xref: /qemu/docs/config/mach-virt-graphical.cfg (revision 9277d81f5c2c6f4d0b5e47c8476eb7ee7e5c0beb)

# mach-virt - VirtIO guest (graphical console)
# =========================================================
#
# Usage:
#
#   $ qemu-system-aarch64 \
#     -nodefaults \
#     -readconfig mach-virt-graphical.cfg \
#     -cpu host
#
# You will probably need to tweak the lines marked as
# CHANGE ME before being able to use this configuration!
#
# The guest will have a selection of VirtIO devices
# tailored towards optimal performance with modern guests,
# and will be accessed through a graphical console.
#
# ---------------------------------------------------------
#
# Using -nodefaults is required to have full control over
# the virtual hardware: when it's specified, QEMU will
# populate the board with only the builtin peripherals,
# such as the PL011 UART, plus a PCI Express Root Bus; the
# user will then have to explicitly add further devices.
#
# The PCI Express Root Bus shows up in the guest as:
#
#   00:00.0 Host bridge
#
# This configuration file adds a number of other useful
# devices, more specifically:
#
#   00:01.0 Display controller
#   00.1c.* PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports)
#   01:00.0 SCSI storage controller
#   02:00.0 Ethernet controller
#   03:00.0 USB controller
#
# More information about these devices is available below.


# Machine options
# =========================================================
#
# We use the virt machine type and enable KVM acceleration
# for better performance.
#
# Using less than 1 GiB of memory is probably not going to
# yield good performance in the guest, and might even lead
# to obscure boot issues in some cases.
#
# Unfortunately, there is no way to configure the CPU model
# in this file, so it will have to be provided on the
# command line, but we can configure the guest to use the
# same GIC version as the host.

[machine]
  type = "virt"
  accel = "kvm"
  gic-version = "host"

[memory]
  size = "1024"


# Firmware configuration
# =========================================================
#
# There are two parts to the firmware: a read-only image
# containing the executable code, which is shared between
# guests, and a read/write variable store that is owned
# by one specific guest, exclusively, and is used to
# record information such as the UEFI boot order.
#
# For any new guest, its permanent, private variable store
# should initially be copied from the template file
# provided along with the firmware binary.
#
# Depending on the OS distribution you're using on the
# host, the name of the package containing the firmware
# binary and variable store template, as well as the paths
# to the files themselves, will be different. For example:
#
# Fedora
#   edk2-aarch64                                      (pkg)
#   /usr/share/edk2/aarch64/QEMU_EFI-pflash.raw       (bin)
#   /usr/share/edk2/aarch64/vars-template-pflash.raw  (var)
#
# RHEL
#   AAVMF                                             (pkg)
#   /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd                    (bin)
#   /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_VARS.fd                    (var)
#
# Debian/Ubuntu
#   qemu-efi                                          (pkg)
#   /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd                    (bin)
#   /usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_VARS.fd                    (var)

[drive "uefi-binary"]
  file = "/usr/share/AAVMF/AAVMF_CODE.fd"       # CHANGE ME
  format = "raw"
  if = "pflash"
  unit = "0"
  readonly = "on"

[drive "uefi-varstore"]
  file = "guest_VARS.fd"                        # CHANGE ME
  format = "raw"
  if = "pflash"
  unit = "1"


# PCI bridge (PCI Express Root Ports)
# =========================================================
#
# We create eight PCI Express Root Ports, and we plug them
# all into separate functions of the same slot. Some of
# them will be used by devices, the rest will remain
# available for hotplug.

[device "pcie.1"]
  driver = "pcie-root-port"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "1c.0"
  port = "1"
  chassis = "1"
  multifunction = "on"

[device "pcie.2"]
  driver = "pcie-root-port"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "1c.1"
  port = "2"
  chassis = "2"

[device "pcie.3"]
  driver = "pcie-root-port"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "1c.2"
  port = "3"
  chassis = "3"

[device "pcie.4"]
  driver = "pcie-root-port"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "1c.3"
  port = "4"
  chassis = "4"

[device "pcie.5"]
  driver = "pcie-root-port"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "1c.4"
  port = "5"
  chassis = "5"

[device "pcie.6"]
  driver = "pcie-root-port"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "1c.5"
  port = "6"
  chassis = "6"

[device "pcie.7"]
  driver = "pcie-root-port"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "1c.6"
  port = "7"
  chassis = "7"

[device "pcie.8"]
  driver = "pcie-root-port"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "1c.7"
  port = "8"
  chassis = "8"


# SCSI storage controller (and storage)
# =========================================================
#
# We use virtio-scsi here so that we can (hot)plug a large
# number of disks without running into issues; a SCSI disk,
# backed by a qcow2 disk image on the host's filesystem, is
# attached to it.
#
# We also create an optical disk, mostly for installation
# purposes: once the guest OS has been successfully
# installed, the guest will no longer boot from optical
# media. If you don't want, or no longer want, to have an
# optical disk in the guest you can safely comment out
# all relevant sections below.

[device "scsi"]
  driver = "virtio-scsi-pci"
  bus = "pcie.1"
  addr = "00.0"

[device "scsi-disk"]
  driver = "scsi-hd"
  bus = "scsi.0"
  drive = "disk"
  bootindex = "1"

[drive "disk"]
  file = "guest.qcow2"                          # CHANGE ME
  format = "qcow2"
  if = "none"

[device "scsi-optical-disk"]
  driver = "scsi-cd"
  bus = "scsi.0"
  drive = "optical-disk"
  bootindex = "2"

[drive "optical-disk"]
  file = "install.iso"                          # CHANGE ME
  format = "raw"
  if = "none"


# Ethernet controller
# =========================================================
#
# We use virtio-net for improved performance over emulated
# hardware; on the host side, we take advantage of user
# networking so that the QEMU process doesn't require any
# additional privileges.

[netdev "hostnet"]
  type = "user"

[device "net"]
  driver = "virtio-net-pci"
  netdev = "hostnet"
  bus = "pcie.2"
  addr = "00.0"


# USB controller (and input devices)
# =========================================================
#
# We add a virtualization-friendly USB 3.0 controller and
# a USB keyboard / USB tablet combo so that graphical
# guests can be controlled appropriately.

[device "usb"]
  driver = "nec-usb-xhci"
  bus = "pcie.3"
  addr = "00.0"

[device "keyboard"]
  driver = "usb-kbd"
  bus = "usb.0"

[device "tablet"]
  driver = "usb-tablet"
  bus = "usb.0"


# Display controller
# =========================================================
#
# We use virtio-gpu because the legacy VGA framebuffer is
# very troublesome on aarch64, and virtio-gpu is the only
# video device that doesn't implement it.
#
# If you're running the guest on a remote, potentially
# headless host, you will probably want to append something
# like
#
#   -display vnc=127.0.0.1:0
#
# to the command line in order to prevent QEMU from
# creating a graphical display window on the host and
# enable remote access instead.

[device "video"]
  driver = "virtio-gpu"
  bus = "pcie.0"
  addr = "01.0"