1273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* 2273a70aeSPeter Maydell * Arm MPS3 board emulation for Cortex-R-based FPGA images. 3273a70aeSPeter Maydell * (For M-profile images see mps2.c and mps2tz.c.) 4273a70aeSPeter Maydell * 5273a70aeSPeter Maydell * Copyright (c) 2017 Linaro Limited 6273a70aeSPeter Maydell * Written by Peter Maydell 7273a70aeSPeter Maydell * 8273a70aeSPeter Maydell * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 9273a70aeSPeter Maydell * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or 10273a70aeSPeter Maydell * (at your option) any later version. 11273a70aeSPeter Maydell */ 12273a70aeSPeter Maydell 13273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* 14273a70aeSPeter Maydell * The MPS3 is an FPGA based dev board. This file handles FPGA images 15273a70aeSPeter Maydell * which use the Cortex-R CPUs. We model these separately from the 16273a70aeSPeter Maydell * M-profile images, because on M-profile the FPGA image is based on 17273a70aeSPeter Maydell * a "Subsystem for Embedded" which is similar to an SoC, whereas 18273a70aeSPeter Maydell * the R-profile FPGA images don't have that abstraction layer. 19273a70aeSPeter Maydell * 20273a70aeSPeter Maydell * We model the following FPGA images here: 21273a70aeSPeter Maydell * "mps3-an536" -- dual Cortex-R52 as documented in Arm Application Note AN536 22273a70aeSPeter Maydell * 23273a70aeSPeter Maydell * Application Note AN536: 24273a70aeSPeter Maydell * https://developer.arm.com/documentation/dai0536/latest/ 25273a70aeSPeter Maydell */ 26273a70aeSPeter Maydell 27273a70aeSPeter Maydell #include "qemu/osdep.h" 28273a70aeSPeter Maydell #include "qemu/units.h" 29273a70aeSPeter Maydell #include "qapi/error.h" 30*407bc4bfSDaniel P. Berrangé #include "qobject/qlist.h" 31273a70aeSPeter Maydell #include "exec/address-spaces.h" 32273a70aeSPeter Maydell #include "cpu.h" 3332cad1ffSPhilippe Mathieu-Daudé #include "system/system.h" 34273a70aeSPeter Maydell #include "hw/boards.h" 35a71e2646SPeter Maydell #include "hw/or-irq.h" 360482e762SPeter Maydell #include "hw/qdev-clock.h" 379220b09dSPeter Maydell #include "hw/qdev-properties.h" 38273a70aeSPeter Maydell #include "hw/arm/boot.h" 399220b09dSPeter Maydell #include "hw/arm/bsa.h" 40a71e2646SPeter Maydell #include "hw/char/cmsdk-apb-uart.h" 410482e762SPeter Maydell #include "hw/i2c/arm_sbcon_i2c.h" 429220b09dSPeter Maydell #include "hw/intc/arm_gicv3.h" 4382e2b7e3SPeter Maydell #include "hw/misc/mps2-scc.h" 4482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell #include "hw/misc/mps2-fpgaio.h" 450482e762SPeter Maydell #include "hw/misc/unimp.h" 4682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell #include "hw/net/lan9118.h" 4782e2b7e3SPeter Maydell #include "hw/rtc/pl031.h" 4882e2b7e3SPeter Maydell #include "hw/ssi/pl022.h" 490482e762SPeter Maydell #include "hw/timer/cmsdk-apb-dualtimer.h" 500482e762SPeter Maydell #include "hw/watchdog/cmsdk-apb-watchdog.h" 51273a70aeSPeter Maydell 52273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* Define the layout of RAM and ROM in a board */ 53273a70aeSPeter Maydell typedef struct RAMInfo { 54273a70aeSPeter Maydell const char *name; 55273a70aeSPeter Maydell hwaddr base; 56273a70aeSPeter Maydell hwaddr size; 57273a70aeSPeter Maydell int mrindex; /* index into rams[]; -1 for the system RAM block */ 58273a70aeSPeter Maydell int flags; 59273a70aeSPeter Maydell } RAMInfo; 60273a70aeSPeter Maydell 61273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* 62273a70aeSPeter Maydell * The MPS3 DDR is 3GiB, but on a 32-bit host QEMU doesn't permit 63273a70aeSPeter Maydell * emulation of that much guest RAM, so artificially make it smaller. 64273a70aeSPeter Maydell */ 65273a70aeSPeter Maydell #if HOST_LONG_BITS == 32 66273a70aeSPeter Maydell #define MPS3_DDR_SIZE (1 * GiB) 67273a70aeSPeter Maydell #else 68273a70aeSPeter Maydell #define MPS3_DDR_SIZE (3 * GiB) 69273a70aeSPeter Maydell #endif 70273a70aeSPeter Maydell 71273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* 72273a70aeSPeter Maydell * Flag values: 73273a70aeSPeter Maydell * IS_MAIN: this is the main machine RAM 74273a70aeSPeter Maydell * IS_ROM: this area is read-only 75273a70aeSPeter Maydell */ 76273a70aeSPeter Maydell #define IS_MAIN 1 77273a70aeSPeter Maydell #define IS_ROM 2 78273a70aeSPeter Maydell 79273a70aeSPeter Maydell #define MPS3R_RAM_MAX 9 809220b09dSPeter Maydell #define MPS3R_CPU_MAX 2 81a71e2646SPeter Maydell #define MPS3R_UART_MAX 4 /* shared UART count */ 829220b09dSPeter Maydell 839220b09dSPeter Maydell #define PERIPHBASE 0xf0000000 849220b09dSPeter Maydell #define NUM_SPIS 96 85273a70aeSPeter Maydell 86273a70aeSPeter Maydell typedef enum MPS3RFPGAType { 87273a70aeSPeter Maydell FPGA_AN536, 88273a70aeSPeter Maydell } MPS3RFPGAType; 89273a70aeSPeter Maydell 90273a70aeSPeter Maydell struct MPS3RMachineClass { 91273a70aeSPeter Maydell MachineClass parent; 92273a70aeSPeter Maydell MPS3RFPGAType fpga_type; 93273a70aeSPeter Maydell const RAMInfo *raminfo; 949220b09dSPeter Maydell hwaddr loader_start; 95273a70aeSPeter Maydell }; 96273a70aeSPeter Maydell 97273a70aeSPeter Maydell struct MPS3RMachineState { 98273a70aeSPeter Maydell MachineState parent; 999220b09dSPeter Maydell struct arm_boot_info bootinfo; 100273a70aeSPeter Maydell MemoryRegion ram[MPS3R_RAM_MAX]; 1019220b09dSPeter Maydell Object *cpu[MPS3R_CPU_MAX]; 1029220b09dSPeter Maydell MemoryRegion cpu_sysmem[MPS3R_CPU_MAX]; 1039220b09dSPeter Maydell MemoryRegion sysmem_alias[MPS3R_CPU_MAX]; 1049220b09dSPeter Maydell MemoryRegion cpu_ram[MPS3R_CPU_MAX]; 1059220b09dSPeter Maydell GICv3State gic; 106a71e2646SPeter Maydell /* per-CPU UARTs followed by the shared UARTs */ 107a71e2646SPeter Maydell CMSDKAPBUART uart[MPS3R_CPU_MAX + MPS3R_UART_MAX]; 108a71e2646SPeter Maydell OrIRQState cpu_uart_oflow[MPS3R_CPU_MAX]; 109a71e2646SPeter Maydell OrIRQState uart_oflow; 1100482e762SPeter Maydell CMSDKAPBWatchdog watchdog; 1110482e762SPeter Maydell CMSDKAPBDualTimer dualtimer; 1120482e762SPeter Maydell ArmSbconI2CState i2c[5]; 11382e2b7e3SPeter Maydell PL022State spi[3]; 11482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell MPS2SCC scc; 11582e2b7e3SPeter Maydell MPS2FPGAIO fpgaio; 11682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell UnimplementedDeviceState i2s_audio; 11782e2b7e3SPeter Maydell PL031State rtc; 1180482e762SPeter Maydell Clock *clk; 119273a70aeSPeter Maydell }; 120273a70aeSPeter Maydell 121273a70aeSPeter Maydell #define TYPE_MPS3R_MACHINE "mps3r" 122273a70aeSPeter Maydell #define TYPE_MPS3R_AN536_MACHINE MACHINE_TYPE_NAME("mps3-an536") 123273a70aeSPeter Maydell 124273a70aeSPeter Maydell OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(MPS3RMachineState, MPS3RMachineClass, MPS3R_MACHINE) 125273a70aeSPeter Maydell 126a71e2646SPeter Maydell /* 127a71e2646SPeter Maydell * Main clock frequency CLK in Hz (50MHz). In the image there are also 128a71e2646SPeter Maydell * ACLK, MCLK, GPUCLK and PERIPHCLK at the same frequency; for our 129a71e2646SPeter Maydell * model we just roll them all into one. 130a71e2646SPeter Maydell */ 131a71e2646SPeter Maydell #define CLK_FRQ 50000000 132a71e2646SPeter Maydell 133273a70aeSPeter Maydell static const RAMInfo an536_raminfo[] = { 134273a70aeSPeter Maydell { 135273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "ATCM", 136273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0x00000000, 137273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00008000, 138273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 0, 139273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 140273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* We model the QSPI flash as simple ROM for now */ 141273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "QSPI", 142273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0x08000000, 143273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00800000, 144273a70aeSPeter Maydell .flags = IS_ROM, 145273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 1, 146273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 147273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "BRAM", 148273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0x10000000, 149273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00080000, 150273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 2, 151273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 152273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "DDR", 153273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0x20000000, 154273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = MPS3_DDR_SIZE, 155273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = -1, 156273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 157273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "ATCM0", 158273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0xee000000, 159273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00008000, 160273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 3, 161273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 162273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "BTCM0", 163273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0xee100000, 164273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00008000, 165273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 4, 166273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 167273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "CTCM0", 168273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0xee200000, 169273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00008000, 170273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 5, 171273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 172273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "ATCM1", 173273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0xee400000, 174273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00008000, 175273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 6, 176273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 177273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "BTCM1", 178273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0xee500000, 179273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00008000, 180273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 7, 181273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 182273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = "CTCM1", 183273a70aeSPeter Maydell .base = 0xee600000, 184273a70aeSPeter Maydell .size = 0x00008000, 185273a70aeSPeter Maydell .mrindex = 8, 186273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 187273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = NULL, 188273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 189273a70aeSPeter Maydell }; 190273a70aeSPeter Maydell 19182e2b7e3SPeter Maydell static const int an536_oscclk[] = { 19282e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 24000000, /* 24MHz reference for RTC and timers */ 19382e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 50000000, /* 50MHz ACLK */ 19482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 50000000, /* 50MHz MCLK */ 19582e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 50000000, /* 50MHz GPUCLK */ 19682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 24576000, /* 24.576MHz AUDCLK */ 19782e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 23750000, /* 23.75MHz HDLCDCLK */ 19882e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 100000000, /* 100MHz DDR4_REF_CLK */ 19982e2b7e3SPeter Maydell }; 20082e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 201273a70aeSPeter Maydell static MemoryRegion *mr_for_raminfo(MPS3RMachineState *mms, 202273a70aeSPeter Maydell const RAMInfo *raminfo) 203273a70aeSPeter Maydell { 204273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* Return an initialized MemoryRegion for the RAMInfo. */ 205273a70aeSPeter Maydell MemoryRegion *ram; 206273a70aeSPeter Maydell 207273a70aeSPeter Maydell if (raminfo->mrindex < 0) { 208273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* Means this RAMInfo is for QEMU's "system memory" */ 209273a70aeSPeter Maydell MachineState *machine = MACHINE(mms); 210273a70aeSPeter Maydell assert(!(raminfo->flags & IS_ROM)); 211273a70aeSPeter Maydell return machine->ram; 212273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 213273a70aeSPeter Maydell 214273a70aeSPeter Maydell assert(raminfo->mrindex < MPS3R_RAM_MAX); 215273a70aeSPeter Maydell ram = &mms->ram[raminfo->mrindex]; 216273a70aeSPeter Maydell 217273a70aeSPeter Maydell memory_region_init_ram(ram, NULL, raminfo->name, 218273a70aeSPeter Maydell raminfo->size, &error_fatal); 219273a70aeSPeter Maydell if (raminfo->flags & IS_ROM) { 220273a70aeSPeter Maydell memory_region_set_readonly(ram, true); 221273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 222273a70aeSPeter Maydell return ram; 223273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 224273a70aeSPeter Maydell 2259220b09dSPeter Maydell /* 2269220b09dSPeter Maydell * There is no defined secondary boot protocol for Linux for the AN536, 2279220b09dSPeter Maydell * because real hardware has a restriction that atomic operations between 2289220b09dSPeter Maydell * the two CPUs do not function correctly, and so true SMP is not 2299220b09dSPeter Maydell * possible. Therefore for cases where the user is directly booting 2309220b09dSPeter Maydell * a kernel, we treat the system as essentially uniprocessor, and 2319220b09dSPeter Maydell * put the secondary CPU into power-off state (as if the user on the 2329220b09dSPeter Maydell * real hardware had configured the secondary to be halted via the 2339220b09dSPeter Maydell * SCC config registers). 2349220b09dSPeter Maydell * 2359220b09dSPeter Maydell * Note that the default secondary boot code would not work here anyway 2369220b09dSPeter Maydell * as it assumes a GICv2, and we have a GICv3. 2379220b09dSPeter Maydell */ 2389220b09dSPeter Maydell static void mps3r_write_secondary_boot(ARMCPU *cpu, 2399220b09dSPeter Maydell const struct arm_boot_info *info) 2409220b09dSPeter Maydell { 2419220b09dSPeter Maydell /* 2429220b09dSPeter Maydell * Power the secondary CPU off. This means we don't need to write any 2439220b09dSPeter Maydell * boot code into guest memory. Note that the 'cpu' argument to this 2449220b09dSPeter Maydell * function is the primary CPU we passed to arm_load_kernel(), not 2459220b09dSPeter Maydell * the secondary. Loop around all the other CPUs, as the boot.c 2469220b09dSPeter Maydell * code does for the "disable secondaries if PSCI is enabled" case. 2479220b09dSPeter Maydell */ 2489220b09dSPeter Maydell for (CPUState *cs = first_cpu; cs; cs = CPU_NEXT(cs)) { 2499220b09dSPeter Maydell if (cs != first_cpu) { 2509220b09dSPeter Maydell object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(cs), "start-powered-off", true, 2519220b09dSPeter Maydell &error_abort); 2529220b09dSPeter Maydell } 2539220b09dSPeter Maydell } 2549220b09dSPeter Maydell } 2559220b09dSPeter Maydell 2569220b09dSPeter Maydell static void mps3r_secondary_cpu_reset(ARMCPU *cpu, 2579220b09dSPeter Maydell const struct arm_boot_info *info) 2589220b09dSPeter Maydell { 2599220b09dSPeter Maydell /* We don't need to do anything here because the CPU will be off */ 2609220b09dSPeter Maydell } 2619220b09dSPeter Maydell 2629220b09dSPeter Maydell static void create_gic(MPS3RMachineState *mms, MemoryRegion *sysmem) 2639220b09dSPeter Maydell { 2649220b09dSPeter Maydell MachineState *machine = MACHINE(mms); 2659220b09dSPeter Maydell DeviceState *gicdev; 2669220b09dSPeter Maydell QList *redist_region_count; 2679220b09dSPeter Maydell 2689220b09dSPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), "gic", &mms->gic, TYPE_ARM_GICV3); 2699220b09dSPeter Maydell gicdev = DEVICE(&mms->gic); 2709220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(gicdev, "num-cpu", machine->smp.cpus); 2719220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(gicdev, "num-irq", NUM_SPIS + GIC_INTERNAL); 2729220b09dSPeter Maydell redist_region_count = qlist_new(); 2739220b09dSPeter Maydell qlist_append_int(redist_region_count, machine->smp.cpus); 2749220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_array(gicdev, "redist-region-count", redist_region_count); 2759220b09dSPeter Maydell object_property_set_link(OBJECT(&mms->gic), "sysmem", 2769220b09dSPeter Maydell OBJECT(sysmem), &error_fatal); 2779220b09dSPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->gic), &error_fatal); 2789220b09dSPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->gic), 0, PERIPHBASE); 2799220b09dSPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->gic), 1, PERIPHBASE + 0x100000); 2809220b09dSPeter Maydell /* 2819220b09dSPeter Maydell * Wire the outputs from each CPU's generic timer and the GICv3 2829220b09dSPeter Maydell * maintenance interrupt signal to the appropriate GIC PPI inputs, 2839220b09dSPeter Maydell * and the GIC's IRQ/FIQ/VIRQ/VFIQ interrupt outputs to the CPU's inputs. 2849220b09dSPeter Maydell */ 2859220b09dSPeter Maydell for (int i = 0; i < machine->smp.cpus; i++) { 2869220b09dSPeter Maydell DeviceState *cpudev = DEVICE(mms->cpu[i]); 2879220b09dSPeter Maydell SysBusDevice *gicsbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->gic); 2889220b09dSPeter Maydell int intidbase = NUM_SPIS + i * GIC_INTERNAL; 2899220b09dSPeter Maydell int irq; 2909220b09dSPeter Maydell /* 2919220b09dSPeter Maydell * Mapping from the output timer irq lines from the CPU to the 2929220b09dSPeter Maydell * GIC PPI inputs used for this board. This isn't a BSA board, 2939220b09dSPeter Maydell * but it uses the standard convention for the PPI numbers. 2949220b09dSPeter Maydell */ 2959220b09dSPeter Maydell const int timer_irq[] = { 2969220b09dSPeter Maydell [GTIMER_PHYS] = ARCH_TIMER_NS_EL1_IRQ, 2979220b09dSPeter Maydell [GTIMER_VIRT] = ARCH_TIMER_VIRT_IRQ, 2989220b09dSPeter Maydell [GTIMER_HYP] = ARCH_TIMER_NS_EL2_IRQ, 2999220b09dSPeter Maydell }; 3009220b09dSPeter Maydell 3019220b09dSPeter Maydell for (irq = 0; irq < ARRAY_SIZE(timer_irq); irq++) { 3029220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_connect_gpio_out(cpudev, irq, 3039220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 3049220b09dSPeter Maydell intidbase + timer_irq[irq])); 3059220b09dSPeter Maydell } 3069220b09dSPeter Maydell 3079220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_connect_gpio_out_named(cpudev, "gicv3-maintenance-interrupt", 0, 3089220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 3099220b09dSPeter Maydell intidbase + ARCH_GIC_MAINT_IRQ)); 3109220b09dSPeter Maydell 3119220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_connect_gpio_out_named(cpudev, "pmu-interrupt", 0, 3129220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 3139220b09dSPeter Maydell intidbase + VIRTUAL_PMU_IRQ)); 3149220b09dSPeter Maydell 3159220b09dSPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(gicsbd, i, 3169220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev, ARM_CPU_IRQ)); 3179220b09dSPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(gicsbd, i + machine->smp.cpus, 3189220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev, ARM_CPU_FIQ)); 3199220b09dSPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(gicsbd, i + 2 * machine->smp.cpus, 3209220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev, ARM_CPU_VIRQ)); 3219220b09dSPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(gicsbd, i + 3 * machine->smp.cpus, 3229220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(cpudev, ARM_CPU_VFIQ)); 3239220b09dSPeter Maydell } 3249220b09dSPeter Maydell } 3259220b09dSPeter Maydell 326a71e2646SPeter Maydell /* 327a71e2646SPeter Maydell * Create UART uartno, and map it into the MemoryRegion mem at address baseaddr. 328a71e2646SPeter Maydell * The qemu_irq arguments are where we connect the various IRQs from the UART. 329a71e2646SPeter Maydell */ 330a71e2646SPeter Maydell static void create_uart(MPS3RMachineState *mms, int uartno, MemoryRegion *mem, 331a71e2646SPeter Maydell hwaddr baseaddr, qemu_irq txirq, qemu_irq rxirq, 332a71e2646SPeter Maydell qemu_irq txoverirq, qemu_irq rxoverirq, 333a71e2646SPeter Maydell qemu_irq combirq) 334a71e2646SPeter Maydell { 335a71e2646SPeter Maydell g_autofree char *s = g_strdup_printf("uart%d", uartno); 336a71e2646SPeter Maydell SysBusDevice *sbd; 337a71e2646SPeter Maydell 338a71e2646SPeter Maydell assert(uartno < ARRAY_SIZE(mms->uart)); 339a71e2646SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), s, &mms->uart[uartno], 340a71e2646SPeter Maydell TYPE_CMSDK_APB_UART); 341a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&mms->uart[uartno]), "pclk-frq", CLK_FRQ); 342a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_chr(DEVICE(&mms->uart[uartno]), "chardev", serial_hd(uartno)); 343a71e2646SPeter Maydell sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->uart[uartno]); 344a71e2646SPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(sbd, &error_fatal); 345a71e2646SPeter Maydell memory_region_add_subregion(mem, baseaddr, 346a71e2646SPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_get_region(sbd, 0)); 347a71e2646SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(sbd, 0, txirq); 348a71e2646SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(sbd, 1, rxirq); 349a71e2646SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(sbd, 2, txoverirq); 350a71e2646SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(sbd, 3, rxoverirq); 351a71e2646SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(sbd, 4, combirq); 352a71e2646SPeter Maydell } 353a71e2646SPeter Maydell 354273a70aeSPeter Maydell static void mps3r_common_init(MachineState *machine) 355273a70aeSPeter Maydell { 356273a70aeSPeter Maydell MPS3RMachineState *mms = MPS3R_MACHINE(machine); 357273a70aeSPeter Maydell MPS3RMachineClass *mmc = MPS3R_MACHINE_GET_CLASS(mms); 358273a70aeSPeter Maydell MemoryRegion *sysmem = get_system_memory(); 359a71e2646SPeter Maydell DeviceState *gicdev; 36082e2b7e3SPeter Maydell QList *oscclk; 361273a70aeSPeter Maydell 3620482e762SPeter Maydell mms->clk = clock_new(OBJECT(machine), "CLK"); 3630482e762SPeter Maydell clock_set_hz(mms->clk, CLK_FRQ); 3640482e762SPeter Maydell 365273a70aeSPeter Maydell for (const RAMInfo *ri = mmc->raminfo; ri->name; ri++) { 366273a70aeSPeter Maydell MemoryRegion *mr = mr_for_raminfo(mms, ri); 367273a70aeSPeter Maydell memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, ri->base, mr); 368273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 3699220b09dSPeter Maydell 3709220b09dSPeter Maydell assert(machine->smp.cpus <= MPS3R_CPU_MAX); 3719220b09dSPeter Maydell for (int i = 0; i < machine->smp.cpus; i++) { 3729220b09dSPeter Maydell g_autofree char *sysmem_name = g_strdup_printf("cpu-%d-memory", i); 3739220b09dSPeter Maydell g_autofree char *ramname = g_strdup_printf("cpu-%d-memory", i); 3749220b09dSPeter Maydell g_autofree char *alias_name = g_strdup_printf("sysmem-alias-%d", i); 3759220b09dSPeter Maydell 3769220b09dSPeter Maydell /* 3779220b09dSPeter Maydell * Each CPU has some private RAM/peripherals, so create the container 3789220b09dSPeter Maydell * which will house those, with the whole-machine system memory being 3799220b09dSPeter Maydell * used where there's no CPU-specific device. Note that we need the 3809220b09dSPeter Maydell * sysmem_alias aliases because we can't put one MR (the original 3819220b09dSPeter Maydell * 'sysmem') into more than one other MR. 3829220b09dSPeter Maydell */ 3839220b09dSPeter Maydell memory_region_init(&mms->cpu_sysmem[i], OBJECT(machine), 3849220b09dSPeter Maydell sysmem_name, UINT64_MAX); 3859220b09dSPeter Maydell memory_region_init_alias(&mms->sysmem_alias[i], OBJECT(machine), 3869220b09dSPeter Maydell alias_name, sysmem, 0, UINT64_MAX); 3879220b09dSPeter Maydell memory_region_add_subregion_overlap(&mms->cpu_sysmem[i], 0, 3889220b09dSPeter Maydell &mms->sysmem_alias[i], -1); 3899220b09dSPeter Maydell 3909220b09dSPeter Maydell mms->cpu[i] = object_new(machine->cpu_type); 3919220b09dSPeter Maydell object_property_set_link(mms->cpu[i], "memory", 3929220b09dSPeter Maydell OBJECT(&mms->cpu_sysmem[i]), &error_abort); 3939220b09dSPeter Maydell object_property_set_int(mms->cpu[i], "reset-cbar", 3949220b09dSPeter Maydell PERIPHBASE, &error_abort); 3959220b09dSPeter Maydell qdev_realize(DEVICE(mms->cpu[i]), NULL, &error_fatal); 3969220b09dSPeter Maydell object_unref(mms->cpu[i]); 3979220b09dSPeter Maydell 3989220b09dSPeter Maydell /* Per-CPU RAM */ 3999220b09dSPeter Maydell memory_region_init_ram(&mms->cpu_ram[i], NULL, ramname, 4009220b09dSPeter Maydell 0x1000, &error_fatal); 4019220b09dSPeter Maydell memory_region_add_subregion(&mms->cpu_sysmem[i], 0xe7c01000, 4029220b09dSPeter Maydell &mms->cpu_ram[i]); 4039220b09dSPeter Maydell } 4049220b09dSPeter Maydell 4059220b09dSPeter Maydell create_gic(mms, sysmem); 406a71e2646SPeter Maydell gicdev = DEVICE(&mms->gic); 407a71e2646SPeter Maydell 408a71e2646SPeter Maydell /* 409a71e2646SPeter Maydell * UARTs 0 and 1 are per-CPU; their interrupts are wired to 410a71e2646SPeter Maydell * the relevant CPU's PPI 0..3, aka INTID 16..19 411a71e2646SPeter Maydell */ 412a71e2646SPeter Maydell for (int i = 0; i < machine->smp.cpus; i++) { 413a71e2646SPeter Maydell int intidbase = NUM_SPIS + i * GIC_INTERNAL; 414a71e2646SPeter Maydell g_autofree char *s = g_strdup_printf("cpu-uart-oflow-orgate%d", i); 415a71e2646SPeter Maydell DeviceState *orgate; 416a71e2646SPeter Maydell 417a71e2646SPeter Maydell /* The two overflow IRQs from the UART are ORed together into PPI 3 */ 418a71e2646SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), s, &mms->cpu_uart_oflow[i], 419a71e2646SPeter Maydell TYPE_OR_IRQ); 420a71e2646SPeter Maydell orgate = DEVICE(&mms->cpu_uart_oflow[i]); 421a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(orgate, "num-lines", 2); 422a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_realize(orgate, NULL, &error_fatal); 423a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_connect_gpio_out(orgate, 0, 424a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, intidbase + 19)); 425a71e2646SPeter Maydell 426a71e2646SPeter Maydell create_uart(mms, i, &mms->cpu_sysmem[i], 0xe7c00000, 427a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, intidbase + 17), /* tx */ 428a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, intidbase + 16), /* rx */ 429a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(orgate, 0), /* txover */ 430a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(orgate, 1), /* rxover */ 431a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, intidbase + 18) /* combined */); 432a71e2646SPeter Maydell } 433a71e2646SPeter Maydell /* 434a71e2646SPeter Maydell * UARTs 2 to 5 are whole-system; all overflow IRQs are ORed 435a71e2646SPeter Maydell * together into IRQ 17 436a71e2646SPeter Maydell */ 437a71e2646SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), "uart-oflow-orgate", 438a71e2646SPeter Maydell &mms->uart_oflow, TYPE_OR_IRQ); 439a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&mms->uart_oflow), "num-lines", 440a71e2646SPeter Maydell MPS3R_UART_MAX * 2); 441a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_realize(DEVICE(&mms->uart_oflow), NULL, &error_fatal); 442a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_connect_gpio_out(DEVICE(&mms->uart_oflow), 0, 443a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 17)); 444a71e2646SPeter Maydell 445a71e2646SPeter Maydell for (int i = 0; i < MPS3R_UART_MAX; i++) { 446a71e2646SPeter Maydell hwaddr baseaddr = 0xe0205000 + i * 0x1000; 447a71e2646SPeter Maydell int rxirq = 5 + i * 2, txirq = 6 + i * 2, combirq = 13 + i; 448a71e2646SPeter Maydell 449a71e2646SPeter Maydell create_uart(mms, i + MPS3R_CPU_MAX, sysmem, baseaddr, 450a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, txirq), 451a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, rxirq), 452a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&mms->uart_oflow), i * 2), 453a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(DEVICE(&mms->uart_oflow), i * 2 + 1), 454a71e2646SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, combirq)); 455a71e2646SPeter Maydell } 4569220b09dSPeter Maydell 4570482e762SPeter Maydell for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { 4580482e762SPeter Maydell /* CMSDK GPIO controllers */ 4590482e762SPeter Maydell g_autofree char *s = g_strdup_printf("gpio%d", i); 4600482e762SPeter Maydell create_unimplemented_device(s, 0xe0000000 + i * 0x1000, 0x1000); 4610482e762SPeter Maydell } 4620482e762SPeter Maydell 4630482e762SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), "watchdog", &mms->watchdog, 4640482e762SPeter Maydell TYPE_CMSDK_APB_WATCHDOG); 4650482e762SPeter Maydell qdev_connect_clock_in(DEVICE(&mms->watchdog), "WDOGCLK", mms->clk); 4660482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->watchdog), &error_fatal); 4670482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->watchdog), 0, 4680482e762SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 0)); 4690482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->watchdog), 0, 0xe0100000); 4700482e762SPeter Maydell 4710482e762SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), "dualtimer", &mms->dualtimer, 4720482e762SPeter Maydell TYPE_CMSDK_APB_DUALTIMER); 4730482e762SPeter Maydell qdev_connect_clock_in(DEVICE(&mms->dualtimer), "TIMCLK", mms->clk); 4740482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->dualtimer), &error_fatal); 4750482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->dualtimer), 0, 4760482e762SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 3)); 4770482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->dualtimer), 1, 4780482e762SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 1)); 4790482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->dualtimer), 2, 4800482e762SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 2)); 4810482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->dualtimer), 0, 0xe0101000); 4820482e762SPeter Maydell 4830482e762SPeter Maydell for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mms->i2c); i++) { 4840482e762SPeter Maydell static const hwaddr i2cbase[] = {0xe0102000, /* Touch */ 4850482e762SPeter Maydell 0xe0103000, /* Audio */ 4860482e762SPeter Maydell 0xe0107000, /* Shield0 */ 4870482e762SPeter Maydell 0xe0108000, /* Shield1 */ 4880482e762SPeter Maydell 0xe0109000}; /* DDR4 EEPROM */ 4890482e762SPeter Maydell g_autofree char *s = g_strdup_printf("i2c%d", i); 4900482e762SPeter Maydell 4910482e762SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), s, &mms->i2c[i], 4920482e762SPeter Maydell TYPE_ARM_SBCON_I2C); 4930482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->i2c[i]), &error_fatal); 4940482e762SPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->i2c[i]), 0, i2cbase[i]); 4950482e762SPeter Maydell if (i != 2 && i != 3) { 4960482e762SPeter Maydell /* 4970482e762SPeter Maydell * internal-only bus: mark it full to avoid user-created 4980482e762SPeter Maydell * i2c devices being plugged into it. 4990482e762SPeter Maydell */ 5000482e762SPeter Maydell qbus_mark_full(qdev_get_child_bus(DEVICE(&mms->i2c[i]), "i2c")); 5010482e762SPeter Maydell } 5020482e762SPeter Maydell } 5030482e762SPeter Maydell 50482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mms->spi); i++) { 50582e2b7e3SPeter Maydell g_autofree char *s = g_strdup_printf("spi%d", i); 50682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell hwaddr baseaddr = 0xe0104000 + i * 0x1000; 50782e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 50882e2b7e3SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), s, &mms->spi[i], TYPE_PL022); 50982e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->spi[i]), &error_fatal); 51082e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->spi[i]), 0, baseaddr); 51182e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->spi[i]), 0, 51282e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 22 + i)); 51382e2b7e3SPeter Maydell } 51482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 51582e2b7e3SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), "scc", &mms->scc, TYPE_MPS2_SCC); 51682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&mms->scc), "scc-cfg0", 0); 51782e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&mms->scc), "scc-cfg4", 0x2); 51882e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&mms->scc), "scc-aid", 0x00200008); 51982e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&mms->scc), "scc-id", 0x41055360); 52082e2b7e3SPeter Maydell oscclk = qlist_new(); 52182e2b7e3SPeter Maydell for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(an536_oscclk); i++) { 52282e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qlist_append_int(oscclk, an536_oscclk[i]); 52382e2b7e3SPeter Maydell } 52482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_array(DEVICE(&mms->scc), "oscclk", oscclk); 52582e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->scc), &error_fatal); 52682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->scc), 0, 0xe0200000); 52782e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 52882e2b7e3SPeter Maydell create_unimplemented_device("i2s-audio", 0xe0201000, 0x1000); 52982e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 53082e2b7e3SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), "fpgaio", &mms->fpgaio, 53182e2b7e3SPeter Maydell TYPE_MPS2_FPGAIO); 53282e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&mms->fpgaio), "prescale-clk", an536_oscclk[1]); 53382e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_uint32(DEVICE(&mms->fpgaio), "num-leds", 10); 53482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_bit(DEVICE(&mms->fpgaio), "has-switches", true); 53582e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_prop_set_bit(DEVICE(&mms->fpgaio), "has-dbgctrl", false); 53682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->fpgaio), &error_fatal); 53782e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->fpgaio), 0, 0xe0202000); 53882e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 53982e2b7e3SPeter Maydell create_unimplemented_device("clcd", 0xe0209000, 0x1000); 54082e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 54182e2b7e3SPeter Maydell object_initialize_child(OBJECT(mms), "rtc", &mms->rtc, TYPE_PL031); 54282e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_realize(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->rtc), &error_fatal); 54382e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_mmio_map(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->rtc), 0, 0xe020a000); 54482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell sysbus_connect_irq(SYS_BUS_DEVICE(&mms->rtc), 0, 54582e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 4)); 54682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 54782e2b7e3SPeter Maydell /* 54882e2b7e3SPeter Maydell * In hardware this is a LAN9220; the LAN9118 is software compatible 54982e2b7e3SPeter Maydell * except that it doesn't support the checksum-offload feature. 55082e2b7e3SPeter Maydell */ 55182e2b7e3SPeter Maydell lan9118_init(0xe0300000, 55282e2b7e3SPeter Maydell qdev_get_gpio_in(gicdev, 18)); 55382e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 55482e2b7e3SPeter Maydell create_unimplemented_device("usb", 0xe0301000, 0x1000); 55582e2b7e3SPeter Maydell create_unimplemented_device("qspi-write-config", 0xe0600000, 0x1000); 55682e2b7e3SPeter Maydell 5579220b09dSPeter Maydell mms->bootinfo.ram_size = machine->ram_size; 5589220b09dSPeter Maydell mms->bootinfo.board_id = -1; 5599220b09dSPeter Maydell mms->bootinfo.loader_start = mmc->loader_start; 5609220b09dSPeter Maydell mms->bootinfo.write_secondary_boot = mps3r_write_secondary_boot; 5619220b09dSPeter Maydell mms->bootinfo.secondary_cpu_reset_hook = mps3r_secondary_cpu_reset; 5629220b09dSPeter Maydell arm_load_kernel(ARM_CPU(mms->cpu[0]), machine, &mms->bootinfo); 563273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 564273a70aeSPeter Maydell 565273a70aeSPeter Maydell static void mps3r_set_default_ram_info(MPS3RMachineClass *mmc) 566273a70aeSPeter Maydell { 567273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* 568273a70aeSPeter Maydell * Set mc->default_ram_size and default_ram_id from the 569273a70aeSPeter Maydell * information in mmc->raminfo. 570273a70aeSPeter Maydell */ 571273a70aeSPeter Maydell MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(mmc); 572273a70aeSPeter Maydell const RAMInfo *p; 573273a70aeSPeter Maydell 574273a70aeSPeter Maydell for (p = mmc->raminfo; p->name; p++) { 575273a70aeSPeter Maydell if (p->mrindex < 0) { 576273a70aeSPeter Maydell /* Found the entry for "system memory" */ 577273a70aeSPeter Maydell mc->default_ram_size = p->size; 578273a70aeSPeter Maydell mc->default_ram_id = p->name; 5799220b09dSPeter Maydell mmc->loader_start = p->base; 580273a70aeSPeter Maydell return; 581273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 582273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 583273a70aeSPeter Maydell g_assert_not_reached(); 584273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 585273a70aeSPeter Maydell 586273a70aeSPeter Maydell static void mps3r_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data) 587273a70aeSPeter Maydell { 588273a70aeSPeter Maydell MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc); 589273a70aeSPeter Maydell 590273a70aeSPeter Maydell mc->init = mps3r_common_init; 591273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 592273a70aeSPeter Maydell 593273a70aeSPeter Maydell static void mps3r_an536_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, void *data) 594273a70aeSPeter Maydell { 595273a70aeSPeter Maydell MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_CLASS(oc); 596273a70aeSPeter Maydell MPS3RMachineClass *mmc = MPS3R_MACHINE_CLASS(oc); 597273a70aeSPeter Maydell static const char * const valid_cpu_types[] = { 598273a70aeSPeter Maydell ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("cortex-r52"), 599273a70aeSPeter Maydell NULL 600273a70aeSPeter Maydell }; 601273a70aeSPeter Maydell 602273a70aeSPeter Maydell mc->desc = "ARM MPS3 with AN536 FPGA image for Cortex-R52"; 6039220b09dSPeter Maydell /* 6049220b09dSPeter Maydell * In the real FPGA image there are always two cores, but the standard 6059220b09dSPeter Maydell * initial setting for the SCC SYSCON 0x000 register is 0x21, meaning 6069220b09dSPeter Maydell * that the second core is held in reset and halted. Many images built for 6079220b09dSPeter Maydell * the board do not expect the second core to run at startup (especially 6089220b09dSPeter Maydell * since on the real FPGA image it is not possible to use LDREX/STREX 6099220b09dSPeter Maydell * in RAM between the two cores, so a true SMP setup isn't supported). 6109220b09dSPeter Maydell * 6119220b09dSPeter Maydell * As QEMU's equivalent of this, we support both -smp 1 and -smp 2, 6129220b09dSPeter Maydell * with the default being -smp 1. This seems a more intuitive UI for 6139220b09dSPeter Maydell * QEMU users than, for instance, having a machine property to allow 6149220b09dSPeter Maydell * the user to set the initial value of the SYSCON 0x000 register. 6159220b09dSPeter Maydell */ 6169220b09dSPeter Maydell mc->default_cpus = 1; 6179220b09dSPeter Maydell mc->min_cpus = 1; 6189220b09dSPeter Maydell mc->max_cpus = 2; 619273a70aeSPeter Maydell mc->default_cpu_type = ARM_CPU_TYPE_NAME("cortex-r52"); 620273a70aeSPeter Maydell mc->valid_cpu_types = valid_cpu_types; 621273a70aeSPeter Maydell mmc->raminfo = an536_raminfo; 622273a70aeSPeter Maydell mps3r_set_default_ram_info(mmc); 623273a70aeSPeter Maydell } 624273a70aeSPeter Maydell 625273a70aeSPeter Maydell static const TypeInfo mps3r_machine_types[] = { 626273a70aeSPeter Maydell { 627273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = TYPE_MPS3R_MACHINE, 628273a70aeSPeter Maydell .parent = TYPE_MACHINE, 629273a70aeSPeter Maydell .abstract = true, 630273a70aeSPeter Maydell .instance_size = sizeof(MPS3RMachineState), 631273a70aeSPeter Maydell .class_size = sizeof(MPS3RMachineClass), 632273a70aeSPeter Maydell .class_init = mps3r_class_init, 633273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, { 634273a70aeSPeter Maydell .name = TYPE_MPS3R_AN536_MACHINE, 635273a70aeSPeter Maydell .parent = TYPE_MPS3R_MACHINE, 636273a70aeSPeter Maydell .class_init = mps3r_an536_class_init, 637273a70aeSPeter Maydell }, 638273a70aeSPeter Maydell }; 639273a70aeSPeter Maydell 640273a70aeSPeter Maydell DEFINE_TYPES(mps3r_machine_types); 641