuid, 761 "-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x\n" 762 " specify machine UUID\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 763STEXI 764@item -uuid @var{uuid} 765@findex -uuid 766Set system UUID. 767ETEXI 768 769STEXI 770@end table 771ETEXI 772 773DEFHEADING() 774 775DEFHEADING(Display options:) 776 777STEXI 778@table @option 779ETEXI 780 781DEF("display", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_display, 782 "-display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off]\n" 783 " [,window_close=on|off]|curses|none|\n" 784 " vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]\n" 785 " select display type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 786STEXI 787@item -display @var{type} 788@findex -display 789Select type of display to use. This option is a replacement for the 790old style -sdl/-curses/... options. Valid values for @var{type} are 791@table @option 792@item sdl 793Display video output via SDL (usually in a separate graphics 794window; see the SDL documentation for other possibilities). 795@item curses 796Display video output via curses. For graphics device models which 797support a text mode, QEMU can display this output using a 798curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed when the graphics 799device is in graphical mode or if the graphics device does not support 800a text mode. Generally only the VGA device models support text mode. 801@item none 802Do not display video output. The guest will still see an emulated 803graphics card, but its output will not be displayed to the QEMU 804user. This option differs from the -nographic option in that it 805only affects what is done with video output; -nographic also changes 806the destination of the serial and parallel port data. 807@item vnc 808Start a VNC server on display <arg> 809@end table 810ETEXI 811 812DEF("nographic", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nographic, 813 "-nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console\n", 814 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 815STEXI 816@item -nographic 817@findex -nographic 818Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, 819you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple 820command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on 821the console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel 822with a serial console. 823ETEXI 824 825DEF("curses", 0, QEMU_OPTION_curses, 826 "-curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL\n", 827 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 828STEXI 829@item -curses 830@findex curses 831Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, 832QEMU can display the VGA output when in text mode using a 833curses/ncurses interface. Nothing is displayed in graphical mode. 834ETEXI 835 836DEF("no-frame", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_frame, 837 "-no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations\n", 838 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 839STEXI 840@item -no-frame 841@findex -no-frame 842Do not use decorations for SDL windows and start them using the whole 843available screen space. This makes the using QEMU in a dedicated desktop 844workspace more convenient. 845ETEXI 846 847DEF("alt-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab, 848 "-alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n", 849 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 850STEXI 851@item -alt-grab 852@findex -alt-grab 853Use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). Note that this also 854affects the special keys (for fullscreen, monitor-mode switching, etc). 855ETEXI 856 857DEF("ctrl-grab", 0, QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab, 858 "-ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)\n", 859 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 860STEXI 861@item -ctrl-grab 862@findex -ctrl-grab 863Use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt). Note that this also 864affects the special keys (for fullscreen, monitor-mode switching, etc). 865ETEXI 866 867DEF("no-quit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_quit, 868 "-no-quit disable SDL window close capability\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 869STEXI 870@item -no-quit 871@findex -no-quit 872Disable SDL window close capability. 873ETEXI 874 875DEF("sdl", 0, QEMU_OPTION_sdl, 876 "-sdl enable SDL\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 877STEXI 878@item -sdl 879@findex -sdl 880Enable SDL. 881ETEXI 882 883DEF("spice", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_spice, 884 "-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]\n" 885 " [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]\n" 886 " [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]\n" 887 " [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6]\n" 888 " [,tls-ciphers=<list>]\n" 889 " [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n" 890 " [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]\n" 891 " [,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]\n" 892 " [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]\n" 893 " [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n" 894 " [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]\n" 895 " [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]\n" 896 " [,agent-mouse=[on|off]][,playback-compression=[on|off]]\n" 897 " [,seamless-migration=[on|off]]\n" 898 " enable spice\n" 899 " at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory\n", 900 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 901STEXI 902@item -spice @var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]] 903@findex -spice 904Enable the spice remote desktop protocol. Valid options are 905 906@table @option 907 908@item port=<nr> 909Set the TCP port spice is listening on for plaintext channels. 910 911@item addr=<addr> 912Set the IP address spice is listening on. Default is any address. 913 914@item ipv4 915@item ipv6 916Force using the specified IP version. 917 918@item password=<secret> 919Set the password you need to authenticate. 920 921@item sasl 922Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the spice. 923The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the 924system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This 925is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an 926unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used 927to make it search alternate locations for the service config. 928While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), 929it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and 930'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This 931ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication 932credentials. 933 934@item disable-ticketing 935Allow client connects without authentication. 936 937@item disable-copy-paste 938Disable copy paste between the client and the guest. 939 940@item tls-port=<nr> 941Set the TCP port spice is listening on for encrypted channels. 942 943@item x509-dir=<dir> 944Set the x509 file directory. Expects same filenames as -vnc $display,x509=$dir 945 946@item x509-key-file=<file> 947@item x509-key-password=<file> 948@item x509-cert-file=<file> 949@item x509-cacert-file=<file> 950@item x509-dh-key-file=<file> 951The x509 file names can also be configured individually. 952 953@item tls-ciphers=<list> 954Specify which ciphers to use. 955 956@item tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback] 957@item plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback] 958Force specific channel to be used with or without TLS encryption. The 959options can be specified multiple times to configure multiple 960channels. The special name "default" can be used to set the default 961mode. For channels which are not explicitly forced into one mode the 962spice client is allowed to pick tls/plaintext as he pleases. 963 964@item image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off] 965Configure image compression (lossless). 966Default is auto_glz. 967 968@item jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always] 969@item zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always] 970Configure wan image compression (lossy for slow links). 971Default is auto. 972 973@item streaming-video=[off|all|filter] 974Configure video stream detection. Default is filter. 975 976@item agent-mouse=[on|off] 977Enable/disable passing mouse events via vdagent. Default is on. 978 979@item playback-compression=[on|off] 980Enable/disable audio stream compression (using celt 0.5.1). Default is on. 981 982@item seamless-migration=[on|off] 983Enable/disable spice seamless migration. Default is off. 984 985@end table 986ETEXI 987 988DEF("portrait", 0, QEMU_OPTION_portrait, 989 "-portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)\n", 990 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 991STEXI 992@item -portrait 993@findex -portrait 994Rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD). 995ETEXI 996 997DEF("rotate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rotate, 998 "-rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)\n", 999 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1000STEXI 1001@item -rotate 1002@findex -rotate 1003Rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD). 1004ETEXI 1005 1006DEF("vga", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vga, 1007 "-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|none]\n" 1008 " select video card type\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1009STEXI 1010@item -vga @var{type} 1011@findex -vga 1012Select type of VGA card to emulate. Valid values for @var{type} are 1013@table @option 1014@item cirrus 1015Cirrus Logic GD5446 Video card. All Windows versions starting from 1016Windows 95 should recognize and use this graphic card. For optimal 1017performances, use 16 bit color depth in the guest and the host OS. 1018(This one is the default) 1019@item std 1020Standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions. If your guest OS 1021supports the VESA 2.0 VBE extensions (e.g. Windows XP) and if you want 1022to use high resolution modes (>= 1280x1024x16) then you should use 1023this option. 1024@item vmware 1025VMWare SVGA-II compatible adapter. Use it if you have sufficiently 1026recent XFree86/XOrg server or Windows guest with a driver for this 1027card. 1028@item qxl 1029QXL paravirtual graphic card. It is VGA compatible (including VESA 10302.0 VBE support). Works best with qxl guest drivers installed though. 1031Recommended choice when using the spice protocol. 1032@item none 1033Disable VGA card. 1034@end table 1035ETEXI 1036 1037DEF("full-screen", 0, QEMU_OPTION_full_screen, 1038 "-full-screen start in full screen\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1039STEXI 1040@item -full-screen 1041@findex -full-screen 1042Start in full screen. 1043ETEXI 1044 1045DEF("g", 1, QEMU_OPTION_g , 1046 "-g WxH[xDEPTH] Set the initial graphical resolution and depth\n", 1047 QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC) 1048STEXI 1049@item -g @var{width}x@var{height}[x@var{depth}] 1050@findex -g 1051Set the initial graphical resolution and depth (PPC, SPARC only). 1052ETEXI 1053 1054DEF("vnc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_vnc , 1055 "-vnc display start a VNC server on display\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1056STEXI 1057@item -vnc @var{display}[,@var{option}[,@var{option}[,...]]] 1058@findex -vnc 1059Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option, 1060you can have QEMU listen on VNC display @var{display} and redirect the VGA 1061display over the VNC session. It is very useful to enable the usb 1062tablet device when using this option (option @option{-usbdevice 1063tablet}). When using the VNC display, you must use the @option{-k} 1064parameter to set the keyboard layout if you are not using en-us. Valid 1065syntax for the @var{display} is 1066 1067@table @option 1068 1069@item @var{host}:@var{d} 1070 1071TCP connections will only be allowed from @var{host} on display @var{d}. 1072By convention the TCP port is 5900+@var{d}. Optionally, @var{host} can 1073be omitted in which case the server will accept connections from any host. 1074 1075@item unix:@var{path} 1076 1077Connections will be allowed over UNIX domain sockets where @var{path} is the 1078location of a unix socket to listen for connections on. 1079 1080@item none 1081 1082VNC is initialized but not started. The monitor @code{change} command 1083can be used to later start the VNC server. 1084 1085@end table 1086 1087Following the @var{display} value there may be one or more @var{option} flags 1088separated by commas. Valid options are 1089 1090@table @option 1091 1092@item reverse 1093 1094Connect to a listening VNC client via a ``reverse'' connection. The 1095client is specified by the @var{display}. For reverse network 1096connections (@var{host}:@var{d},@code{reverse}), the @var{d} argument 1097is a TCP port number, not a display number. 1098 1099@item websocket 1100 1101Opens an additional TCP listening port dedicated to VNC Websocket connections. 1102By defintion the Websocket port is 5700+@var{display}. If @var{host} is 1103specified connections will only be allowed from this host. 1104As an alternative the Websocket port could be specified by using 1105@code{websocket}=@var{port}. 1106 1107@item password 1108 1109Require that password based authentication is used for client connections. 1110 1111The password must be set separately using the @code{set_password} command in 1112the @ref{pcsys_monitor}. The syntax to change your password is: 1113@code{set_password <protocol> <password>} where <protocol> could be either 1114"vnc" or "spice". 1115 1116If you would like to change <protocol> password expiration, you should use 1117@code{expire_password <protocol> <expiration-time>} where expiration time could 1118be one of the following options: now, never, +seconds or UNIX time of 1119expiration, e.g. +60 to make password expire in 60 seconds, or 1335196800 1120to make password expire on "Mon Apr 23 12:00:00 EDT 2012" (UNIX time for this 1121date and time). 1122 1123You can also use keywords "now" or "never" for the expiration time to 1124allow <protocol> password to expire immediately or never expire. 1125 1126@item tls 1127 1128Require that client use TLS when communicating with the VNC server. This 1129uses anonymous TLS credentials so is susceptible to a man-in-the-middle 1130attack. It is recommended that this option be combined with either the 1131@option{x509} or @option{x509verify} options. 1132 1133@item x509=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir} 1134 1135Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used 1136for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate 1137to the client. It is recommended that a password be set on the VNC server 1138to provide authentication of the client when this is used. The path following 1139this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to be loaded from. 1140See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating certificates. 1141 1142@item x509verify=@var{/path/to/certificate/dir} 1143 1144Valid if @option{tls} is specified. Require that x509 credentials are used 1145for negotiating the TLS session. The server will send its x509 certificate 1146to the client, and request that the client send its own x509 certificate. 1147The server will validate the client's certificate against the CA certificate, 1148and reject clients when validation fails. If the certificate authority is 1149trusted, this is a sufficient authentication mechanism. You may still wish 1150to set a password on the VNC server as a second authentication layer. The 1151path following this option specifies where the x509 certificates are to 1152be loaded from. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on generating 1153certificates. 1154 1155@item sasl 1156 1157Require that the client use SASL to authenticate with the VNC server. 1158The exact choice of authentication method used is controlled from the 1159system / user's SASL configuration file for the 'qemu' service. This 1160is typically found in /etc/sasl2/qemu.conf. If running QEMU as an 1161unprivileged user, an environment variable SASL_CONF_PATH can be used 1162to make it search alternate locations for the service config. 1163While some SASL auth methods can also provide data encryption (eg GSSAPI), 1164it is recommended that SASL always be combined with the 'tls' and 1165'x509' settings to enable use of SSL and server certificates. This 1166ensures a data encryption preventing compromise of authentication 1167credentials. See the @ref{vnc_security} section for details on using 1168SASL authentication. 1169 1170@item acl 1171 1172Turn on access control lists for checking of the x509 client certificate 1173and SASL party. For x509 certs, the ACL check is made against the 1174certificate's distinguished name. This is something that looks like 1175@code{C=GB,O=ACME,L=Boston,CN=bob}. For SASL party, the ACL check is 1176made against the username, which depending on the SASL plugin, may 1177include a realm component, eg @code{bob} or @code{bob@@EXAMPLE.COM}. 1178When the @option{acl} flag is set, the initial access list will be 1179empty, with a @code{deny} policy. Thus no one will be allowed to 1180use the VNC server until the ACLs have been loaded. This can be 1181achieved using the @code{acl} monitor command. 1182 1183@item lossy 1184 1185Enable lossy compression methods (gradient, JPEG, ...). If this 1186option is set, VNC client may receive lossy framebuffer updates 1187depending on its encoding settings. Enabling this option can save 1188a lot of bandwidth at the expense of quality. 1189 1190@item non-adaptive 1191 1192Disable adaptive encodings. Adaptive encodings are enabled by default. 1193An adaptive encoding will try to detect frequently updated screen regions, 1194and send updates in these regions using a lossy encoding (like JPEG). 1195This can be really helpful to save bandwidth when playing videos. Disabling 1196adaptive encodings allows to restore the original static behavior of encodings 1197like Tight. 1198 1199@item share=[allow-exclusive|force-shared|ignore] 1200 1201Set display sharing policy. 'allow-exclusive' allows clients to ask 1202for exclusive access. As suggested by the rfb spec this is 1203implemented by dropping other connections. Connecting multiple 1204clients in parallel requires all clients asking for a shared session 1205(vncviewer: -shared switch). This is the default. 'force-shared' 1206disables exclusive client access. Useful for shared desktop sessions, 1207where you don't want someone forgetting specify -shared disconnect 1208everybody else. 'ignore' completely ignores the shared flag and 1209allows everybody connect unconditionally. Doesn't conform to the rfb 1210spec but is traditional QEMU behavior. 1211 1212@end table 1213ETEXI 1214 1215STEXI 1216@end table 1217ETEXI 1218 1219ARCHHEADING(, QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1220 1221ARCHHEADING(i386 target only:, QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1222STEXI 1223@table @option 1224ETEXI 1225 1226DEF("win2k-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack, 1227 "-win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug\n", 1228 QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1229STEXI 1230@item -win2k-hack 1231@findex -win2k-hack 1232Use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug. After 1233Windows 2000 is installed, you no longer need this option (this option 1234slows down the IDE transfers). 1235ETEXI 1236 1237HXCOMM Deprecated by -rtc 1238DEF("rtc-td-hack", 0, QEMU_OPTION_rtc_td_hack, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1239 1240DEF("no-fd-bootchk", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk, 1241 "-no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks\n", 1242 QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1243STEXI 1244@item -no-fd-bootchk 1245@findex -no-fd-bootchk 1246Disable boot signature checking for floppy disks in Bochs BIOS. It may 1247be needed to boot from old floppy disks. 1248TODO: check reference to Bochs BIOS. 1249ETEXI 1250 1251DEF("no-acpi", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi, 1252 "-no-acpi disable ACPI\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1253STEXI 1254@item -no-acpi 1255@findex -no-acpi 1256Disable ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) support. Use 1257it if your guest OS complains about ACPI problems (PC target machine 1258only). 1259ETEXI 1260 1261DEF("no-hpet", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet, 1262 "-no-hpet disable HPET\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1263STEXI 1264@item -no-hpet 1265@findex -no-hpet 1266Disable HPET support. 1267ETEXI 1268 1269DEF("acpitable", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_acpitable, 1270 "-acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...]\n" 1271 " ACPI table description\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1272STEXI 1273@item -acpitable [sig=@var{str}][,rev=@var{n}][,oem_id=@var{str}][,oem_table_id=@var{str}][,oem_rev=@var{n}] [,asl_compiler_id=@var{str}][,asl_compiler_rev=@var{n}][,data=@var{file1}[:@var{file2}]...] 1274@findex -acpitable 1275Add ACPI table with specified header fields and context from specified files. 1276For file=, take whole ACPI table from the specified files, including all 1277ACPI headers (possible overridden by other options). 1278For data=, only data 1279portion of the table is used, all header information is specified in the 1280command line. 1281ETEXI 1282 1283DEF("smbios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smbios, 1284 "-smbios file=binary\n" 1285 " load SMBIOS entry from binary file\n" 1286 "-smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d]\n" 1287 " specify SMBIOS type 0 fields\n" 1288 "-smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str]\n" 1289 " [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str]\n" 1290 " specify SMBIOS type 1 fields\n", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 1291STEXI 1292@item -smbios file=@var{binary} 1293@findex -smbios 1294Load SMBIOS entry from binary file. 1295 1296@item -smbios type=0[,vendor=@var{str}][,version=@var{str}][,date=@var{str}][,release=@var{%d.%d}] 1297@findex -smbios 1298Specify SMBIOS type 0 fields 1299 1300@item -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=@var{str}][,product=@var{str}] [,version=@var{str}][,serial=@var{str}][,uuid=@var{uuid}][,sku=@var{str}] [,family=@var{str}] 1301Specify SMBIOS type 1 fields 1302ETEXI 1303 1304DEFHEADING() 1305STEXI 1306@end table 1307ETEXI 1308 1309DEFHEADING(Network options:) 1310STEXI 1311@table @option 1312ETEXI 1313 1314HXCOMM Legacy slirp options (now moved to -net user): 1315#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 1316DEF("tftp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tftp, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1317DEF("bootp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bootp, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1318DEF("redir", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_redir, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1319#ifndef _WIN32 1320DEF("smb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_smb, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1321#endif 1322#endif 1323 1324DEF("net", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_net, 1325 "-net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]\n" 1326 " create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n'\n" 1327#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 1328 "-net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=on|off]\n" 1329 " [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,tftp=dir]\n" 1330 " [,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule]" 1331#ifndef _WIN32 1332 "[,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]\n" 1333#endif 1334 " connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n', configure its\n" 1335 " DHCP server and enabled optional services\n" 1336#endif 1337#ifdef _WIN32 1338 "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str],ifname=name\n" 1339 " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n" 1340#else 1341 "-net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off][,vhostfd=h][,vhostforce=on|off]\n" 1342 " connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n'\n" 1343 " use network scripts 'file' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_SCRIPT ")\n" 1344 " to configure it and 'dfile' (default=" DEFAULT_NETWORK_DOWN_SCRIPT ")\n" 1345 " to deconfigure it\n" 1346 " use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution\n" 1347 " use network helper 'helper' (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ") to\n" 1348 " configure it\n" 1349 " use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface\n" 1350 " use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the\n" 1351 " default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')\n" 1352 " use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag\n" 1353 " use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition\n" 1354 " use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator\n" 1355 " (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)\n" 1356 " use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests\n" 1357 " use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device\n" 1358 "-net bridge[,vlan=n][,name=str][,br=bridge][,helper=helper]\n" 1359 " connects a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device 'br'\n" 1360 " (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_INTERFACE ") using the program 'helper'\n" 1361 " (default=" DEFAULT_BRIDGE_HELPER ")\n" 1362#endif 1363 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]\n" 1364 " connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection\n" 1365 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]\n" 1366 " connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port\n" 1367 " use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from\n" 1368 "-net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]\n" 1369 " connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using an UDP tunnel\n" 1370#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 1371 "-net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode]\n" 1372 " connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running\n" 1373 " on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'.\n" 1374 " Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default\n" 1375 " ownership and permissions for communication port.\n" 1376#endif 1377 "-net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n]\n" 1378 " dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet)\n" 1379 "-net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option\n" 1380 " is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1381DEF("netdev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_netdev, 1382 "-netdev [" 1383#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP 1384 "user|" 1385#endif 1386 "tap|" 1387 "bridge|" 1388#ifdef CONFIG_VDE 1389 "vde|" 1390#endif 1391 "socket],id=str[,option][,option][,...]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 1392STEXI 1393@item -net nic[,vlan=@var{n}][,macaddr=@var{mac}][,model=@var{type}] [,name=@var{name}][,addr=@var{addr}][,vectors=@var{v}] 1394@findex -net 1395Create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} 1396= 0 is the default). The NIC is an e1000 by default on the PC 1397target. Optionally, the MAC address can be changed to @var{mac}, the 1398device address set to @var{addr} (PCI cards only), 1399and a @var{name} can be assigned for use in monitor commands. 1400Optionally, for PCI cards, you can specify the number @var{v} of MSI-X vectors 1401that the card should have; this option currently only affects virtio cards; set 1402@var{v} = 0 to disable MSI-X. If no @option{-net} option is specified, a single 1403NIC is created. QEMU can emulate several different models of network card. 1404Valid values for @var{type} are 1405@code{virtio}, @code{i82551}, @code{i82557b}, @code{i82559er}, 1406@code{ne2k_pci}, @code{ne2k_isa}, @code{pcnet}, @code{rtl8139}, 1407@code{e1000}, @code{smc91c111}, @code{lance} and @code{mcf_fec}. 1408Not all devices are supported on all targets. Use @code{-net nic,model=help} 1409for a list of available devices for your target. 1410 1411@item -netdev user,id=@var{id}[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...] 1412@item -net user[,@var{option}][,@var{option}][,...] 1413Use the user mode network stack which requires no administrator 1414privilege to run. Valid options are: 1415 1416@table @option 1417@item vlan=@var{n} 1418Connect user mode stack to VLAN @var{n} (@var{n} = 0 is the default). 1419 1420@item id=@var{id} 1421@item name=@var{name} 1422Assign symbolic name for use in monitor commands. 1423 1424@item net=@var{addr}[/@var{mask}] 1425Set IP network address the guest will see. Optionally specify the netmask, 1426either in the form a.b.c.d or as number of valid top-most bits. Default is 142710.0.2.0/24. 1428 1429@item host=@var{addr} 1430Specify the guest-visible address of the host. Default is the 2nd IP in the 1431guest network, i.e. x.x.x.2. 1432 1433@item restrict=on|off 1434If this option is enabled, the guest will be isolated, i.e. it will not be 1435able to contact the host and no guest IP packets will be routed over the host 1436to the outside. This option does not affect any explicitly set forwarding rules. 1437 1438@item hostname=@var{name} 1439Specifies the client hostname reported by the built-in DHCP server. 1440 1441@item dhcpstart=@var{addr} 1442Specify the first of the 16 IPs the built-in DHCP server can assign. Default 1443is the 15th to 31st IP in the guest network, i.e. x.x.x.15 to x.x.x.31. 1444 1445@item dns=@var{addr} 1446Specify the guest-visible address of the virtual nameserver. The address must 1447be different from the host address. Default is the 3rd IP in the guest network, 1448i.e. x.x.x.3. 1449 1450@item dnssearch=@var{domain} 1451Provides an entry for the domain-search list sent by the built-in 1452DHCP server. More than one domain suffix can be transmitted by specifying 1453this option multiple times. If supported, this will cause the guest to 1454automatically try to append the given domain suffix(es) in case a domain name 1455can not be resolved. 1456 1457Example: 1458@example 1459qemu -net user,dnssearch=mgmt.example.org,dnssearch=example.org [...] 1460@end example 1461 1462@item tftp=@var{dir} 1463When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP 1464server. The files in @var{dir} will be exposed as the root of a TFTP server. 1465The TFTP client on the guest must be configured in binary mode (use the command 1466@code{bin} of the Unix TFTP client). 1467 1468@item bootfile=@var{file} 1469When using the user mode network stack, broadcast @var{file} as the BOOTP 1470filename. In conjunction with @option{tftp}, this can be used to network boot 1471a guest from a local directory. 1472 1473Example (using pxelinux): 1474@example 1475qemu-system-i386 -hda linux.img -boot n -net user,tftp=/path/to/tftp/files,bootfile=/pxelinux.0 1476@end example 1477 1478@item smb=@var{dir}[,smbserver=@var{addr}] 1479When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB 1480server so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in @file{@var{dir}} 1481transparently. The IP address of the SMB server can be set to @var{addr}. By 1482default the 4th IP in the guest network is used, i.e. x.x.x.4. 1483 1484In the guest Windows OS, the line: 1485@example 148610.0.2.4 smbserver 1487@end example 1488must be added in the file @file{C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS} (for windows 9x/Me) 1489or @file{C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS} (Windows NT/2000). 1490 1491Then @file{@var{dir}} can be accessed in @file{\\smbserver\qemu}. 1492 1493Note that a SAMBA server must be installed on the host OS. 1494QEMU was tested successfully with smbd versions from Red Hat 9, 1495Fedora Core 3 and OpenSUSE 11.x. 1496 1497@item hostfwd=[tcp|udp]:[@var{hostaddr}]:@var{hostport}-[@var{guestaddr}]:@var{guestport} 1498Redirect incoming TCP or UDP connections to the host port @var{hostport} to 1499the guest IP address @var{guestaddr} on guest port @var{guestport}. If 1500@var{guestaddr} is not specified, its value is x.x.x.15 (default first address 1501given by the built-in DHCP server). By specifying @var{hostaddr}, the rule can 1502be bound to a specific host interface. If no connection type is set, TCP is 1503used. This option can be given multiple times. 1504 1505For example, to redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest 1506screen 0, use the following: 1507 1508@example 1509# on the host 1510qemu-system-i386 -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:6001-:6000 [...] 1511# this host xterm should open in the guest X11 server 1512xterm -display :1 1513@end example 1514 1515To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on 1516the guest, use the following: 1517 1518@example 1519# on the host 1520qemu-system-i386 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:23 [...] 1521telnet localhost 5555 1522@end example 1523 1524Then when you use on the host @code{telnet localhost 5555}, you 1525connect to the guest telnet server. 1526 1527@item guestfwd=[tcp]:@var{server}:@var{port}-@var{dev} 1528@item guestfwd=[tcp]:@var{server}:@var{port}-@var{cmd:command} 1529Forward guest TCP connections to the IP address @var{server} on port @var{port} 1530to the character device @var{dev} or to a program executed by @var{cmd:command} 1531which gets spawned for each connection. This option can be given multiple times. 1532 1533You can either use a chardev directly and have that one used throughout QEMU's 1534lifetime, like in the following example: 1535 1536@example 1537# open 10.10.1.1:4321 on bootup, connect 10.0.2.100:1234 to it whenever 1538# the guest accesses it 1539qemu -net user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-tcp:10.10.1.1:4321 [...] 1540@end example 1541 1542Or you can execute a command on every TCP connection established by the guest, 1543so that QEMU behaves similar to an inetd process for that virtual server: 1544 1545@example 1546# call "netcat 10.10.1.1 4321" on every TCP connection to 10.0.2.100:1234 1547# and connect the TCP stream to its stdin/stdout 1548qemu -net 'user,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.100:1234-cmd:netcat 10.10.1.1 4321' 1549@end example 1550 1551@end table 1552 1553Note: Legacy stand-alone options -tftp, -bootp, -smb and -redir are still 1554processed and applied to -net user. Mixing them with the new configuration 1555syntax gives undefined results. Their use for new applications is discouraged 1556as they will be removed from future versions. 1557 1558@item -netdev tap,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}][,helper=@var{helper}] 1559@item -net tap[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,ifname=@var{name}][,script=@var{file}][,downscript=@var{dfile}][,helper=@var{helper}] 1560Connect the host TAP network interface @var{name} to VLAN @var{n}. 1561 1562Use the network script @var{file} to configure it and the network script 1563@var{dfile} to deconfigure it. If @var{name} is not provided, the OS 1564automatically provides one. The default network configure script is 1565@file{/etc/qemu-ifup} and the default network deconfigure script is 1566@file{/etc/qemu-ifdown}. Use @option{script=no} or @option{downscript=no} 1567to disable script execution. 1568 1569If running QEMU as an unprivileged user, use the network helper 1570@var{helper} to configure the TAP interface. The default network 1571helper executable is @file{/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper}. 1572 1573@option{fd}=@var{h} can be used to specify the handle of an already 1574opened host TAP interface. 1575 1576Examples: 1577 1578@example 1579#launch a QEMU instance with the default network script 1580qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net tap 1581@end example 1582 1583@example 1584#launch a QEMU instance with two NICs, each one connected 1585#to a TAP device 1586qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1587 -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0 \ 1588 -net nic,vlan=1 -net tap,vlan=1,ifname=tap1 1589@end example 1590 1591@example 1592#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 1593#connect a TAP device to bridge br0 1594qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1595 -net nic -net tap,"helper=/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper" 1596@end example 1597 1598@item -netdev bridge,id=@var{id}[,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}] 1599@item -net bridge[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,br=@var{bridge}][,helper=@var{helper}] 1600Connect a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device. 1601 1602Use the network helper @var{helper} to configure the TAP interface and 1603attach it to the bridge. The default network helper executable is 1604@file{/usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper} and the default bridge 1605device is @file{br0}. 1606 1607Examples: 1608 1609@example 1610#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 1611#connect a TAP device to bridge br0 1612qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net bridge -net nic,model=virtio 1613@end example 1614 1615@example 1616#launch a QEMU instance with the default network helper to 1617#connect a TAP device to bridge qemubr0 1618qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net bridge,br=qemubr0 -net nic,model=virtio 1619@end example 1620 1621@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}] 1622@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}] [,listen=[@var{host}]:@var{port}][,connect=@var{host}:@var{port}] 1623 1624Connect the VLAN @var{n} to a remote VLAN in another QEMU virtual 1625machine using a TCP socket connection. If @option{listen} is 1626specified, QEMU waits for incoming connections on @var{port} 1627(@var{host} is optional). @option{connect} is used to connect to 1628another QEMU instance using the @option{listen} option. @option{fd}=@var{h} 1629specifies an already opened TCP socket. 1630 1631Example: 1632@example 1633# launch a first QEMU instance 1634qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1635 -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ 1636 -net socket,listen=:1234 1637# connect the VLAN 0 of this instance to the VLAN 0 1638# of the first instance 1639qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1640 -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \ 1641 -net socket,connect=127.0.0.1:1234 1642@end example 1643 1644@item -netdev socket,id=@var{id}[,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]] 1645@item -net socket[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,fd=@var{h}][,mcast=@var{maddr}:@var{port}[,localaddr=@var{addr}]] 1646 1647Create a VLAN @var{n} shared with another QEMU virtual 1648machines using a UDP multicast socket, effectively making a bus for 1649every QEMU with same multicast address @var{maddr} and @var{port}. 1650NOTES: 1651@enumerate 1652@item 1653Several QEMU can be running on different hosts and share same bus (assuming 1654correct multicast setup for these hosts). 1655@item 1656mcast support is compatible with User Mode Linux (argument @option{eth@var{N}=mcast}), see 1657@url{http://user-mode-linux.sf.net}. 1658@item 1659Use @option{fd=h} to specify an already opened UDP multicast socket. 1660@end enumerate 1661 1662Example: 1663@example 1664# launch one QEMU instance 1665qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1666 -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ 1667 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 1668# launch another QEMU instance on same "bus" 1669qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1670 -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:57 \ 1671 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 1672# launch yet another QEMU instance on same "bus" 1673qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1674 -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:58 \ 1675 -net socket,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 1676@end example 1677 1678Example (User Mode Linux compat.): 1679@example 1680# launch QEMU instance (note mcast address selected 1681# is UML's default) 1682qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1683 -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ 1684 -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102 1685# launch UML 1686/path/to/linux ubd0=/path/to/root_fs eth0=mcast 1687@end example 1688 1689Example (send packets from host's 1.2.3.4): 1690@example 1691qemu-system-i386 linux.img \ 1692 -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \ 1693 -net socket,mcast=239.192.168.1:1102,localaddr=1.2.3.4 1694@end example 1695 1696@item -netdev vde,id=@var{id}[,sock=@var{socketpath}][,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}] 1697@item -net vde[,vlan=@var{n}][,name=@var{name}][,sock=@var{socketpath}] [,port=@var{n}][,group=@var{groupname}][,mode=@var{octalmode}] 1698Connect VLAN @var{n} to PORT @var{n} of a vde switch running on host and 1699listening for incoming connections on @var{socketpath}. Use GROUP @var{groupname} 1700and MODE @var{octalmode} to change default ownership and permissions for 1701communication port. This option is only available if QEMU has been compiled 1702with vde support enabled. 1703 1704Example: 1705@example 1706# launch vde switch 1707vde_switch -F -sock /tmp/myswitch 1708# launch QEMU instance 1709qemu-system-i386 linux.img -net nic -net vde,sock=/tmp/myswitch 1710@end example 1711 1712@item -net dump[,vlan=@var{n}][,file=@var{file}][,len=@var{len}] 1713Dump network traffic on VLAN @var{n} to file @var{file} (@file{qemu-vlan0.pcap} by default). 1714At most @var{len} bytes (64k by default) per packet are stored. The file format is 1715libpcap, so it can be analyzed with tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark. 1716 1717@item -net none 1718Indicate that no network devices should be configured. It is used to 1719override the default configuration (@option{-net nic -net user}) which 1720is activated if no @option{-net} options are provided. 1721 1722@end table 1723ETEXI 1724 1725DEFHEADING() 1726 1727DEFHEADING(Character device options:) 1728 1729DEF("chardev", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chardev, 1730 "-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1731 "-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=host[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay]\n" 1732 " [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,mux=on|off] (tcp)\n" 1733 "-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet],[mux=on|off] (unix)\n" 1734 "-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]\n" 1735 " [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]\n" 1736 "-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1737 "-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]\n" 1738 " [,mux=on|off]\n" 1739 "-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1740 "-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1741#ifdef _WIN32 1742 "-chardev console,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1743 "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1744#else 1745 "-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1746 "-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off]\n" 1747#endif 1748#ifdef CONFIG_BRLAPI 1749 "-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off]\n" 1750#endif 1751#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) \ 1752 || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) 1753 "-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1754 "-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1755#endif 1756#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) 1757 "-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1758 "-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off]\n" 1759#endif 1760#if defined(CONFIG_SPICE) 1761 "-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]\n" 1762 "-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug]\n" 1763#endif 1764 , QEMU_ARCH_ALL 1765) 1766 1767STEXI 1768 1769The general form of a character device option is: 1770@table @option 1771 1772@item -chardev @var{backend} ,id=@var{id} [,mux=on|off] [,@var{options}] 1773@findex -chardev 1774Backend is one of: 1775@option{null}, 1776@option{socket}, 1777@option{udp}, 1778@option{msmouse}, 1779@option{vc}, 1780@option{file}, 1781@option{pipe}, 1782@option{console}, 1783@option{serial}, 1784@option{pty}, 1785@option{stdio}, 1786@option{braille}, 1787@option{tty}, 1788@option{parallel}, 1789@option{parport}, 1790@option{spicevmc}. 1791@option{spiceport}. 1792The specific backend will determine the applicable options. 1793 1794All devices must have an id, which can be any string up to 127 characters long. 1795It is used to uniquely identify this device in other command line directives. 1796 1797A character device may be used in multiplexing mode by multiple front-ends. 1798The key sequence of @key{Control-a} and @key{c} will rotate the input focus 1799between attached front-ends. Specify @option{mux=on} to enable this mode. 1800 1801Options to each backend are described below. 1802 1803@item -chardev null ,id=@var{id} 1804A void device. This device will not emit any data, and will drop any data it 1805receives. The null backend does not take any options. 1806 1807@item -chardev socket ,id=@var{id} [@var{TCP options} or @var{unix options}] [,server] [,nowait] [,telnet] 1808 1809Create a two-way stream socket, which can be either a TCP or a unix socket. A 1810unix socket will be created if @option{path} is specified. Behaviour is 1811undefined if TCP options are specified for a unix socket. 1812 1813@option{server} specifies that the socket shall be a listening socket. 1814 1815@option{nowait} specifies that QEMU should not block waiting for a client to 1816connect to a listening socket. 1817 1818@option{telnet} specifies that traffic on the socket should interpret telnet 1819escape sequences. 1820 1821TCP and unix socket options are given below: 1822 1823@table @option 1824 1825@item TCP options: port=@var{port} [,host=@var{host}] [,to=@var{to}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] [,nodelay] 1826 1827@option{host} for a listening socket specifies the local address to be bound. 1828For a connecting socket species the remote host to connect to. @option{host} is 1829optional for listening sockets. If not specified it defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}. 1830 1831@option{port} for a listening socket specifies the local port to be bound. For a 1832connecting socket specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. 1833@option{port} can be given as either a port number or a service name. 1834@option{port} is required. 1835 1836@option{to} is only relevant to listening sockets. If it is specified, and 1837@option{port} cannot be bound, QEMU will attempt to bind to subsequent ports up 1838to and including @option{to} until it succeeds. @option{to} must be specified 1839as a port number. 1840 1841@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used. 1842If neither is specified the socket may use either protocol. 1843 1844@option{nodelay} disables the Nagle algorithm. 1845 1846@item unix options: path=@var{path} 1847 1848@option{path} specifies the local path of the unix socket. @option{path} is 1849required. 1850 1851@end table 1852 1853@item -chardev udp ,id=@var{id} [,host=@var{host}] ,port=@var{port} [,localaddr=@var{localaddr}] [,localport=@var{localport}] [,ipv4] [,ipv6] 1854 1855Sends all traffic from the guest to a remote host over UDP. 1856 1857@option{host} specifies the remote host to connect to. If not specified it 1858defaults to @code{localhost}. 1859 1860@option{port} specifies the port on the remote host to connect to. @option{port} 1861is required. 1862 1863@option{localaddr} specifies the local address to bind to. If not specified it 1864defaults to @code{0.0.0.0}. 1865 1866@option{localport} specifies the local port to bind to. If not specified any 1867available local port will be used. 1868 1869@option{ipv4} and @option{ipv6} specify that either IPv4 or IPv6 must be used. 1870If neither is specified the device may use either protocol. 1871 1872@item -chardev msmouse ,id=@var{id} 1873 1874Forward QEMU's emulated msmouse events to the guest. @option{msmouse} does not 1875take any options. 1876 1877@item -chardev vc ,id=@var{id} [[,width=@var{width}] [,height=@var{height}]] [[,cols=@var{cols}] [,rows=@var{rows}]] 1878 1879Connect to a QEMU text console. @option{vc} may optionally be given a specific 1880size. 1881 1882@option{width} and @option{height} specify the width and height respectively of 1883the console, in pixels. 1884 1885@option{cols} and @option{rows} specify that the console be sized to fit a text 1886console with the given dimensions. 1887 1888@item -chardev file ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1889 1890Log all traffic received from the guest to a file. 1891 1892@option{path} specifies the path of the file to be opened. This file will be 1893created if it does not already exist, and overwritten if it does. @option{path} 1894is required. 1895 1896@item -chardev pipe ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1897 1898Create a two-way connection to the guest. The behaviour differs slightly between 1899Windows hosts and other hosts: 1900 1901On Windows, a single duplex pipe will be created at 1902@file{\\.pipe\@option{path}}. 1903 1904On other hosts, 2 pipes will be created called @file{@option{path}.in} and 1905@file{@option{path}.out}. Data written to @file{@option{path}.in} will be 1906received by the guest. Data written by the guest can be read from 1907@file{@option{path}.out}. QEMU will not create these fifos, and requires them to 1908be present. 1909 1910@option{path} forms part of the pipe path as described above. @option{path} is 1911required. 1912 1913@item -chardev console ,id=@var{id} 1914 1915Send traffic from the guest to QEMU's standard output. @option{console} does not 1916take any options. 1917 1918@option{console} is only available on Windows hosts. 1919 1920@item -chardev serial ,id=@var{id} ,path=@option{path} 1921 1922Send traffic from the guest to a serial device on the host. 1923 1924On Unix hosts serial will actually accept any tty device, 1925not only serial lines. 1926 1927@option{path} specifies the name of the serial device to open. 1928 1929@item -chardev pty ,id=@var{id} 1930 1931Create a new pseudo-terminal on the host and connect to it. @option{pty} does 1932not take any options. 1933 1934@option{pty} is not available on Windows hosts. 1935 1936@item -chardev stdio ,id=@var{id} [,signal=on|off] 1937Connect to standard input and standard output of the QEMU process. 1938 1939@option{signal} controls if signals are enabled on the terminal, that includes 1940exiting QEMU with the key sequence @key{Control-c}. This option is enabled by 1941default, use @option{signal=off} to disable it. 1942 1943@option{stdio} is not available on Windows hosts. 1944 1945@item -chardev braille ,id=@var{id} 1946 1947Connect to a local BrlAPI server. @option{braille} does not take any options. 1948 1949@item -chardev tty ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1950 1951@option{tty} is only available on Linux, Sun, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and 1952DragonFlyBSD hosts. It is an alias for -serial. 1953 1954@option{path} specifies the path to the tty. @option{path} is required. 1955 1956@item -chardev parallel ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1957@item -chardev parport ,id=@var{id} ,path=@var{path} 1958 1959@option{parallel} is only available on Linux, FreeBSD and DragonFlyBSD hosts. 1960 1961Connect to a local parallel port. 1962 1963@option{path} specifies the path to the parallel port device. @option{path} is 1964required. 1965 1966@item -chardev spicevmc ,id=@var{id} ,debug=@var{debug}, name=@var{name} 1967 1968@option{spicevmc} is only available when spice support is built in. 1969 1970@option{debug} debug level for spicevmc 1971 1972@option{name} name of spice channel to connect to 1973 1974Connect to a spice virtual machine channel, such as vdiport. 1975 1976@item -chardev spiceport ,id=@var{id} ,debug=@var{debug}, name=@var{name} 1977 1978@option{spiceport} is only available when spice support is built in. 1979 1980@option{debug} debug level for spicevmc 1981 1982@option{name} name of spice port to connect to 1983 1984Connect to a spice port, allowing a Spice client to handle the traffic 1985identified by a name (preferably a fqdn). 1986 1987@end table 1988ETEXI 1989 1990DEFHEADING() 1991 1992STEXI 1993DEFHEADING(Device URL Syntax:) 1994 1995In addition to using normal file images for the emulated storage devices, 1996QEMU can also use networked resources such as iSCSI devices. These are 1997specified using a special URL syntax. 1998 1999@table @option 2000@item iSCSI 2001iSCSI support allows QEMU to access iSCSI resources directly and use as 2002images for the guest storage. Both disk and cdrom images are supported. 2003 2004Syntax for specifying iSCSI LUNs is 2005``iscsi://<target-ip>[:<port>]/<target-iqn>/<lun>'' 2006 2007By default qemu will use the iSCSI initiator-name 2008'iqn.2008-11.org.linux-kvm[:<name>]' but this can also be set from the command 2009line or a configuration file. 2010 2011 2012Example (without authentication): 2013@example 2014qemu-system-i386 -iscsi initiator-name=iqn.2001-04.com.example:my-initiator \ 2015 -cdrom iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/2 \ 2016 -drive file=iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1 2017@end example 2018 2019Example (CHAP username/password via URL): 2020@example 2021qemu-system-i386 -drive file=iscsi://user%password@@192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1 2022@end example 2023 2024Example (CHAP username/password via environment variables): 2025@example 2026LIBISCSI_CHAP_USERNAME="user" \ 2027LIBISCSI_CHAP_PASSWORD="password" \ 2028qemu-system-i386 -drive file=iscsi://192.0.2.1/iqn.2001-04.com.example/1 2029@end example 2030 2031iSCSI support is an optional feature of QEMU and only available when 2032compiled and linked against libiscsi. 2033ETEXI 2034DEF("iscsi", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_iscsi, 2035 "-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]\n" 2036 " [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE\n" 2037 " [,initiator-name=iqn]\n" 2038 " iSCSI session parameters\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2039STEXI 2040 2041iSCSI parameters such as username and password can also be specified via 2042a configuration file. See qemu-doc for more information and examples. 2043 2044@item NBD 2045QEMU supports NBD (Network Block Devices) both using TCP protocol as well 2046as Unix Domain Sockets. 2047 2048Syntax for specifying a NBD device using TCP 2049``nbd:<server-ip>:<port>[:exportname=<export>]'' 2050 2051Syntax for specifying a NBD device using Unix Domain Sockets 2052``nbd:unix:<domain-socket>[:exportname=<export>]'' 2053 2054 2055Example for TCP 2056@example 2057qemu-system-i386 --drive file=nbd:192.0.2.1:30000 2058@end example 2059 2060Example for Unix Domain Sockets 2061@example 2062qemu-system-i386 --drive file=nbd:unix:/tmp/nbd-socket 2063@end example 2064 2065@item Sheepdog 2066Sheepdog is a distributed storage system for QEMU. 2067QEMU supports using either local sheepdog devices or remote networked 2068devices. 2069 2070Syntax for specifying a sheepdog device 2071@table @list 2072``sheepdog:<vdiname>'' 2073 2074``sheepdog:<vdiname>:<snapid>'' 2075 2076``sheepdog:<vdiname>:<tag>'' 2077 2078``sheepdog:<host>:<port>:<vdiname>'' 2079 2080``sheepdog:<host>:<port>:<vdiname>:<snapid>'' 2081 2082``sheepdog:<host>:<port>:<vdiname>:<tag>'' 2083@end table 2084 2085Example 2086@example 2087qemu-system-i386 --drive file=sheepdog:192.0.2.1:30000:MyVirtualMachine 2088@end example 2089 2090See also @url{http://http://www.osrg.net/sheepdog/}. 2091 2092@item GlusterFS 2093GlusterFS is an user space distributed file system. 2094QEMU supports the use of GlusterFS volumes for hosting VM disk images using 2095TCP, Unix Domain Sockets and RDMA transport protocols. 2096 2097Syntax for specifying a VM disk image on GlusterFS volume is 2098@example 2099gluster[+transport]://[server[:port]]/volname/image[?socket=...] 2100@end example 2101 2102 2103Example 2104@example 2105qemu-system-x86_84 --drive file=gluster://192.0.2.1/testvol/a.img 2106@end example 2107 2108See also @url{http://www.gluster.org}. 2109@end table 2110ETEXI 2111 2112DEFHEADING(Bluetooth(R) options:) 2113 2114DEF("bt", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bt, \ 2115 "-bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands\n" \ 2116 "-bt hci,host[:id]\n" \ 2117 " use host's HCI with the given name\n" \ 2118 "-bt hci[,vlan=n]\n" \ 2119 " emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'\n" \ 2120 "-bt vhci[,vlan=n]\n" \ 2121 " add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI\n" \ 2122 "-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]\n" \ 2123 " emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'\n", 2124 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2125STEXI 2126@table @option 2127 2128@item -bt hci[...] 2129@findex -bt 2130Defines the function of the corresponding Bluetooth HCI. -bt options 2131are matched with the HCIs present in the chosen machine type. For 2132example when emulating a machine with only one HCI built into it, only 2133the first @code{-bt hci[...]} option is valid and defines the HCI's 2134logic. The Transport Layer is decided by the machine type. Currently 2135the machines @code{n800} and @code{n810} have one HCI and all other 2136machines have none. 2137 2138@anchor{bt-hcis} 2139The following three types are recognized: 2140 2141@table @option 2142@item -bt hci,null 2143(default) The corresponding Bluetooth HCI assumes no internal logic 2144and will not respond to any HCI commands or emit events. 2145 2146@item -bt hci,host[:@var{id}] 2147(@code{bluez} only) The corresponding HCI passes commands / events 2148to / from the physical HCI identified by the name @var{id} (default: 2149@code{hci0}) on the computer running QEMU. Only available on @code{bluez} 2150capable systems like Linux. 2151 2152@item -bt hci[,vlan=@var{n}] 2153Add a virtual, standard HCI that will participate in the Bluetooth 2154scatternet @var{n} (default @code{0}). Similarly to @option{-net} 2155VLANs, devices inside a bluetooth network @var{n} can only communicate 2156with other devices in the same network (scatternet). 2157@end table 2158 2159@item -bt vhci[,vlan=@var{n}] 2160(Linux-host only) Create a HCI in scatternet @var{n} (default 0) attached 2161to the host bluetooth stack instead of to the emulated target. This 2162allows the host and target machines to participate in a common scatternet 2163and communicate. Requires the Linux @code{vhci} driver installed. Can 2164be used as following: 2165 2166@example 2167qemu-system-i386 [...OPTIONS...] -bt hci,vlan=5 -bt vhci,vlan=5 2168@end example 2169 2170@item -bt device:@var{dev}[,vlan=@var{n}] 2171Emulate a bluetooth device @var{dev} and place it in network @var{n} 2172(default @code{0}). QEMU can only emulate one type of bluetooth devices 2173currently: 2174 2175@table @option 2176@item keyboard 2177Virtual wireless keyboard implementing the HIDP bluetooth profile. 2178@end table 2179@end table 2180ETEXI 2181 2182DEFHEADING() 2183 2184DEFHEADING(Linux/Multiboot boot specific:) 2185STEXI 2186 2187When using these options, you can use a given Linux or Multiboot 2188kernel without installing it in the disk image. It can be useful 2189for easier testing of various kernels. 2190 2191@table @option 2192ETEXI 2193 2194DEF("kernel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_kernel, \ 2195 "-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2196STEXI 2197@item -kernel @var{bzImage} 2198@findex -kernel 2199Use @var{bzImage} as kernel image. The kernel can be either a Linux kernel 2200or in multiboot format. 2201ETEXI 2202 2203DEF("append", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_append, \ 2204 "-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2205STEXI 2206@item -append @var{cmdline} 2207@findex -append 2208Use @var{cmdline} as kernel command line 2209ETEXI 2210 2211DEF("initrd", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_initrd, \ 2212 "-initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2213STEXI 2214@item -initrd @var{file} 2215@findex -initrd 2216Use @var{file} as initial ram disk. 2217 2218@item -initrd "@var{file1} arg=foo,@var{file2}" 2219 2220This syntax is only available with multiboot. 2221 2222Use @var{file1} and @var{file2} as modules and pass arg=foo as parameter to the 2223first module. 2224ETEXI 2225 2226DEF("dtb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_dtb, \ 2227 "-dtb file use 'file' as device tree image\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2228STEXI 2229@item -dtb @var{file} 2230@findex -dtb 2231Use @var{file} as a device tree binary (dtb) image and pass it to the kernel 2232on boot. 2233ETEXI 2234 2235STEXI 2236@end table 2237ETEXI 2238 2239DEFHEADING() 2240 2241DEFHEADING(Debug/Expert options:) 2242 2243STEXI 2244@table @option 2245ETEXI 2246 2247DEF("serial", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_serial, \ 2248 "-serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'\n", 2249 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2250STEXI 2251@item -serial @var{dev} 2252@findex -serial 2253Redirect the virtual serial port to host character device 2254@var{dev}. The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and 2255@code{stdio} in non graphical mode. 2256 2257This option can be used several times to simulate up to 4 serial 2258ports. 2259 2260Use @code{-serial none} to disable all serial ports. 2261 2262Available character devices are: 2263@table @option 2264@item vc[:@var{W}x@var{H}] 2265Virtual console. Optionally, a width and height can be given in pixel with 2266@example 2267vc:800x600 2268@end example 2269It is also possible to specify width or height in characters: 2270@example 2271vc:80Cx24C 2272@end example 2273@item pty 2274[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated) 2275@item none 2276No device is allocated. 2277@item null 2278void device 2279@item /dev/XXX 2280[Linux only] Use host tty, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyS0}. The host serial port 2281parameters are set according to the emulated ones. 2282@item /dev/parport@var{N} 2283[Linux only, parallel port only] Use host parallel port 2284@var{N}. Currently SPP and EPP parallel port features can be used. 2285@item file:@var{filename} 2286Write output to @var{filename}. No character can be read. 2287@item stdio 2288[Unix only] standard input/output 2289@item pipe:@var{filename} 2290name pipe @var{filename} 2291@item COM@var{n} 2292[Windows only] Use host serial port @var{n} 2293@item udp:[@var{remote_host}]:@var{remote_port}[@@[@var{src_ip}]:@var{src_port}] 2294This implements UDP Net Console. 2295When @var{remote_host} or @var{src_ip} are not specified 2296they default to @code{0.0.0.0}. 2297When not using a specified @var{src_port} a random port is automatically chosen. 2298 2299If you just want a simple readonly console you can use @code{netcat} or 2300@code{nc}, by starting QEMU with: @code{-serial udp::4555} and nc as: 2301@code{nc -u -l -p 4555}. Any time QEMU writes something to that port it 2302will appear in the netconsole session. 2303 2304If you plan to send characters back via netconsole or you want to stop 2305and start QEMU a lot of times, you should have QEMU use the same 2306source port each time by using something like @code{-serial 2307udp::4555@@:4556} to QEMU. Another approach is to use a patched 2308version of netcat which can listen to a TCP port and send and receive 2309characters via udp. If you have a patched version of netcat which 2310activates telnet remote echo and single char transfer, then you can 2311use the following options to step up a netcat redirector to allow 2312telnet on port 5555 to access the QEMU port. 2313@table @code 2314@item QEMU Options: 2315-serial udp::4555@@:4556 2316@item netcat options: 2317-u -P 4555 -L 0.0.0.0:4556 -t -p 5555 -I -T 2318@item telnet options: 2319localhost 5555 2320@end table 2321 2322@item tcp:[@var{host}]:@var{port}[,@var{server}][,nowait][,nodelay] 2323The TCP Net Console has two modes of operation. It can send the serial 2324I/O to a location or wait for a connection from a location. By default 2325the TCP Net Console is sent to @var{host} at the @var{port}. If you use 2326the @var{server} option QEMU will wait for a client socket application 2327to connect to the port before continuing, unless the @code{nowait} 2328option was specified. The @code{nodelay} option disables the Nagle buffering 2329algorithm. If @var{host} is omitted, 0.0.0.0 is assumed. Only 2330one TCP connection at a time is accepted. You can use @code{telnet} to 2331connect to the corresponding character device. 2332@table @code 2333@item Example to send tcp console to 192.168.0.2 port 4444 2334-serial tcp:192.168.0.2:4444 2335@item Example to listen and wait on port 4444 for connection 2336-serial tcp::4444,server 2337@item Example to not wait and listen on ip 192.168.0.100 port 4444 2338-serial tcp:192.168.0.100:4444,server,nowait 2339@end table 2340 2341@item telnet:@var{host}:@var{port}[,server][,nowait][,nodelay] 2342The telnet protocol is used instead of raw tcp sockets. The options 2343work the same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp}. The 2344difference is that the port acts like a telnet server or client using 2345telnet option negotiation. This will also allow you to send the 2346MAGIC_SYSRQ sequence if you use a telnet that supports sending the break 2347sequence. Typically in unix telnet you do it with Control-] and then 2348type "send break" followed by pressing the enter key. 2349 2350@item unix:@var{path}[,server][,nowait] 2351A unix domain socket is used instead of a tcp socket. The option works the 2352same as if you had specified @code{-serial tcp} except the unix domain socket 2353@var{path} is used for connections. 2354 2355@item mon:@var{dev_string} 2356This is a special option to allow the monitor to be multiplexed onto 2357another serial port. The monitor is accessed with key sequence of 2358@key{Control-a} and then pressing @key{c}. See monitor access 2359@ref{pcsys_keys} in the -nographic section for more keys. 2360@var{dev_string} should be any one of the serial devices specified 2361above. An example to multiplex the monitor onto a telnet server 2362listening on port 4444 would be: 2363@table @code 2364@item -serial mon:telnet::4444,server,nowait 2365@end table 2366 2367@item braille 2368Braille device. This will use BrlAPI to display the braille output on a real 2369or fake device. 2370 2371@item msmouse 2372Three button serial mouse. Configure the guest to use Microsoft protocol. 2373@end table 2374ETEXI 2375 2376DEF("parallel", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_parallel, \ 2377 "-parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'\n", 2378 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2379STEXI 2380@item -parallel @var{dev} 2381@findex -parallel 2382Redirect the virtual parallel port to host device @var{dev} (same 2383devices as the serial port). On Linux hosts, @file{/dev/parportN} can 2384be used to use hardware devices connected on the corresponding host 2385parallel port. 2386 2387This option can be used several times to simulate up to 3 parallel 2388ports. 2389 2390Use @code{-parallel none} to disable all parallel ports. 2391ETEXI 2392 2393DEF("monitor", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_monitor, \ 2394 "-monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'\n", 2395 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2396STEXI 2397@item -monitor @var{dev} 2398@findex -monitor 2399Redirect the monitor to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the 2400serial port). 2401The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in 2402non graphical mode. 2403ETEXI 2404DEF("qmp", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qmp, \ 2405 "-qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode\n", 2406 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2407STEXI 2408@item -qmp @var{dev} 2409@findex -qmp 2410Like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode. 2411ETEXI 2412 2413DEF("mon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_mon, \ 2414 "-mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default]\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2415STEXI 2416@item -mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default] 2417@findex -mon 2418Setup monitor on chardev @var{name}. 2419ETEXI 2420 2421DEF("debugcon", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_debugcon, \ 2422 "-debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'\n", 2423 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2424STEXI 2425@item -debugcon @var{dev} 2426@findex -debugcon 2427Redirect the debug console to host device @var{dev} (same devices as the 2428serial port). The debug console is an I/O port which is typically port 24290xe9; writing to that I/O port sends output to this device. 2430The default device is @code{vc} in graphical mode and @code{stdio} in 2431non graphical mode. 2432ETEXI 2433 2434DEF("pidfile", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_pidfile, \ 2435 "-pidfile file write PID to 'file'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2436STEXI 2437@item -pidfile @var{file} 2438@findex -pidfile 2439Store the QEMU process PID in @var{file}. It is useful if you launch QEMU 2440from a script. 2441ETEXI 2442 2443DEF("singlestep", 0, QEMU_OPTION_singlestep, \ 2444 "-singlestep always run in singlestep mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2445STEXI 2446@item -singlestep 2447@findex -singlestep 2448Run the emulation in single step mode. 2449ETEXI 2450 2451DEF("S", 0, QEMU_OPTION_S, \ 2452 "-S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)\n", 2453 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2454STEXI 2455@item -S 2456@findex -S 2457Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor). 2458ETEXI 2459 2460DEF("gdb", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_gdb, \ 2461 "-gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev'\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2462STEXI 2463@item -gdb @var{dev} 2464@findex -gdb 2465Wait for gdb connection on device @var{dev} (@pxref{gdb_usage}). Typical 2466connections will likely be TCP-based, but also UDP, pseudo TTY, or even 2467stdio are reasonable use case. The latter is allowing to start QEMU from 2468within gdb and establish the connection via a pipe: 2469@example 2470(gdb) target remote | exec qemu-system-i386 -gdb stdio ... 2471@end example 2472ETEXI 2473 2474DEF("s", 0, QEMU_OPTION_s, \ 2475 "-s shorthand for -gdb tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT "\n", 2476 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2477STEXI 2478@item -s 2479@findex -s 2480Shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234, i.e. open a gdbserver on TCP port 1234 2481(@pxref{gdb_usage}). 2482ETEXI 2483 2484DEF("d", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_d, \ 2485 "-d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use '-d help' for a list of log items)\n", 2486 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2487STEXI 2488@item -d 2489@findex -d 2490Output log in /tmp/qemu.log 2491ETEXI 2492 2493DEF("D", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_D, \ 2494 "-D logfile output log to logfile (instead of the default /tmp/qemu.log)\n", 2495 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2496STEXI 2497@item -D @var{logfile} 2498@findex -D 2499Output log in @var{logfile} instead of /tmp/qemu.log 2500ETEXI 2501 2502DEF("hdachs", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_hdachs, \ 2503 "-hdachs c,h,s[,t]\n" \ 2504 " force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS\n" \ 2505 " translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them)\n", 2506 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2507STEXI 2508@item -hdachs @var{c},@var{h},@var{s},[,@var{t}] 2509@findex -hdachs 2510Force hard disk 0 physical geometry (1 <= @var{c} <= 16383, 1 <= 2511@var{h} <= 16, 1 <= @var{s} <= 63) and optionally force the BIOS 2512translation mode (@var{t}=none, lba or auto). Usually QEMU can guess 2513all those parameters. This option is useful for old MS-DOS disk 2514images. 2515ETEXI 2516 2517DEF("L", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_L, \ 2518 "-L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps\n", 2519 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2520STEXI 2521@item -L @var{path} 2522@findex -L 2523Set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps. 2524ETEXI 2525 2526DEF("bios", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_bios, \ 2527 "-bios file set the filename for the BIOS\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2528STEXI 2529@item -bios @var{file} 2530@findex -bios 2531Set the filename for the BIOS. 2532ETEXI 2533 2534DEF("enable-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm, \ 2535 "-enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2536STEXI 2537@item -enable-kvm 2538@findex -enable-kvm 2539Enable KVM full virtualization support. This option is only available 2540if KVM support is enabled when compiling. 2541ETEXI 2542 2543DEF("xen-domid", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid, 2544 "-xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2545DEF("xen-create", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_create, 2546 "-xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend\n" 2547 " warning: should not be used when xend is in use\n", 2548 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2549DEF("xen-attach", 0, QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach, 2550 "-xen-attach attach to existing xen domain\n" 2551 " xend will use this when starting QEMU\n", 2552 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2553STEXI 2554@item -xen-domid @var{id} 2555@findex -xen-domid 2556Specify xen guest domain @var{id} (XEN only). 2557@item -xen-create 2558@findex -xen-create 2559Create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend. 2560Warning: should not be used when xend is in use (XEN only). 2561@item -xen-attach 2562@findex -xen-attach 2563Attach to existing xen domain. 2564xend will use this when starting QEMU (XEN only). 2565ETEXI 2566 2567DEF("no-reboot", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot, \ 2568 "-no-reboot exit instead of rebooting\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2569STEXI 2570@item -no-reboot 2571@findex -no-reboot 2572Exit instead of rebooting. 2573ETEXI 2574 2575DEF("no-shutdown", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown, \ 2576 "-no-shutdown stop before shutdown\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2577STEXI 2578@item -no-shutdown 2579@findex -no-shutdown 2580Don't exit QEMU on guest shutdown, but instead only stop the emulation. 2581This allows for instance switching to monitor to commit changes to the 2582disk image. 2583ETEXI 2584 2585DEF("loadvm", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_loadvm, \ 2586 "-loadvm [tag|id]\n" \ 2587 " start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)\n", 2588 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2589STEXI 2590@item -loadvm @var{file} 2591@findex -loadvm 2592Start right away with a saved state (@code{loadvm} in monitor) 2593ETEXI 2594 2595#ifndef _WIN32 2596DEF("daemonize", 0, QEMU_OPTION_daemonize, \ 2597 "-daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2598#endif 2599STEXI 2600@item -daemonize 2601@findex -daemonize 2602Daemonize the QEMU process after initialization. QEMU will not detach from 2603standard IO until it is ready to receive connections on any of its devices. 2604This option is a useful way for external programs to launch QEMU without having 2605to cope with initialization race conditions. 2606ETEXI 2607 2608DEF("option-rom", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_option_rom, \ 2609 "-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space\n", 2610 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2611STEXI 2612@item -option-rom @var{file} 2613@findex -option-rom 2614Load the contents of @var{file} as an option ROM. 2615This option is useful to load things like EtherBoot. 2616ETEXI 2617 2618DEF("clock", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_clock, \ 2619 "-clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm.\n" \ 2620 " To see what timers are available use '-clock help'\n", 2621 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2622STEXI 2623@item -clock @var{method} 2624@findex -clock 2625Force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. To see what timers 2626are available use @code{-clock help}. 2627ETEXI 2628 2629HXCOMM Options deprecated by -rtc 2630DEF("localtime", 0, QEMU_OPTION_localtime, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2631DEF("startdate", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_startdate, "", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2632 2633DEF("rtc", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_rtc, \ 2634 "-rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]\n" \ 2635 " set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)\n", 2636 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2637 2638STEXI 2639 2640@item -rtc [base=utc|localtime|@var{date}][,clock=host|vm][,driftfix=none|slew] 2641@findex -rtc 2642Specify @option{base} as @code{utc} or @code{localtime} to let the RTC start at the current 2643UTC or local time, respectively. @code{localtime} is required for correct date in 2644MS-DOS or Windows. To start at a specific point in time, provide @var{date} in the 2645format @code{2006-06-17T16:01:21} or @code{2006-06-17}. The default base is UTC. 2646 2647By default the RTC is driven by the host system time. This allows to use the 2648RTC as accurate reference clock inside the guest, specifically if the host 2649time is smoothly following an accurate external reference clock, e.g. via NTP. 2650If you want to isolate the guest time from the host, you can set @option{clock} 2651to @code{rt} instead. To even prevent it from progressing during suspension, 2652you can set it to @code{vm}. 2653 2654Enable @option{driftfix} (i386 targets only) if you experience time drift problems, 2655specifically with Windows' ACPI HAL. This option will try to figure out how 2656many timer interrupts were not processed by the Windows guest and will 2657re-inject them. 2658ETEXI 2659 2660DEF("icount", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_icount, \ 2661 "-icount [N|auto]\n" \ 2662 " enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per\n" \ 2663 " instruction\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2664STEXI 2665@item -icount [@var{N}|auto] 2666@findex -icount 2667Enable virtual instruction counter. The virtual cpu will execute one 2668instruction every 2^@var{N} ns of virtual time. If @code{auto} is specified 2669then the virtual cpu speed will be automatically adjusted to keep virtual 2670time within a few seconds of real time. 2671 2672Note that while this option can give deterministic behavior, it does not 2673provide cycle accurate emulation. Modern CPUs contain superscalar out of 2674order cores with complex cache hierarchies. The number of instructions 2675executed often has little or no correlation with actual performance. 2676ETEXI 2677 2678DEF("watchdog", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog, \ 2679 "-watchdog i6300esb|ib700\n" \ 2680 " enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]\n", 2681 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2682STEXI 2683@item -watchdog @var{model} 2684@findex -watchdog 2685Create a virtual hardware watchdog device. Once enabled (by a guest 2686action), the watchdog must be periodically polled by an agent inside 2687the guest or else the guest will be restarted. 2688 2689The @var{model} is the model of hardware watchdog to emulate. Choices 2690for model are: @code{ib700} (iBASE 700) which is a very simple ISA 2691watchdog with a single timer, or @code{i6300esb} (Intel 6300ESB I/O 2692controller hub) which is a much more featureful PCI-based dual-timer 2693watchdog. Choose a model for which your guest has drivers. 2694 2695Use @code{-watchdog help} to list available hardware models. Only one 2696watchdog can be enabled for a guest. 2697ETEXI 2698 2699DEF("watchdog-action", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action, \ 2700 "-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none\n" \ 2701 " action when watchdog fires [default=reset]\n", 2702 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2703STEXI 2704@item -watchdog-action @var{action} 2705 2706The @var{action} controls what QEMU will do when the watchdog timer 2707expires. 2708The default is 2709@code{reset} (forcefully reset the guest). 2710Other possible actions are: 2711@code{shutdown} (attempt to gracefully shutdown the guest), 2712@code{poweroff} (forcefully poweroff the guest), 2713@code{pause} (pause the guest), 2714@code{debug} (print a debug message and continue), or 2715@code{none} (do nothing). 2716 2717Note that the @code{shutdown} action requires that the guest responds 2718to ACPI signals, which it may not be able to do in the sort of 2719situations where the watchdog would have expired, and thus 2720@code{-watchdog-action shutdown} is not recommended for production use. 2721 2722Examples: 2723 2724@table @code 2725@item -watchdog i6300esb -watchdog-action pause 2726@item -watchdog ib700 2727@end table 2728ETEXI 2729 2730DEF("echr", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_echr, \ 2731 "-echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a\n", 2732 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2733STEXI 2734 2735@item -echr @var{numeric_ascii_value} 2736@findex -echr 2737Change the escape character used for switching to the monitor when using 2738monitor and serial sharing. The default is @code{0x01} when using the 2739@code{-nographic} option. @code{0x01} is equal to pressing 2740@code{Control-a}. You can select a different character from the ascii 2741control keys where 1 through 26 map to Control-a through Control-z. For 2742instance you could use the either of the following to change the escape 2743character to Control-t. 2744@table @code 2745@item -echr 0x14 2746@item -echr 20 2747@end table 2748ETEXI 2749 2750DEF("virtioconsole", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_virtiocon, \ 2751 "-virtioconsole c\n" \ 2752 " set virtio console\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2753STEXI 2754@item -virtioconsole @var{c} 2755@findex -virtioconsole 2756Set virtio console. 2757 2758This option is maintained for backward compatibility. 2759 2760Please use @code{-device virtconsole} for the new way of invocation. 2761ETEXI 2762 2763DEF("show-cursor", 0, QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor, \ 2764 "-show-cursor show cursor\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2765STEXI 2766@item -show-cursor 2767@findex -show-cursor 2768Show cursor. 2769ETEXI 2770 2771DEF("tb-size", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_tb_size, \ 2772 "-tb-size n set TB size\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2773STEXI 2774@item -tb-size @var{n} 2775@findex -tb-size 2776Set TB size. 2777ETEXI 2778 2779DEF("incoming", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_incoming, \ 2780 "-incoming p prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p\n", 2781 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2782STEXI 2783@item -incoming @var{port} 2784@findex -incoming 2785Prepare for incoming migration, listen on @var{port}. 2786ETEXI 2787 2788DEF("nodefaults", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults, \ 2789 "-nodefaults don't create default devices\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2790STEXI 2791@item -nodefaults 2792@findex -nodefaults 2793Don't create default devices. Normally, QEMU sets the default devices like serial 2794port, parallel port, virtual console, monitor device, VGA adapter, floppy and 2795CD-ROM drive and others. The @code{-nodefaults} option will disable all those 2796default devices. 2797ETEXI 2798 2799#ifndef _WIN32 2800DEF("chroot", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_chroot, \ 2801 "-chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM\n", 2802 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2803#endif 2804STEXI 2805@item -chroot @var{dir} 2806@findex -chroot 2807Immediately before starting guest execution, chroot to the specified 2808directory. Especially useful in combination with -runas. 2809ETEXI 2810 2811#ifndef _WIN32 2812DEF("runas", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_runas, \ 2813 "-runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM\n", 2814 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2815#endif 2816STEXI 2817@item -runas @var{user} 2818@findex -runas 2819Immediately before starting guest execution, drop root privileges, switching 2820to the specified user. 2821ETEXI 2822 2823DEF("prom-env", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_prom_env, 2824 "-prom-env variable=value\n" 2825 " set OpenBIOS nvram variables\n", 2826 QEMU_ARCH_PPC | QEMU_ARCH_SPARC) 2827STEXI 2828@item -prom-env @var{variable}=@var{value} 2829@findex -prom-env 2830Set OpenBIOS nvram @var{variable} to given @var{value} (PPC, SPARC only). 2831ETEXI 2832DEF("semihosting", 0, QEMU_OPTION_semihosting, 2833 "-semihosting semihosting mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM | QEMU_ARCH_M68K | QEMU_ARCH_XTENSA) 2834STEXI 2835@item -semihosting 2836@findex -semihosting 2837Semihosting mode (ARM, M68K, Xtensa only). 2838ETEXI 2839DEF("old-param", 0, QEMU_OPTION_old_param, 2840 "-old-param old param mode\n", QEMU_ARCH_ARM) 2841STEXI 2842@item -old-param 2843@findex -old-param (ARM) 2844Old param mode (ARM only). 2845ETEXI 2846 2847DEF("sandbox", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_sandbox, \ 2848 "-sandbox <arg> Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').\n", 2849 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2850STEXI 2851@item -sandbox 2852@findex -sandbox 2853Enable Seccomp mode 2 system call filter. 'on' will enable syscall filtering and 'off' will 2854disable it. The default is 'off'. 2855ETEXI 2856 2857DEF("readconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_readconfig, 2858 "-readconfig <file>\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2859STEXI 2860@item -readconfig @var{file} 2861@findex -readconfig 2862Read device configuration from @var{file}. This approach is useful when you want to spawn 2863QEMU process with many command line options but you don't want to exceed the command line 2864character limit. 2865ETEXI 2866DEF("writeconfig", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig, 2867 "-writeconfig <file>\n" 2868 " read/write config file\n", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2869STEXI 2870@item -writeconfig @var{file} 2871@findex -writeconfig 2872Write device configuration to @var{file}. The @var{file} can be either filename to save 2873command line and device configuration into file or dash @code{-}) character to print the 2874output to stdout. This can be later used as input file for @code{-readconfig} option. 2875ETEXI 2876DEF("nodefconfig", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nodefconfig, 2877 "-nodefconfig\n" 2878 " do not load default config files at startup\n", 2879 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2880STEXI 2881@item -nodefconfig 2882@findex -nodefconfig 2883Normally QEMU loads configuration files from @var{sysconfdir} and @var{datadir} at startup. 2884The @code{-nodefconfig} option will prevent QEMU from loading any of those config files. 2885ETEXI 2886DEF("no-user-config", 0, QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig, 2887 "-no-user-config\n" 2888 " do not load user-provided config files at startup\n", 2889 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2890STEXI 2891@item -no-user-config 2892@findex -no-user-config 2893The @code{-no-user-config} option makes QEMU not load any of the user-provided 2894config files on @var{sysconfdir}, but won't make it skip the QEMU-provided config 2895files from @var{datadir}. 2896ETEXI 2897DEF("trace", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_trace, 2898 "-trace [events=<file>][,file=<file>]\n" 2899 " specify tracing options\n", 2900 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2901STEXI 2902HXCOMM This line is not accurate, as some sub-options are backend-specific but 2903HXCOMM HX does not support conditional compilation of text. 2904@item -trace [events=@var{file}][,file=@var{file}] 2905@findex -trace 2906 2907Specify tracing options. 2908 2909@table @option 2910@item events=@var{file} 2911Immediately enable events listed in @var{file}. 2912The file must contain one event name (as listed in the @var{trace-events} file) 2913per line. 2914This option is only available if QEMU has been compiled with 2915either @var{simple} or @var{stderr} tracing backend. 2916@item file=@var{file} 2917Log output traces to @var{file}. 2918 2919This option is only available if QEMU has been compiled with 2920the @var{simple} tracing backend. 2921@end table 2922ETEXI 2923 2924DEF("qtest", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest, 2925 "-qtest CHR specify tracing options\n", 2926 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2927 2928DEF("qtest-log", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log, 2929 "-qtest-log LOG specify tracing options\n", 2930 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2931 2932#ifdef __linux__ 2933DEF("enable-fips", 0, QEMU_OPTION_enablefips, 2934 "-enable-fips enable FIPS 140-2 compliance\n", 2935 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2936#endif 2937STEXI 2938@item -enable-fips 2939@findex -enable-fips 2940Enable FIPS 140-2 compliance mode. 2941ETEXI 2942 2943HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine accel=tcg property 2944DEF("no-kvm", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2945 2946HXCOMM Deprecated by kvm-pit driver properties 2947DEF("no-kvm-pit-reinjection", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit_reinjection, 2948 "", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2949 2950HXCOMM Deprecated (ignored) 2951DEF("no-kvm-pit", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_pit, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2952 2953HXCOMM Deprecated by -machine kernel_irqchip=on|off property 2954DEF("no-kvm-irqchip", 0, QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm_irqchip, "", QEMU_ARCH_I386) 2955 2956HXCOMM Deprecated (ignored) 2957DEF("tdf", 0, QEMU_OPTION_tdf,"", QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2958 2959DEF("object", HAS_ARG, QEMU_OPTION_object, 2960 "-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]\n" 2961 " create an new object of type TYPENAME setting properties\n" 2962 " in the order they are specified. Note that the 'id'\n" 2963 " property must be set. These objects are placed in the\n" 2964 " '/objects' path.\n", 2965 QEMU_ARCH_ALL) 2966 2967HXCOMM This is the last statement. Insert new options before this line! 2968STEXI 2969@end table 2970ETEXI 2971
