include/qemu/timer.h

#ifndef QEMU_TIMER_H
#define QEMU_TIMER_H

#include "qemu/bitops.h"
#include "qemu/notify.h"
#include "qemu/host-utils.h"

#define NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND 1000000000LL

/* timers */

#define SCALE_MS 1000000
#define SCALE_US 1000
#define SCALE_NS 1

/**
 * QEMUClockType:
 *
 * The following clock types are available:
 *
 * @QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME: Real time clock
 *
 * The real time clock should be used only for stuff which does not
 * change the virtual machine state, as it runs even if the virtual
 * machine is stopped.
 *
 * @QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL: virtual clock
 *
 * The virtual clock only runs during the emulation. It stops
 * when the virtual machine is stopped.
 *
 * @QEMU_CLOCK_HOST: host clock
 *
 * The host clock should be used for device models that emulate accurate
 * real time sources. It will continue to run when the virtual machine
 * is suspended, and it will reflect system time changes the host may
 * undergo (e.g. due to NTP).
 *
 * @QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL_RT: realtime clock used for icount warp
 *
 * Outside icount mode, this clock is the same as @QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL.
 * In icount mode, this clock counts nanoseconds while the virtual
 * machine is running.  It is used to increase @QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL
 * while the CPUs are sleeping and thus not executing instructions.
 */

typedef enum {
    QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME = 0,
    QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL = 1,
    QEMU_CLOCK_HOST = 2,
    QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL_RT = 3,
    QEMU_CLOCK_MAX
} QEMUClockType;

/**
 * QEMU Timer attributes:
 *
 * An individual timer may be given one or multiple attributes when initialized.
 * Each attribute corresponds to one bit. Attributes modify the processing
 * of timers when they fire.
 *
 * The following attributes are available:
 *
 * QEMU_TIMER_ATTR_EXTERNAL: drives external subsystem
 * QEMU_TIMER_ATTR_ALL: mask for all existing attributes
 *
 * Timers with this attribute do not recorded in rr mode, therefore it could be
 * used for the subsystems that operate outside the guest core. Applicable only
 * with virtual clock type.
 */

#define QEMU_TIMER_ATTR_EXTERNAL ((int)BIT(0))
#define QEMU_TIMER_ATTR_ALL      0xffffffff

typedef struct QEMUTimerList QEMUTimerList;

struct QEMUTimerListGroup {
    QEMUTimerList *tl[QEMU_CLOCK_MAX];
};

typedef void QEMUTimerCB(void *opaque);
typedef void QEMUTimerListNotifyCB(void *opaque, QEMUClockType type);

struct QEMUTimer {
    int64_t expire_time;        /* in nanoseconds */
    QEMUTimerList *timer_list;
    QEMUTimerCB *cb;
    void *opaque;
    QEMUTimer *next;
    int attributes;
    int scale;
};

extern QEMUTimerListGroup main_loop_tlg;

/*
 * qemu_clock_get_ns;
 * @type: the clock type
 *
 * Get the nanosecond value of a clock with
 * type @type
 *
 * Returns: the clock value in nanoseconds
 */
int64_t qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMUClockType type);

/**
 * qemu_clock_get_ms;
 * @type: the clock type
 *
 * Get the millisecond value of a clock with
 * type @type
 *
 * Returns: the clock value in milliseconds
 */
static inline int64_t qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMUClockType type)
{
    return qemu_clock_get_ns(type) / SCALE_MS;
}

/**
 * qemu_clock_get_us;
 * @type: the clock type
 *
 * Get the microsecond value of a clock with
 * type @type
 *
 * Returns: the clock value in microseconds
 */
static inline int64_t qemu_clock_get_us(QEMUClockType type)
{
    return qemu_clock_get_ns(type) / SCALE_US;
}

/**
 * qemu_clock_has_timers:
 * @type: the clock type
 *
 * Determines whether a clock's default timer list
 * has timers attached
 *
 * Note that this function should not be used when other threads also access
 * the timer list.  The return value may be outdated by the time it is acted
 * upon.
 *
 * Returns: true if the clock's default timer list
 * has timers attached
 */
bool qemu_clock_has_timers(QEMUClockType type);

/**
 * qemu_clock_expired:
 * @type: the clock type
 *
 * Determines whether a clock's default timer list
 * has an expired timer.
 *
 * Returns: true if the clock's default timer list has
 * an expired timer
 */
bool qemu_clock_expired(QEMUClockType type);

/**
 * qemu_clock_use_for_deadline:
 * @type: the clock type
 *
 * Determine whether a clock should be used for deadline
 * calculations. Some clocks, for instance vm_clock with
 * icount_enabled() set, do not count in nanoseconds.
 * Such clocks are not used for deadline calculations, and are presumed
 * to interrupt any poll using qemu_notify/aio_notify
 * etc.
 *
 * Returns: true if the clock runs in nanoseconds and
 * should be used for a deadline.
 */
bool qemu_clock_use_for_deadline(QEMUClockType type);

/**
 * qemu_clock_deadline_ns_all:
 * @type: the clock type
 * @attr_mask: mask for the timer attributes that are included
 *             in deadline calculation
 *
 * Calculate the deadline across all timer lists associated
 * with a clock (as opposed to just the default one)
 * in nanoseconds, or -1 if no timer is set to expire.
 *
 * Returns: time until expiry in nanoseconds or -1
 */
int64_t qemu_clock_deadline_ns_all(QEMUClockType type, int attr_mask);

/**
 * qemu_clock_nofify:
 * @type: the clock type
 *
 * Call the notifier callback connected with the default timer
 * list linked to the clock, or qemu_notify() if none.
 */
void qemu_clock_notify(QEMUClockType type);

/**
 * qemu_clock_enable:
 * @type: the clock type
 * @enabled: true to enable, false to disable
 *
 * Enable or disable a clock
 * Disabling the clock will wait for related timerlists to stop
 * executing qemu_run_timers.  Thus, this functions should not
 * be used from the callback of a timer that is based on @clock.
 * Doing so would cause a deadlock.
 *
 * Caller should hold BQL.
 */
void qemu_clock_enable(QEMUClockType type, bool enabled);

/**
 * qemu_clock_run_timers:
 * @type: clock on which to operate
 *
 * Run all the timers associated with the default timer list
 * of a clock.
 *
 * Returns: true if any timer ran.
 */
bool qemu_clock_run_timers(QEMUClockType type);

/**
 * qemu_clock_run_all_timers:
 *
 * Run all the timers associated with the default timer list
 * of every clock.
 *
 * Returns: true if any timer ran.
 */
bool qemu_clock_run_all_timers(void);

/**
 * qemu_clock_advance_virtual_time(): advance the virtual time tick
 * @target_ns: target time in nanoseconds
 *
 * This function is used where the control of the flow of time has
 * been delegated to outside the clock subsystem (be it qtest, icount
 * or some other external source). You can ask the clock system to
 * return @early at the first expired timer.
 *
 * Time can only move forward, attempts to reverse time would lead to
 * an error.
 *
 * Returns: new virtual time.
 */
int64_t qemu_clock_advance_virtual_time(int64_t target_ns);

/*
 * QEMUTimerList
 */

/**
 * timerlist_new:
 * @type: the clock type to associate with the timerlist
 * @cb: the callback to call on notification
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to pass to the callback
 *
 * Create a new timerlist associated with the clock of
 * type @type.
 *
 * Returns: a pointer to the QEMUTimerList created
 */
QEMUTimerList *timerlist_new(QEMUClockType type,
                             QEMUTimerListNotifyCB *cb, void *opaque);

/**
 * timerlist_free:
 * @timer_list: the timer list to free
 *
 * Frees a timer_list. It must have no active timers.
 */
void timerlist_free(QEMUTimerList *timer_list);

/**
 * timerlist_has_timers:
 * @timer_list: the timer list to operate on
 *
 * Determine whether a timer list has active timers
 *
 * Note that this function should not be used when other threads also access
 * the timer list.  The return value may be outdated by the time it is acted
 * upon.
 *
 * Returns: true if the timer list has timers.
 */
bool timerlist_has_timers(QEMUTimerList *timer_list);

/**
 * timerlist_expired:
 * @timer_list: the timer list to operate on
 *
 * Determine whether a timer list has any timers which
 * are expired.
 *
 * Returns: true if the timer list has timers which
 * have expired.
 */
bool timerlist_expired(QEMUTimerList *timer_list);

/**
 * timerlist_deadline_ns:
 * @timer_list: the timer list to operate on
 *
 * Determine the deadline for a timer_list, i.e.
 * the number of nanoseconds until the first timer
 * expires. Return -1 if there are no timers.
 *
 * Returns: the number of nanoseconds until the earliest
 * timer expires -1 if none
 */
int64_t timerlist_deadline_ns(QEMUTimerList *timer_list);

/**
 * timerlist_run_timers:
 * @timer_list: the timer list to use
 *
 * Call all expired timers associated with the timer list.
 *
 * Returns: true if any timer expired
 */
bool timerlist_run_timers(QEMUTimerList *timer_list);

/**
 * timerlist_notify:
 * @timer_list: the timer list to use
 *
 * call the notifier callback associated with the timer list.
 */
void timerlist_notify(QEMUTimerList *timer_list);

/*
 * QEMUTimerListGroup
 */

/**
 * timerlistgroup_init:
 * @tlg: the timer list group
 * @cb: the callback to call when a notify is required
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to be passed to the callback.
 *
 * Initialise a timer list group. This must already be
 * allocated in memory and zeroed. The notifier callback is
 * called whenever a clock in the timer list group is
 * reenabled or whenever a timer associated with any timer
 * list is modified. If @cb is specified as null, qemu_notify()
 * is used instead.
 */
void timerlistgroup_init(QEMUTimerListGroup *tlg,
                         QEMUTimerListNotifyCB *cb, void *opaque);

/**
 * timerlistgroup_deinit:
 * @tlg: the timer list group
 *
 * Deinitialise a timer list group. This must already be
 * initialised. Note the memory is not freed.
 */
void timerlistgroup_deinit(QEMUTimerListGroup *tlg);

/**
 * timerlistgroup_run_timers:
 * @tlg: the timer list group
 *
 * Run the timers associated with a timer list group.
 * This will run timers on multiple clocks.
 *
 * Returns: true if any timer callback ran
 */
bool timerlistgroup_run_timers(QEMUTimerListGroup *tlg);

/**
 * timerlistgroup_deadline_ns:
 * @tlg: the timer list group
 *
 * Determine the deadline of the soonest timer to
 * expire associated with any timer list linked to
 * the timer list group. Only clocks suitable for
 * deadline calculation are included.
 *
 * Returns: the deadline in nanoseconds or -1 if no
 * timers are to expire.
 */
int64_t timerlistgroup_deadline_ns(QEMUTimerListGroup *tlg);

/*
 * QEMUTimer
 */

/**
 * timer_init_full:
 * @ts: the timer to be initialised
 * @timer_list_group: (optional) the timer list group to attach the timer to
 * @type: the clock type to use
 * @scale: the scale value for the timer
 * @attributes: 0, or one or more OR'ed QEMU_TIMER_ATTR_<id> values
 * @cb: the callback to be called when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to be passed to the callback
 *
 * Initialise a timer with the given scale and attributes,
 * and associate it with timer list for given clock @type in @timer_list_group
 * (or default timer list group, if NULL).
 * The caller is responsible for allocating the memory.
 *
 * You need not call an explicit deinit call. Simply make
 * sure it is not on a list with timer_del.
 */
void timer_init_full(QEMUTimer *ts,
                     QEMUTimerListGroup *timer_list_group, QEMUClockType type,
                     int scale, int attributes,
                     QEMUTimerCB *cb, void *opaque);

/**
 * timer_init:
 * @ts: the timer to be initialised
 * @type: the clock to associate with the timer
 * @scale: the scale value for the timer
 * @cb: the callback to call when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to pass to the callback
 *
 * Initialize a timer with the given scale on the default timer list
 * associated with the clock.
 * See timer_init_full for details.
 */
static inline void timer_init(QEMUTimer *ts, QEMUClockType type, int scale,
                              QEMUTimerCB *cb, void *opaque)
{
    timer_init_full(ts, NULL, type, scale, 0, cb, opaque);
}

/**
 * timer_init_ns:
 * @ts: the timer to be initialised
 * @type: the clock to associate with the timer
 * @cb: the callback to call when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to pass to the callback
 *
 * Initialize a timer with nanosecond scale on the default timer list
 * associated with the clock.
 * See timer_init_full for details.
 */
static inline void timer_init_ns(QEMUTimer *ts, QEMUClockType type,
                                 QEMUTimerCB *cb, void *opaque)
{
    timer_init(ts, type, SCALE_NS, cb, opaque);
}

/**
 * timer_init_us:
 * @ts: the timer to be initialised
 * @type: the clock to associate with the timer
 * @cb: the callback to call when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to pass to the callback
 *
 * Initialize a timer with microsecond scale on the default timer list
 * associated with the clock.
 * See timer_init_full for details.
 */
static inline void timer_init_us(QEMUTimer *ts, QEMUClockType type,
                                 QEMUTimerCB *cb, void *opaque)
{
    timer_init(ts, type, SCALE_US, cb, opaque);
}

/**
 * timer_init_ms:
 * @ts: the timer to be initialised
 * @type: the clock to associate with the timer
 * @cb: the callback to call when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to pass to the callback
 *
 * Initialize a timer with millisecond scale on the default timer list
 * associated with the clock.
 * See timer_init_full for details.
 */
static inline void timer_init_ms(QEMUTimer *ts, QEMUClockType type,
                                 QEMUTimerCB *cb, void *opaque)
{
    timer_init(ts, type, SCALE_MS, cb, opaque);
}

/**
 * timer_new_full:
 * @timer_list_group: (optional) the timer list group to attach the timer to
 * @type: the clock type to use
 * @scale: the scale value for the timer
 * @attributes: 0, or one or more OR'ed QEMU_TIMER_ATTR_<id> values
 * @cb: the callback to be called when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to be passed to the callback
 *
 * Create a new timer with the given scale and attributes,
 * and associate it with timer list for given clock @type in @timer_list_group
 * (or default timer list group, if NULL).
 * The memory is allocated by the function.
 *
 * This is not the preferred interface unless you know you
 * are going to call timer_free. Use timer_init or timer_init_full instead.
 *
 * The default timer list has one special feature: in icount mode,
 * %QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL timers are run in the vCPU thread.  This is
 * not true of other timer lists, which are typically associated
 * with an AioContext---each of them runs its timer callbacks in its own
 * AioContext thread.
 *
 * The timer returned must be freed using timer_free().
 *
 * Returns: a pointer to the timer
 */
static inline QEMUTimer *timer_new_full(QEMUTimerListGroup *timer_list_group,
                                        QEMUClockType type,
                                        int scale, int attributes,
                                        QEMUTimerCB *cb, void *opaque)
{
    QEMUTimer *ts = g_new0(QEMUTimer, 1);
    timer_init_full(ts, timer_list_group, type, scale, attributes, cb, opaque);
    return ts;
}

/**
 * timer_new:
 * @type: the clock type to use
 * @scale: the scale value for the timer
 * @cb: the callback to be called when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to be passed to the callback
 *
 * Create a new timer with the given scale,
 * and associate it with the default timer list for the clock type @type.
 * See timer_new_full for details.
 *
 * The timer returned must be freed using timer_free().
 *
 * Returns: a pointer to the timer
 */
static inline QEMUTimer *timer_new(QEMUClockType type, int scale,
                                   QEMUTimerCB *cb, void *opaque)
{
    return timer_new_full(NULL, type, scale, 0, cb, opaque);
}

/**
 * timer_new_ns:
 * @type: the clock type to associate with the timer
 * @cb: the callback to call when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to pass to the callback
 *
 * Create a new timer with nanosecond scale on the default timer list
 * associated with the clock.
 * See timer_new_full for details.
 *
 * The timer returned must be freed using timer_free().
 *
 * Returns: a pointer to the newly created timer
 */
static inline QEMUTimer *timer_new_ns(QEMUClockType type, QEMUTimerCB *cb,
                                      void *opaque)
{
    return timer_new(type, SCALE_NS, cb, opaque);
}

/**
 * timer_new_us:
 * @type: the clock type to associate with the timer
 * @cb: the callback to call when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to pass to the callback
 *
 * Create a new timer with microsecond scale on the default timer list
 * associated with the clock.
 * See timer_new_full for details.
 *
 * The timer returned must be freed using timer_free().
 *
 * Returns: a pointer to the newly created timer
 */
static inline QEMUTimer *timer_new_us(QEMUClockType type, QEMUTimerCB *cb,
                                      void *opaque)
{
    return timer_new(type, SCALE_US, cb, opaque);
}

/**
 * timer_new_ms:
 * @type: the clock type to associate with the timer
 * @cb: the callback to call when the timer expires
 * @opaque: the opaque pointer to pass to the callback
 *
 * Create a new timer with millisecond scale on the default timer list
 * associated with the clock.
 * See timer_new_full for details.
 *
 * The timer returned must be freed using timer_free().
 *
 * Returns: a pointer to the newly created timer
 */
static inline QEMUTimer *timer_new_ms(QEMUClockType type, QEMUTimerCB *cb,
                                      void *opaque)
{
    return timer_new(type, SCALE_MS, cb, opaque);
}

/**
 * timer_deinit:
 * @ts: the timer to be de-initialised
 *
 * Deassociate the timer from any timerlist.  You should
 * call timer_del before.  After this call, any further
 * timer_del call cannot cause dangling pointer accesses
 * even if the previously used timerlist is freed.
 */
void timer_deinit(QEMUTimer *ts);

/**
 * timer_del:
 * @ts: the timer
 *
 * Delete a timer from the active list.
 *
 * This function is thread-safe but the timer and its timer list must not be
 * freed while this function is running.
 */
void timer_del(QEMUTimer *ts);

/**
 * timer_free:
 * @ts: the timer
 *
 * Free a timer. This will call timer_del() for you to remove
 * the timer from the active list if it was still active.
 */
static inline void timer_free(QEMUTimer *ts)
{
    if (ts) {
        timer_del(ts);
        g_free(ts);
    }
}

/**
 * timer_mod_ns:
 * @ts: the timer
 * @expire_time: the expiry time in nanoseconds
 *
 * Modify a timer to expire at @expire_time
 *
 * This function is thread-safe but the timer and its timer list must not be
 * freed while this function is running.
 */
void timer_mod_ns(QEMUTimer *ts, int64_t expire_time);

/**
 * timer_mod_anticipate_ns:
 * @ts: the timer
 * @expire_time: the expiry time in nanoseconds
 *
 * Modify a timer to expire at @expire_time or the current time,
 * whichever comes earlier.
 *
 * This function is thread-safe but the timer and its timer list must not be
 * freed while this function is running.
 */
void timer_mod_anticipate_ns(QEMUTimer *ts, int64_t expire_time);

/**
 * timer_mod:
 * @ts: the timer
 * @expire_time: the expire time in the units associated with the timer
 *
 * Modify a timer to expiry at @expire_time, taking into
 * account the scale associated with the timer.
 *
 * This function is thread-safe but the timer and its timer list must not be
 * freed while this function is running.
 */
void timer_mod(QEMUTimer *ts, int64_t expire_timer);

/**
 * timer_mod_anticipate:
 * @ts: the timer
 * @expire_time: the expire time in the units associated with the timer
 *
 * Modify a timer to expire at @expire_time or the current time, whichever
 * comes earlier, taking into account the scale associated with the timer.
 *
 * This function is thread-safe but the timer and its timer list must not be
 * freed while this function is running.
 */
void timer_mod_anticipate(QEMUTimer *ts, int64_t expire_time);

/**
 * timer_pending:
 * @ts: the timer
 *
 * Determines whether a timer is pending (i.e. is on the
 * active list of timers, whether or not it has not yet expired).
 *
 * Returns: true if the timer is pending
 */
bool timer_pending(QEMUTimer *ts);

/**
 * timer_expired:
 * @ts: the timer
 * @current_time: the current time
 *
 * Determines whether a timer has expired.
 *
 * Returns: true if the timer has expired
 */
bool timer_expired(QEMUTimer *timer_head, int64_t current_time);

/**
 * timer_expire_time_ns:
 * @ts: the timer
 *
 * Determine the expiry time of a timer
 *
 * Returns: the expiry time in nanoseconds
 */
uint64_t timer_expire_time_ns(QEMUTimer *ts);

/**
 * timer_get:
 * @f: the file
 * @ts: the timer
 *
 * Read a timer @ts from a file @f
 */
void timer_get(QEMUFile *f, QEMUTimer *ts);

/**
 * timer_put:
 * @f: the file
 * @ts: the timer
 */
void timer_put(QEMUFile *f, QEMUTimer *ts);

/*
 * General utility functions
 */

/**
 * qemu_timeout_ns_to_ms:
 * @ns: nanosecond timeout value
 *
 * Convert a nanosecond timeout value (or -1) to
 * a millisecond value (or -1), always rounding up.
 *
 * Returns: millisecond timeout value
 */
int qemu_timeout_ns_to_ms(int64_t ns);

/**
 * qemu_poll_ns:
 * @fds: Array of file descriptors
 * @nfds: number of file descriptors
 * @timeout: timeout in nanoseconds
 *
 * Perform a poll like g_poll but with a timeout in nanoseconds.
 * See g_poll documentation for further details.
 *
 * Returns: number of fds ready
 */
int qemu_poll_ns(GPollFD *fds, guint nfds, int64_t timeout);

/**
 * qemu_soonest_timeout:
 * @timeout1: first timeout in nanoseconds (or -1 for infinite)
 * @timeout2: second timeout in nanoseconds (or -1 for infinite)
 *
 * Calculates the soonest of two timeout values. -1 means infinite, which
 * is later than any other value.
 *
 * Returns: soonest timeout value in nanoseconds (or -1 for infinite)
 */
static inline int64_t qemu_soonest_timeout(int64_t timeout1, int64_t timeout2)
{
    /* we can abuse the fact that -1 (which means infinite) is a maximal
     * value when cast to unsigned. As this is disgusting, it's kept in
     * one inline function.
     */
    return ((uint64_t) timeout1 < (uint64_t) timeout2) ? timeout1 : timeout2;
}

/**
 * initclocks:
 *
 * Initialise the clock & timer infrastructure
 */
void init_clocks(QEMUTimerListNotifyCB *notify_cb);

static inline int64_t get_max_clock_jump(void)
{
    /* This should be small enough to prevent excessive interrupts from being
     * generated by the RTC on clock jumps, but large enough to avoid frequent
     * unnecessary resets in idle VMs.
     */
    return 60 * NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND;
}

/*
 * Low level clock functions
 */

/* get host real time in nanosecond */
static inline int64_t get_clock_realtime(void)
{
    struct timeval tv;

    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
    return tv.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + (tv.tv_usec * 1000);
}

extern int64_t clock_start;

/* Warning: don't insert tracepoints into these functions, they are
   also used by simpletrace backend and tracepoints would cause
   an infinite recursion! */
#ifdef _WIN32
extern int64_t clock_freq;

static inline int64_t get_clock(void)
{
    LARGE_INTEGER ti;
    QueryPerformanceCounter(&ti);
    return muldiv64(ti.QuadPart, NANOSECONDS_PER_SECOND, clock_freq);
}

#else

extern int use_rt_clock;

static inline int64_t get_clock(void)
{
    if (use_rt_clock) {
        struct timespec ts;
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
        return ts.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + ts.tv_nsec;
    } else {
        /* XXX: using gettimeofday leads to problems if the date
           changes, so it should be avoided. */
        return get_clock_realtime();
    }
}
#endif

/*******************************************/
/* host CPU ticks (if available) */

#if defined(_ARCH_PPC)

static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    int64_t retval;
#ifdef _ARCH_PPC64
    /* This reads timebase in one 64bit go and includes Cell workaround from:
       http://ozlabs.org/pipermail/linuxppc-dev/2006-October/027052.html
    */
    __asm__ __volatile__ ("mftb    %0\n\t"
                          "cmpwi   %0,0\n\t"
                          "beq-    $-8"
                          : "=r" (retval));
#else
    /* http://ozlabs.org/pipermail/linuxppc-dev/1999-October/003889.html */
    unsigned long junk;
    __asm__ __volatile__ ("mfspr   %1,269\n\t"  /* mftbu */
                          "mfspr   %L0,268\n\t" /* mftb */
                          "mfspr   %0,269\n\t"  /* mftbu */
                          "cmpw    %0,%1\n\t"
                          "bne     $-16"
                          : "=r" (retval), "=r" (junk));
#endif
    return retval;
}

#elif defined(__i386__)

static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    int64_t val;
    asm volatile ("rdtsc" : "=A" (val));
    return val;
}

#elif defined(__x86_64__)

static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    uint32_t low,high;
    int64_t val;
    asm volatile("rdtsc" : "=a" (low), "=d" (high));
    val = high;
    val <<= 32;
    val |= low;
    return val;
}

#elif defined(__hppa__)

static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    int val;
    asm volatile ("mfctl %%cr16, %0" : "=r"(val));
    return val;
}

#elif defined(__s390__)

static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    int64_t val;
    asm volatile("stck 0(%1)" : "=m" (val) : "a" (&val) : "cc");
    return val;
}

#elif defined(__sparc__)

static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks (void)
{
#if defined(_LP64)
    uint64_t        rval;
    asm volatile("rd %%tick,%0" : "=r"(rval));
    return rval;
#else
    /* We need an %o or %g register for this.  For recent enough gcc
       there is an "h" constraint for that.  Don't bother with that.  */
    union {
        uint64_t i64;
        struct {
            uint32_t high;
            uint32_t low;
        }       i32;
    } rval;
    asm volatile("rd %%tick,%%g1; srlx %%g1,32,%0; mov %%g1,%1"
                 : "=r"(rval.i32.high), "=r"(rval.i32.low) : : "g1");
    return rval.i64;
#endif
}

#elif defined(__mips__) && \
    ((defined(__mips_isa_rev) && __mips_isa_rev >= 2) || defined(__linux__))
/*
 * binutils wants to use rdhwr only on mips32r2
 * but as linux kernel emulate it, it's fine
 * to use it.
 *
 */
#define MIPS_RDHWR(rd, value) {                         \
        __asm__ __volatile__ (".set   push\n\t"         \
                              ".set mips32r2\n\t"       \
                              "rdhwr  %0, "rd"\n\t"     \
                              ".set   pop"              \
                              : "=r" (value));          \
    }

static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    /* On kernels >= 2.6.25 rdhwr <reg>, $2 and $3 are emulated */
    uint32_t count;
    static uint32_t cyc_per_count = 0;

    if (!cyc_per_count) {
        MIPS_RDHWR("$3", cyc_per_count);
    }

    MIPS_RDHWR("$2", count);
    return (int64_t)(count * cyc_per_count);
}

#elif defined(__alpha__)

static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    uint64_t cc;
    uint32_t cur, ofs;

    asm volatile("rpcc %0" : "=r"(cc));
    cur = cc;
    ofs = cc >> 32;
    return cur - ofs;
}

#elif defined(__riscv) && __riscv_xlen == 32
static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    uint32_t lo, hi, tmph;
    do {
        asm volatile("RDTIMEH %0\n\t"
                     "RDTIME %1\n\t"
                     "RDTIMEH %2"
                     : "=r"(hi), "=r"(lo), "=r"(tmph));
    } while (unlikely(tmph != hi));
    return lo | (uint64_t)hi << 32;
}

#elif defined(__riscv) && __riscv_xlen > 32
static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    int64_t val;

    asm volatile("RDTIME %0" : "=r"(val));
    return val;
}

#elif defined(__loongarch64)
static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    uint64_t val;

    asm volatile("rdtime.d %0, $zero" : "=r"(val));
    return val;
}

#else
/* The host CPU doesn't have an easily accessible cycle counter.
   Just return a monotonically increasing value.  This will be
   totally wrong, but hopefully better than nothing.  */
static inline int64_t cpu_get_host_ticks(void)
{
    return get_clock();
}
#endif

#endif