xref: /qemu/docs/system/arm/aspeed.rst (revision 9b0a36494a477541b543fa689c635cf4912fa641)

Aspeed family boards (``ast2500-evb``, ``ast2600-evb``, ``ast2700-evb``, ``bletchley-bmc``, ``fuji-bmc``, ``fby35-bmc``, ``fp5280g2-bmc``, ``g220a-bmc``, ``palmetto-bmc``, ``qcom-dc-scm-v1-bmc``, ``qcom-firework-bmc``, ``quanta-q71l-bmc``, ``rainier-bmc``, ``romulus-bmc``, ``sonorapass-bmc``, ``supermicrox11-bmc``, ``tiogapass-bmc``, ``tacoma-bmc``, ``witherspoon-bmc``, ``yosemitev2-bmc``)
========================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================

The QEMU Aspeed machines model BMCs of various OpenPOWER systems and
Aspeed evaluation boards. They are based on different releases of the
Aspeed SoC : the AST2400 integrating an ARM926EJ-S CPU (400MHz), the
AST2500 with an ARM1176JZS CPU (800MHz), the AST2600
with dual cores ARM Cortex-A7 CPUs (1.2GHz) and more recently the AST2700
with quad cores ARM Cortex-A35 64 bits CPUs (1.6GHz)

The SoC comes with RAM, Gigabit ethernet, USB, SD/MMC, USB, SPI, I2C,
etc.

AST2400 SoC based machines :

- ``palmetto-bmc``         OpenPOWER Palmetto POWER8 BMC
- ``quanta-q71l-bmc``      OpenBMC Quanta BMC
- ``supermicrox11-bmc``    Supermicro X11 BMC

AST2500 SoC based machines :

- ``ast2500-evb``          Aspeed AST2500 Evaluation board
- ``romulus-bmc``          OpenPOWER Romulus POWER9 BMC
- ``witherspoon-bmc``      OpenPOWER Witherspoon POWER9 BMC
- ``sonorapass-bmc``       OCP SonoraPass BMC
- ``fp5280g2-bmc``         Inspur FP5280G2 BMC
- ``g220a-bmc``            Bytedance G220A BMC
- ``yosemitev2-bmc``       Facebook YosemiteV2 BMC
- ``tiogapass-bmc``        Facebook Tiogapass BMC

AST2600 SoC based machines :

- ``ast2600-evb``          Aspeed AST2600 Evaluation board (Cortex-A7)
- ``tacoma-bmc``           OpenPOWER Witherspoon POWER9 AST2600 BMC
- ``rainier-bmc``          IBM Rainier POWER10 BMC
- ``fuji-bmc``             Facebook Fuji BMC
- ``bletchley-bmc``        Facebook Bletchley BMC
- ``fby35-bmc``            Facebook fby35 BMC
- ``qcom-dc-scm-v1-bmc``   Qualcomm DC-SCM V1 BMC
- ``qcom-firework-bmc``    Qualcomm Firework BMC

AST2700 SoC based machines :

- ``ast2700-evb``          Aspeed AST2700 Evaluation board (Cortex-A35)

Supported devices
-----------------

 * SMP (for the AST2600 Cortex-A7)
 * Interrupt Controller (VIC)
 * Timer Controller
 * RTC Controller
 * I2C Controller, including the new register interface of the AST2600
 * System Control Unit (SCU)
 * SRAM mapping
 * X-DMA Controller (basic interface)
 * Static Memory Controller (SMC or FMC) - Only SPI Flash support
 * SPI Memory Controller
 * USB 2.0 Controller
 * SD/MMC storage controllers
 * SDRAM controller (dummy interface for basic settings and training)
 * Watchdog Controller
 * GPIO Controller (Master only)
 * UART
 * Ethernet controllers
 * Front LEDs (PCA9552 on I2C bus)
 * LPC Peripheral Controller (a subset of subdevices are supported)
 * Hash/Crypto Engine (HACE) - Hash support only. TODO: HMAC and RSA
 * ADC
 * Secure Boot Controller (AST2600)
 * eMMC Boot Controller (dummy)
 * PECI Controller (minimal)
 * I3C Controller
 * Internal Bridge Controller (SLI dummy)


Missing devices
---------------

 * Coprocessor support
 * PWM and Fan Controller
 * Slave GPIO Controller
 * Super I/O Controller
 * PCI-Express 1 Controller
 * Graphic Display Controller
 * MCTP Controller
 * Mailbox Controller
 * Virtual UART
 * eSPI Controller

Boot options
------------

The Aspeed machines can be started using the ``-kernel`` and ``-dtb`` options
to load a Linux kernel or from a firmware. Images can be downloaded from the
OpenBMC jenkins :

   https://jenkins.openbmc.org/job/ci-openbmc/lastSuccessfulBuild/

or directly from the OpenBMC GitHub release repository :

   https://github.com/openbmc/openbmc/releases

or directly from the ASPEED Forked OpenBMC GitHub release repository :

   https://github.com/AspeedTech-BMC/openbmc/releases

Booting from a kernel image
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

To boot a kernel directly from a Linux build tree:

.. code-block:: bash

  $ qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb -nographic \
        -kernel arch/arm/boot/zImage \
        -dtb arch/arm/boot/dts/aspeed-ast2600-evb.dtb \
        -initrd rootfs.cpio

Booting from a flash image
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The machine options specific to Aspeed to boot from a flash image are :

 * ``execute-in-place`` which emulates the boot from the CE0 flash
   device by using the FMC controller to load the instructions, and
   not simply from RAM. This takes a little longer.

 * ``fmc-model`` to change the default FMC Flash model. FW needs
   support for the chip model to boot.

 * ``spi-model`` to change the default SPI Flash model.

To boot the machine from the flash image, use an MTD drive :

.. code-block:: bash

  $ qemu-system-arm -M romulus-bmc -nic user \
	-drive file=obmc-phosphor-image-romulus.static.mtd,format=raw,if=mtd -nographic

To use other flash models, for instance a different FMC chip and a
bigger (64M) SPI for the ``ast2500-evb`` machine, run :

.. code-block:: bash

  -M ast2500-evb,fmc-model=mx25l25635e,spi-model=mx66u51235f

When more flexibility is needed to define the flash devices, to use
different flash models or define all flash devices (up to 8), the
``-nodefaults`` QEMU option can be used to avoid creating the default
flash devices.

Flash devices should then be created from the command line and attached
to a block device :

.. code-block:: bash

  $ qemu-system-arm -M ast2600-evb \
        -blockdev node-name=fmc0,driver=file,filename=/path/to/fmc0.img \
	-device mx66u51235f,bus=ssi.0,cs=0x0,drive=fmc0 \
	-blockdev node-name=fmc1,driver=file,filename=/path/to/fmc1.img \
	-device mx66u51235f,bus=ssi.0,cs=0x1,drive=fmc1 \
	-blockdev node-name=spi1,driver=file,filename=/path/to/spi1.img \
	-device mx66u51235f,cs=0x0,bus=ssi.1,drive=spi1 \
	-nographic -nodefaults

In that case, the machine boots fetching instructions from the FMC0
device. It is slower to start but closer to what HW does. Using the
machine option ``execute-in-place`` has a similar effect.

Booting from an eMMC image
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

The machine options specific to Aspeed machines to boot from an eMMC
image are :

 * ``boot-emmc`` to set or unset boot from eMMC (AST2600).

Only the ``ast2600-evb`` and ``rainier-emmc`` machines have support to
boot from an eMMC device. In this case, the machine assumes that the
eMMC image includes special boot partitions. Such an image can be
built this way :

.. code-block:: bash

   $ dd if=/dev/zero of=mmc-bootarea.img count=2 bs=1M
   $ dd if=u-boot-spl.bin of=mmc-bootarea.img conv=notrunc
   $ dd if=u-boot.bin of=mmc-bootarea.img conv=notrunc count=64 bs=1K
   $ cat mmc-bootarea.img obmc-phosphor-image.wic > mmc.img
   $ truncate --size 16GB mmc.img

Boot the machine ``rainier-emmc`` with :

.. code-block:: bash

   $ qemu-system-arm -M rainier-bmc \
         -drive file=mmc.img,format=raw,if=sd,index=2 \
         -nographic

The ``boot-emmc`` option can be set or unset, to change the default
boot mode of machine: SPI or eMMC. This can be useful to boot the
``ast2600-evb`` machine from an eMMC device (default being SPI) or to
boot the ``rainier-bmc`` machine from a flash device (default being
eMMC).

As an example, here is how to to boot the ``rainier-bmc`` machine from
the flash device with ``boot-emmc=false`` and let the machine use an
eMMC image :

.. code-block:: bash

   $ qemu-system-arm -M rainier-bmc,boot-emmc=false \
        -drive file=flash.img,format=raw,if=mtd \
        -drive file=mmc.img,format=raw,if=sd,index=2 \
        -nographic

It should be noted that in this case the eMMC device must not have
boot partitions, otherwise the contents will not be accessible to the
machine.  This limitation is due to the use of the ``-drive``
interface.

Ideally, one should be able to define the eMMC device and the
associated backend directly on the command line, such as :

.. code-block:: bash

   -blockdev node-name=emmc0,driver=file,filename=mmc.img \
   -device emmc,bus=sdhci-bus.2,drive=emmc0,boot-partition-size=1048576,boot-config=8

This is not yet supported (as of QEMU-10.0). Work is needed to
refactor the sdhci bus model.

Other booting options
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Other machine options specific to Aspeed machines are :

 * ``bmc-console`` to change the default console device. Most of the
   machines use the ``UART5`` device for a boot console, which is
   mapped on ``/dev/ttyS4`` under Linux, but it is not always the
   case.

To change the boot console and use device ``UART3`` (``/dev/ttyS2``
under Linux), use :

.. code-block:: bash

  -M ast2500-evb,bmc-console=uart3

Booting the ast2700-evb machine
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Boot the AST2700 machine from the flash image, use an MTD drive :

.. code-block:: bash

  IMGDIR=ast2700-default
  UBOOT_SIZE=$(stat --format=%s -L ${IMGDIR}/u-boot-nodtb.bin)

  $ qemu-system-aarch64 -M ast2700-evb \
       -device loader,force-raw=on,addr=0x400000000,file=${IMGDIR}/u-boot-nodtb.bin \
       -device loader,force-raw=on,addr=$((0x400000000 + ${UBOOT_SIZE})),file=${IMGDIR}/u-boot.dtb \
       -device loader,force-raw=on,addr=0x430000000,file=${IMGDIR}/bl31.bin \
       -device loader,force-raw=on,addr=0x430080000,file=${IMGDIR}/optee/tee-raw.bin \
       -device loader,cpu-num=0,addr=0x430000000 \
       -device loader,cpu-num=1,addr=0x430000000 \
       -device loader,cpu-num=2,addr=0x430000000 \
       -device loader,cpu-num=3,addr=0x430000000 \
       -smp 4 \
       -drive file=${IMGDIR}/image-bmc,format=raw,if=mtd \
       -nographic

Aspeed minibmc family boards (``ast1030-evb``)
==================================================================

The QEMU Aspeed machines model mini BMCs of various Aspeed evaluation
boards. They are based on different releases of the
Aspeed SoC : the AST1030 integrating an ARM Cortex M4F CPU (200MHz).

The SoC comes with SRAM, SPI, I2C, etc.

AST1030 SoC based machines :

- ``ast1030-evb``          Aspeed AST1030 Evaluation board (Cortex-M4F)

Supported devices
-----------------

 * SMP (for the AST1030 Cortex-M4F)
 * Interrupt Controller (VIC)
 * Timer Controller
 * I2C Controller
 * System Control Unit (SCU)
 * SRAM mapping
 * Static Memory Controller (SMC or FMC) - Only SPI Flash support
 * SPI Memory Controller
 * USB 2.0 Controller
 * Watchdog Controller
 * GPIO Controller (Master only)
 * UART
 * LPC Peripheral Controller (a subset of subdevices are supported)
 * Hash/Crypto Engine (HACE) - Hash support only. TODO: HMAC and RSA
 * ADC
 * Secure Boot Controller
 * PECI Controller (minimal)


Missing devices
---------------

 * PWM and Fan Controller
 * Slave GPIO Controller
 * Mailbox Controller
 * Virtual UART
 * eSPI Controller
 * I3C Controller

Boot options
------------

The Aspeed machines can be started using the ``-kernel`` to load a
Zephyr OS or from a firmware. Images can be downloaded from the
ASPEED GitHub release repository :

   https://github.com/AspeedTech-BMC/zephyr/releases

To boot a kernel directly from a Zephyr build tree:

.. code-block:: bash

  $ qemu-system-arm -M ast1030-evb -nographic \
        -kernel zephyr.elf