xref: /qemu/migration/postcopy-ram.c (revision 696ed9a9b3fee2d033d7b049ba2e6568860a25d1)

/*
 * Postcopy migration for RAM
 *
 * Copyright 2013-2015 Red Hat, Inc. and/or its affiliates
 *
 * Authors:
 *  Dave Gilbert  <dgilbert@redhat.com>
 *
 * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
 * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
 *
 */

/*
 * Postcopy is a migration technique where the execution flips from the
 * source to the destination before all the data has been copied.
 */

#include <glib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include "qemu-common.h"
#include "migration/migration.h"
#include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
#include "qemu/error-report.h"
#include "trace.h"

/* Arbitrary limit on size of each discard command,
 * keeps them around ~200 bytes
 */
#define MAX_DISCARDS_PER_COMMAND 12

struct PostcopyDiscardState {
    const char *ramblock_name;
    uint64_t offset; /* Bitmap entry for the 1st bit of this RAMBlock */
    uint16_t cur_entry;
    /*
     * Start and length of a discard range (bytes)
     */
    uint64_t start_list[MAX_DISCARDS_PER_COMMAND];
    uint64_t length_list[MAX_DISCARDS_PER_COMMAND];
    unsigned int nsentwords;
    unsigned int nsentcmds;
};

/* Postcopy needs to detect accesses to pages that haven't yet been copied
 * across, and efficiently map new pages in, the techniques for doing this
 * are target OS specific.
 */
#if defined(__linux__)

#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <asm/types.h> /* for __u64 */
#endif

#if defined(__linux__) && defined(__NR_userfaultfd)
#include <linux/userfaultfd.h>

static bool ufd_version_check(int ufd)
{
    struct uffdio_api api_struct;
    uint64_t ioctl_mask;

    api_struct.api = UFFD_API;
    api_struct.features = 0;
    if (ioctl(ufd, UFFDIO_API, &api_struct)) {
        error_report("postcopy_ram_supported_by_host: UFFDIO_API failed: %s",
                     strerror(errno));
        return false;
    }

    ioctl_mask = (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_REGISTER |
                 (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_UNREGISTER;
    if ((api_struct.ioctls & ioctl_mask) != ioctl_mask) {
        error_report("Missing userfault features: %" PRIx64,
                     (uint64_t)(~api_struct.ioctls & ioctl_mask));
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool postcopy_ram_supported_by_host(void)
{
    long pagesize = getpagesize();
    int ufd = -1;
    bool ret = false; /* Error unless we change it */
    void *testarea = NULL;
    struct uffdio_register reg_struct;
    struct uffdio_range range_struct;
    uint64_t feature_mask;

    if ((1ul << qemu_target_page_bits()) > pagesize) {
        error_report("Target page size bigger than host page size");
        goto out;
    }

    ufd = syscall(__NR_userfaultfd, O_CLOEXEC);
    if (ufd == -1) {
        error_report("%s: userfaultfd not available: %s", __func__,
                     strerror(errno));
        goto out;
    }

    /* Version and features check */
    if (!ufd_version_check(ufd)) {
        goto out;
    }

    /*
     *  We need to check that the ops we need are supported on anon memory
     *  To do that we need to register a chunk and see the flags that
     *  are returned.
     */
    testarea = mmap(NULL, pagesize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE |
                                    MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
    if (testarea == MAP_FAILED) {
        error_report("%s: Failed to map test area: %s", __func__,
                     strerror(errno));
        goto out;
    }
    g_assert(((size_t)testarea & (pagesize-1)) == 0);

    reg_struct.range.start = (uintptr_t)testarea;
    reg_struct.range.len = pagesize;
    reg_struct.mode = UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING;

    if (ioctl(ufd, UFFDIO_REGISTER, &reg_struct)) {
        error_report("%s userfault register: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
        goto out;
    }

    range_struct.start = (uintptr_t)testarea;
    range_struct.len = pagesize;
    if (ioctl(ufd, UFFDIO_UNREGISTER, &range_struct)) {
        error_report("%s userfault unregister: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
        goto out;
    }

    feature_mask = (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_WAKE |
                   (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_COPY |
                   (__u64)1 << _UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE;
    if ((reg_struct.ioctls & feature_mask) != feature_mask) {
        error_report("Missing userfault map features: %" PRIx64,
                     (uint64_t)(~reg_struct.ioctls & feature_mask));
        goto out;
    }

    /* Success! */
    ret = true;
out:
    if (testarea) {
        munmap(testarea, pagesize);
    }
    if (ufd != -1) {
        close(ufd);
    }
    return ret;
}

/**
 * postcopy_ram_discard_range: Discard a range of memory.
 * We can assume that if we've been called postcopy_ram_hosttest returned true.
 *
 * @mis: Current incoming migration state.
 * @start, @length: range of memory to discard.
 *
 * returns: 0 on success.
 */
int postcopy_ram_discard_range(MigrationIncomingState *mis, uint8_t *start,
                               size_t length)
{
    trace_postcopy_ram_discard_range(start, length);
    if (madvise(start, length, MADV_DONTNEED)) {
        error_report("%s MADV_DONTNEED: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * Setup an area of RAM so that it *can* be used for postcopy later; this
 * must be done right at the start prior to pre-copy.
 * opaque should be the MIS.
 */
static int init_range(const char *block_name, void *host_addr,
                      ram_addr_t offset, ram_addr_t length, void *opaque)
{
    MigrationIncomingState *mis = opaque;

    trace_postcopy_init_range(block_name, host_addr, offset, length);

    /*
     * We need the whole of RAM to be truly empty for postcopy, so things
     * like ROMs and any data tables built during init must be zero'd
     * - we're going to get the copy from the source anyway.
     * (Precopy will just overwrite this data, so doesn't need the discard)
     */
    if (postcopy_ram_discard_range(mis, host_addr, length)) {
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * At the end of migration, undo the effects of init_range
 * opaque should be the MIS.
 */
static int cleanup_range(const char *block_name, void *host_addr,
                        ram_addr_t offset, ram_addr_t length, void *opaque)
{
    MigrationIncomingState *mis = opaque;
    struct uffdio_range range_struct;
    trace_postcopy_cleanup_range(block_name, host_addr, offset, length);

    /*
     * We turned off hugepage for the precopy stage with postcopy enabled
     * we can turn it back on now.
     */
#ifdef MADV_HUGEPAGE
    if (madvise(host_addr, length, MADV_HUGEPAGE)) {
        error_report("%s HUGEPAGE: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }
#endif

    /*
     * We can also turn off userfault now since we should have all the
     * pages.   It can be useful to leave it on to debug postcopy
     * if you're not sure it's always getting every page.
     */
    range_struct.start = (uintptr_t)host_addr;
    range_struct.len = length;

    if (ioctl(mis->userfault_fd, UFFDIO_UNREGISTER, &range_struct)) {
        error_report("%s: userfault unregister %s", __func__, strerror(errno));

        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * Initialise postcopy-ram, setting the RAM to a state where we can go into
 * postcopy later; must be called prior to any precopy.
 * called from arch_init's similarly named ram_postcopy_incoming_init
 */
int postcopy_ram_incoming_init(MigrationIncomingState *mis, size_t ram_pages)
{
    if (qemu_ram_foreach_block(init_range, mis)) {
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * At the end of a migration where postcopy_ram_incoming_init was called.
 */
int postcopy_ram_incoming_cleanup(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
    /* TODO: Join the fault thread once we're sure it will exit */
    if (qemu_ram_foreach_block(cleanup_range, mis)) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (mis->postcopy_tmp_page) {
        munmap(mis->postcopy_tmp_page, getpagesize());
        mis->postcopy_tmp_page = NULL;
    }
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Mark the given area of RAM as requiring notification to unwritten areas
 * Used as a  callback on qemu_ram_foreach_block.
 *   host_addr: Base of area to mark
 *   offset: Offset in the whole ram arena
 *   length: Length of the section
 *   opaque: MigrationIncomingState pointer
 * Returns 0 on success
 */
static int ram_block_enable_notify(const char *block_name, void *host_addr,
                                   ram_addr_t offset, ram_addr_t length,
                                   void *opaque)
{
    MigrationIncomingState *mis = opaque;
    struct uffdio_register reg_struct;

    reg_struct.range.start = (uintptr_t)host_addr;
    reg_struct.range.len = length;
    reg_struct.mode = UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING;

    /* Now tell our userfault_fd that it's responsible for this area */
    if (ioctl(mis->userfault_fd, UFFDIO_REGISTER, &reg_struct)) {
        error_report("%s userfault register: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * Handle faults detected by the USERFAULT markings
 */
static void *postcopy_ram_fault_thread(void *opaque)
{
    MigrationIncomingState *mis = opaque;

    fprintf(stderr, "postcopy_ram_fault_thread\n");
    /* TODO: In later patch */
    qemu_sem_post(&mis->fault_thread_sem);
    while (1) {
        /* TODO: In later patch */
    }

    return NULL;
}

int postcopy_ram_enable_notify(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
    /* Create the fault handler thread and wait for it to be ready */
    qemu_sem_init(&mis->fault_thread_sem, 0);
    qemu_thread_create(&mis->fault_thread, "postcopy/fault",
                       postcopy_ram_fault_thread, mis, QEMU_THREAD_JOINABLE);
    qemu_sem_wait(&mis->fault_thread_sem);
    qemu_sem_destroy(&mis->fault_thread_sem);

    /* Mark so that we get notified of accesses to unwritten areas */
    if (qemu_ram_foreach_block(ram_block_enable_notify, mis)) {
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * Place a host page (from) at (host) atomically
 * returns 0 on success
 */
int postcopy_place_page(MigrationIncomingState *mis, void *host, void *from)
{
    struct uffdio_copy copy_struct;

    copy_struct.dst = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)host;
    copy_struct.src = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)from;
    copy_struct.len = getpagesize();
    copy_struct.mode = 0;

    /* copy also acks to the kernel waking the stalled thread up
     * TODO: We can inhibit that ack and only do it if it was requested
     * which would be slightly cheaper, but we'd have to be careful
     * of the order of updating our page state.
     */
    if (ioctl(mis->userfault_fd, UFFDIO_COPY, &copy_struct)) {
        int e = errno;
        error_report("%s: %s copy host: %p from: %p",
                     __func__, strerror(e), host, from);

        return -e;
    }

    trace_postcopy_place_page(host);
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Place a zero page at (host) atomically
 * returns 0 on success
 */
int postcopy_place_page_zero(MigrationIncomingState *mis, void *host)
{
    struct uffdio_zeropage zero_struct;

    zero_struct.range.start = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)host;
    zero_struct.range.len = getpagesize();
    zero_struct.mode = 0;

    if (ioctl(mis->userfault_fd, UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE, &zero_struct)) {
        int e = errno;
        error_report("%s: %s zero host: %p",
                     __func__, strerror(e), host);

        return -e;
    }

    trace_postcopy_place_page_zero(host);
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Returns a target page of memory that can be mapped at a later point in time
 * using postcopy_place_page
 * The same address is used repeatedly, postcopy_place_page just takes the
 * backing page away.
 * Returns: Pointer to allocated page
 *
 */
void *postcopy_get_tmp_page(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
    if (!mis->postcopy_tmp_page) {
        mis->postcopy_tmp_page = mmap(NULL, getpagesize(),
                             PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE |
                             MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
        if (!mis->postcopy_tmp_page) {
            error_report("%s: %s", __func__, strerror(errno));
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    return mis->postcopy_tmp_page;
}

#else
/* No target OS support, stubs just fail */
bool postcopy_ram_supported_by_host(void)
{
    error_report("%s: No OS support", __func__);
    return false;
}

int postcopy_ram_incoming_init(MigrationIncomingState *mis, size_t ram_pages)
{
    error_report("postcopy_ram_incoming_init: No OS support");
    return -1;
}

int postcopy_ram_incoming_cleanup(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
    assert(0);
    return -1;
}

int postcopy_ram_discard_range(MigrationIncomingState *mis, uint8_t *start,
                               size_t length)
{
    assert(0);
    return -1;
}

int postcopy_ram_enable_notify(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
    assert(0);
    return -1;
}

int postcopy_place_page(MigrationIncomingState *mis, void *host, void *from)
{
    assert(0);
    return -1;
}

int postcopy_place_page_zero(MigrationIncomingState *mis, void *host)
{
    assert(0);
    return -1;
}

void *postcopy_get_tmp_page(MigrationIncomingState *mis)
{
    assert(0);
    return NULL;
}

#endif

/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/**
 * postcopy_discard_send_init: Called at the start of each RAMBlock before
 *   asking to discard individual ranges.
 *
 * @ms: The current migration state.
 * @offset: the bitmap offset of the named RAMBlock in the migration
 *   bitmap.
 * @name: RAMBlock that discards will operate on.
 *
 * returns: a new PDS.
 */
PostcopyDiscardState *postcopy_discard_send_init(MigrationState *ms,
                                                 unsigned long offset,
                                                 const char *name)
{
    PostcopyDiscardState *res = g_malloc0(sizeof(PostcopyDiscardState));

    if (res) {
        res->ramblock_name = name;
        res->offset = offset;
    }

    return res;
}

/**
 * postcopy_discard_send_range: Called by the bitmap code for each chunk to
 *   discard. May send a discard message, may just leave it queued to
 *   be sent later.
 *
 * @ms: Current migration state.
 * @pds: Structure initialised by postcopy_discard_send_init().
 * @start,@length: a range of pages in the migration bitmap in the
 *   RAM block passed to postcopy_discard_send_init() (length=1 is one page)
 */
void postcopy_discard_send_range(MigrationState *ms, PostcopyDiscardState *pds,
                                unsigned long start, unsigned long length)
{
    size_t tp_bits = qemu_target_page_bits();
    /* Convert to byte offsets within the RAM block */
    pds->start_list[pds->cur_entry] = (start - pds->offset) << tp_bits;
    pds->length_list[pds->cur_entry] = length << tp_bits;
    trace_postcopy_discard_send_range(pds->ramblock_name, start, length);
    pds->cur_entry++;
    pds->nsentwords++;

    if (pds->cur_entry == MAX_DISCARDS_PER_COMMAND) {
        /* Full set, ship it! */
        qemu_savevm_send_postcopy_ram_discard(ms->file, pds->ramblock_name,
                                              pds->cur_entry,
                                              pds->start_list,
                                              pds->length_list);
        pds->nsentcmds++;
        pds->cur_entry = 0;
    }
}

/**
 * postcopy_discard_send_finish: Called at the end of each RAMBlock by the
 * bitmap code. Sends any outstanding discard messages, frees the PDS
 *
 * @ms: Current migration state.
 * @pds: Structure initialised by postcopy_discard_send_init().
 */
void postcopy_discard_send_finish(MigrationState *ms, PostcopyDiscardState *pds)
{
    /* Anything unsent? */
    if (pds->cur_entry) {
        qemu_savevm_send_postcopy_ram_discard(ms->file, pds->ramblock_name,
                                              pds->cur_entry,
                                              pds->start_list,
                                              pds->length_list);
        pds->nsentcmds++;
    }

    trace_postcopy_discard_send_finish(pds->ramblock_name, pds->nsentwords,
                                       pds->nsentcmds);

    g_free(pds);
}