1 /* 2 * Helper macros to support writing architecture specific 3 * linker scripts. 4 * 5 * A minimal linker scripts has following content: 6 * [This is a sample, architectures may have special requirements] 7 * 8 * OUTPUT_FORMAT(...) 9 * OUTPUT_ARCH(...) 10 * ENTRY(...) 11 * SECTIONS 12 * { 13 * . = START; 14 * __init_begin = .; 15 * HEAD_TEXT_SECTION 16 * INIT_TEXT_SECTION(PAGE_SIZE) 17 * INIT_DATA_SECTION(...) 18 * PERCPU_SECTION(CACHELINE_SIZE) 19 * __init_end = .; 20 * 21 * _stext = .; 22 * TEXT_SECTION = 0 23 * _etext = .; 24 * 25 * _sdata = .; 26 * RO_DATA(PAGE_SIZE) 27 * RW_DATA(...) 28 * _edata = .; 29 * 30 * EXCEPTION_TABLE(...) 31 * 32 * BSS_SECTION(0, 0, 0) 33 * _end = .; 34 * 35 * STABS_DEBUG 36 * DWARF_DEBUG 37 * ELF_DETAILS 38 * 39 * DISCARDS // must be the last 40 * } 41 * 42 * [__init_begin, __init_end] is the init section that may be freed after init 43 * // __init_begin and __init_end should be page aligned, so that we can 44 * // free the whole .init memory 45 * [_stext, _etext] is the text section 46 * [_sdata, _edata] is the data section 47 * 48 * Some of the included output section have their own set of constants. 49 * Examples are: [__initramfs_start, __initramfs_end] for initramfs and 50 * [__nosave_begin, __nosave_end] for the nosave data 51 */ 52 53 #include <asm-generic/codetag.lds.h> 54 55 #ifndef LOAD_OFFSET 56 #define LOAD_OFFSET 0 57 #endif 58 59 /* 60 * Only some architectures want to have the .notes segment visible in 61 * a separate PT_NOTE ELF Program Header. When this happens, it needs 62 * to be visible in both the kernel text's PT_LOAD and the PT_NOTE 63 * Program Headers. In this case, though, the PT_LOAD needs to be made 64 * the default again so that all the following sections don't also end 65 * up in the PT_NOTE Program Header. 66 */ 67 #ifdef EMITS_PT_NOTE 68 #define NOTES_HEADERS :text :note 69 #define NOTES_HEADERS_RESTORE __restore_ph : { *(.__restore_ph) } :text 70 #else 71 #define NOTES_HEADERS 72 #define NOTES_HEADERS_RESTORE 73 #endif 74 75 /* 76 * Some architectures have non-executable read-only exception tables. 77 * They can be added to the RO_DATA segment by specifying their desired 78 * alignment. 79 */ 80 #ifdef RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE_ALIGN 81 #define RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE EXCEPTION_TABLE(RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE_ALIGN) 82 #else 83 #define RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE 84 #endif 85 86 /* Align . function alignment. */ 87 #define ALIGN_FUNCTION() . = ALIGN(CONFIG_FUNCTION_ALIGNMENT) 88 89 /* 90 * LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION option enables -fdata-sections, which 91 * generates .data.identifier sections, which need to be pulled in with 92 * .data. We don't want to pull in .data..other sections, which Linux 93 * has defined. Same for text and bss. 94 * 95 * With LTO_CLANG, the linker also splits sections by default, so we need 96 * these macros to combine the sections during the final link. 97 * 98 * With AUTOFDO_CLANG and PROPELLER_CLANG, by default, the linker splits 99 * text sections and regroups functions into subsections. 100 * 101 * RODATA_MAIN is not used because existing code already defines .rodata.x 102 * sections to be brought in with rodata. 103 */ 104 #if defined(CONFIG_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION) || defined(CONFIG_LTO_CLANG) || \ 105 defined(CONFIG_AUTOFDO_CLANG) || defined(CONFIG_PROPELLER_CLANG) 106 #define TEXT_MAIN .text .text.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* 107 #else 108 #define TEXT_MAIN .text 109 #endif 110 #if defined(CONFIG_LD_DEAD_CODE_DATA_ELIMINATION) || defined(CONFIG_LTO_CLANG) 111 #define DATA_MAIN .data .data.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* .data.rel.* .data..L* .data..compoundliteral* .data.$__unnamed_* .data.$L* 112 #define SDATA_MAIN .sdata .sdata.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* 113 #define RODATA_MAIN .rodata .rodata.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* .rodata..L* 114 #define BSS_MAIN .bss .bss.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* .bss..L* .bss..compoundliteral* 115 #define SBSS_MAIN .sbss .sbss.[0-9a-zA-Z_]* 116 #else 117 #define DATA_MAIN .data .data.rel .data.rel.local 118 #define SDATA_MAIN .sdata 119 #define RODATA_MAIN .rodata 120 #define BSS_MAIN .bss 121 #define SBSS_MAIN .sbss 122 #endif 123 124 /* 125 * GCC 4.5 and later have a 32 bytes section alignment for structures. 126 * Except GCC 4.9, that feels the need to align on 64 bytes. 127 */ 128 #define STRUCT_ALIGNMENT 32 129 #define STRUCT_ALIGN() . = ALIGN(STRUCT_ALIGNMENT) 130 131 /* 132 * The order of the sched class addresses are important, as they are 133 * used to determine the order of the priority of each sched class in 134 * relation to each other. 135 */ 136 #define SCHED_DATA \ 137 STRUCT_ALIGN(); \ 138 __sched_class_highest = .; \ 139 *(__stop_sched_class) \ 140 *(__dl_sched_class) \ 141 *(__rt_sched_class) \ 142 *(__fair_sched_class) \ 143 *(__ext_sched_class) \ 144 *(__idle_sched_class) \ 145 __sched_class_lowest = .; 146 147 /* The actual configuration determine if the init/exit sections 148 * are handled as text/data or they can be discarded (which 149 * often happens at runtime) 150 */ 151 152 #ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE_NO_PATCHABLE 153 #define KEEP_PATCHABLE KEEP(*(__patchable_function_entries)) 154 #define PATCHABLE_DISCARDS 155 #else 156 #define KEEP_PATCHABLE 157 #define PATCHABLE_DISCARDS *(__patchable_function_entries) 158 #endif 159 160 #ifndef CONFIG_ARCH_SUPPORTS_CFI_CLANG 161 /* 162 * Simply points to ftrace_stub, but with the proper protocol. 163 * Defined by the linker script in linux/vmlinux.lds.h 164 */ 165 #define FTRACE_STUB_HACK ftrace_stub_graph = ftrace_stub; 166 #else 167 #define FTRACE_STUB_HACK 168 #endif 169 170 #ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD 171 /* 172 * The ftrace call sites are logged to a section whose name depends on the 173 * compiler option used. A given kernel image will only use one, AKA 174 * FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION. We capture all of them here to avoid header 175 * dependencies for FTRACE_CALLSITE_SECTION's definition. 176 * 177 * ftrace_ops_list_func will be defined as arch_ftrace_ops_list_func 178 * as some archs will have a different prototype for that function 179 * but ftrace_ops_list_func() will have a single prototype. 180 */ 181 #define MCOUNT_REC() . = ALIGN(8); \ 182 __start_mcount_loc = .; \ 183 KEEP(*(__mcount_loc)) \ 184 KEEP_PATCHABLE \ 185 __stop_mcount_loc = .; \ 186 FTRACE_STUB_HACK \ 187 ftrace_ops_list_func = arch_ftrace_ops_list_func; 188 #else 189 # ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER 190 # define MCOUNT_REC() FTRACE_STUB_HACK \ 191 ftrace_ops_list_func = arch_ftrace_ops_list_func; 192 # else 193 # define MCOUNT_REC() 194 # endif 195 #endif 196 197 #define BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(_sec_, _label_, _BEGIN_, _END_) \ 198 _BEGIN_##_label_ = .; \ 199 KEEP(*(_sec_)) \ 200 _END_##_label_ = .; 201 202 #define BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(_sec_, _label_, _BEGIN_, _END_) \ 203 _label_##_BEGIN_ = .; \ 204 KEEP(*(_sec_)) \ 205 _label_##_END_ = .; 206 207 #define BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(_sec_, _label_) \ 208 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(_sec_, _label_, __start, __stop) 209 210 #define BOUNDED_SECTION(_sec) BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(_sec, _sec) 211 212 #define HEADERED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(_sec_, _label_, _BEGIN_, _END_, _HDR_) \ 213 _HDR_##_label_ = .; \ 214 KEEP(*(.gnu.linkonce.##_sec_)) \ 215 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(_sec_, _label_, _BEGIN_, _END_) 216 217 #define HEADERED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(_sec_, _label_, _BEGIN_, _END_, _HDR_) \ 218 _label_##_HDR_ = .; \ 219 KEEP(*(.gnu.linkonce.##_sec_)) \ 220 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(_sec_, _label_, _BEGIN_, _END_) 221 222 #define HEADERED_SECTION_BY(_sec_, _label_) \ 223 HEADERED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(_sec_, _label_, __start, __stop) 224 225 #define HEADERED_SECTION(_sec) HEADERED_SECTION_BY(_sec, _sec) 226 227 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING 228 #define LIKELY_PROFILE() \ 229 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(_ftrace_annotated_branch, _annotated_branch_profile) 230 #else 231 #define LIKELY_PROFILE() 232 #endif 233 234 #ifdef CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES 235 #define BRANCH_PROFILE() \ 236 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(_ftrace_branch, _branch_profile) 237 #else 238 #define BRANCH_PROFILE() 239 #endif 240 241 #ifdef CONFIG_KPROBES 242 #define KPROBE_BLACKLIST() \ 243 . = ALIGN(8); \ 244 BOUNDED_SECTION(_kprobe_blacklist) 245 #else 246 #define KPROBE_BLACKLIST() 247 #endif 248 249 #ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_ERROR_INJECTION 250 #define ERROR_INJECT_WHITELIST() \ 251 STRUCT_ALIGN(); \ 252 BOUNDED_SECTION(_error_injection_whitelist) 253 #else 254 #define ERROR_INJECT_WHITELIST() 255 #endif 256 257 #ifdef CONFIG_EVENT_TRACING 258 #define FTRACE_EVENTS() \ 259 . = ALIGN(8); \ 260 BOUNDED_SECTION(_ftrace_events) \ 261 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(_ftrace_eval_map, _ftrace_eval_maps) 262 #else 263 #define FTRACE_EVENTS() 264 #endif 265 266 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING 267 #define TRACE_PRINTKS() BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__trace_printk_fmt, ___trace_bprintk_fmt) 268 #define TRACEPOINT_STR() BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__tracepoint_str, ___tracepoint_str) 269 #else 270 #define TRACE_PRINTKS() 271 #define TRACEPOINT_STR() 272 #endif 273 274 #ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_SYSCALLS 275 #define TRACE_SYSCALLS() \ 276 . = ALIGN(8); \ 277 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__syscalls_metadata, _syscalls_metadata) 278 #else 279 #define TRACE_SYSCALLS() 280 #endif 281 282 #ifdef CONFIG_BPF_EVENTS 283 #define BPF_RAW_TP() STRUCT_ALIGN(); \ 284 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__bpf_raw_tp_map, __bpf_raw_tp) 285 #else 286 #define BPF_RAW_TP() 287 #endif 288 289 #ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_EARLYCON 290 #define EARLYCON_TABLE() \ 291 . = ALIGN(8); \ 292 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(__earlycon_table, __earlycon_table, , _end) 293 #else 294 #define EARLYCON_TABLE() 295 #endif 296 297 #ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY 298 #define LSM_TABLE() \ 299 . = ALIGN(8); \ 300 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.lsm_info.init, _lsm_info, __start, __end) 301 302 #define EARLY_LSM_TABLE() \ 303 . = ALIGN(8); \ 304 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.early_lsm_info.init, _early_lsm_info, __start, __end) 305 #else 306 #define LSM_TABLE() 307 #define EARLY_LSM_TABLE() 308 #endif 309 310 #define ___OF_TABLE(cfg, name) _OF_TABLE_##cfg(name) 311 #define __OF_TABLE(cfg, name) ___OF_TABLE(cfg, name) 312 #define OF_TABLE(cfg, name) __OF_TABLE(IS_ENABLED(cfg), name) 313 #define _OF_TABLE_0(name) 314 #define _OF_TABLE_1(name) \ 315 . = ALIGN(8); \ 316 __##name##_of_table = .; \ 317 KEEP(*(__##name##_of_table)) \ 318 KEEP(*(__##name##_of_table_end)) 319 320 #define TIMER_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_TIMER_OF, timer) 321 #define IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_IRQCHIP, irqchip) 322 #define CLK_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_COMMON_CLK, clk) 323 #define RESERVEDMEM_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_OF_RESERVED_MEM, reservedmem) 324 #define CPU_METHOD_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_SMP, cpu_method) 325 #define CPUIDLE_METHOD_OF_TABLES() OF_TABLE(CONFIG_CPU_IDLE, cpuidle_method) 326 327 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI 328 #define ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(name) \ 329 . = ALIGN(8); \ 330 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(__##name##_acpi_probe_table, \ 331 __##name##_acpi_probe_table,, _end) 332 #else 333 #define ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(name) 334 #endif 335 336 #ifdef CONFIG_THERMAL 337 #define THERMAL_TABLE(name) \ 338 . = ALIGN(8); \ 339 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(__##name##_thermal_table, \ 340 __##name##_thermal_table,, _end) 341 #else 342 #define THERMAL_TABLE(name) 343 #endif 344 345 #define KERNEL_DTB() \ 346 STRUCT_ALIGN(); \ 347 __dtb_start = .; \ 348 KEEP(*(.dtb.init.rodata)) \ 349 __dtb_end = .; 350 351 /* 352 * .data section 353 */ 354 #define DATA_DATA \ 355 *(.xiptext) \ 356 *(DATA_MAIN) \ 357 *(.data..decrypted) \ 358 *(.ref.data) \ 359 *(.data..shared_aligned) /* percpu related */ \ 360 *(.data..unlikely) \ 361 __start_once = .; \ 362 *(.data..once) \ 363 __end_once = .; \ 364 STRUCT_ALIGN(); \ 365 *(__tracepoints) \ 366 /* implement dynamic printk debug */ \ 367 . = ALIGN(8); \ 368 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg_classes, ___dyndbg_classes) \ 369 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__dyndbg, ___dyndbg) \ 370 CODETAG_SECTIONS() \ 371 LIKELY_PROFILE() \ 372 BRANCH_PROFILE() \ 373 TRACE_PRINTKS() \ 374 BPF_RAW_TP() \ 375 TRACEPOINT_STR() \ 376 KUNIT_TABLE() 377 378 /* 379 * Data section helpers 380 */ 381 #define NOSAVE_DATA \ 382 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 383 __nosave_begin = .; \ 384 *(.data..nosave) \ 385 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 386 __nosave_end = .; 387 388 #define CACHE_HOT_DATA(align) \ 389 . = ALIGN(align); \ 390 *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.data..hot.*)) \ 391 . = ALIGN(align); 392 393 #define PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA(page_align) \ 394 . = ALIGN(page_align); \ 395 *(.data..page_aligned) \ 396 . = ALIGN(page_align); 397 398 #define READ_MOSTLY_DATA(align) \ 399 . = ALIGN(align); \ 400 *(.data..read_mostly) \ 401 . = ALIGN(align); 402 403 #define CACHELINE_ALIGNED_DATA(align) \ 404 . = ALIGN(align); \ 405 *(.data..cacheline_aligned) 406 407 #define INIT_TASK_DATA(align) \ 408 . = ALIGN(align); \ 409 __start_init_stack = .; \ 410 init_thread_union = .; \ 411 init_stack = .; \ 412 KEEP(*(.data..init_thread_info)) \ 413 . = __start_init_stack + THREAD_SIZE; \ 414 __end_init_stack = .; 415 416 #define JUMP_TABLE_DATA \ 417 . = ALIGN(8); \ 418 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__jump_table, ___jump_table) 419 420 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL_INLINE 421 #define STATIC_CALL_DATA \ 422 . = ALIGN(8); \ 423 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.static_call_sites, _static_call_sites) \ 424 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.static_call_tramp_key, _static_call_tramp_key) 425 #else 426 #define STATIC_CALL_DATA 427 #endif 428 429 /* 430 * Allow architectures to handle ro_after_init data on their 431 * own by defining an empty RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA. 432 */ 433 #ifndef RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA 434 #define RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA \ 435 . = ALIGN(8); \ 436 __start_ro_after_init = .; \ 437 *(.data..ro_after_init) \ 438 JUMP_TABLE_DATA \ 439 STATIC_CALL_DATA \ 440 __end_ro_after_init = .; 441 #endif 442 443 /* 444 * .kcfi_traps contains a list KCFI trap locations. 445 */ 446 #ifndef KCFI_TRAPS 447 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_USES_CFI_TRAPS 448 #define KCFI_TRAPS \ 449 __kcfi_traps : AT(ADDR(__kcfi_traps) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 450 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.kcfi_traps, ___kcfi_traps) \ 451 } 452 #else 453 #define KCFI_TRAPS 454 #endif 455 #endif 456 457 /* 458 * Read only Data 459 */ 460 #define RO_DATA(align) \ 461 . = ALIGN((align)); \ 462 .rodata : AT(ADDR(.rodata) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 463 __start_rodata = .; \ 464 *(.rodata) *(.rodata.*) *(.data.rel.ro*) \ 465 SCHED_DATA \ 466 RO_AFTER_INIT_DATA /* Read only after init */ \ 467 . = ALIGN(8); \ 468 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__tracepoints_ptrs, ___tracepoints_ptrs) \ 469 *(__tracepoints_strings)/* Tracepoints: strings */ \ 470 } \ 471 \ 472 .rodata1 : AT(ADDR(.rodata1) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 473 *(.rodata1) \ 474 } \ 475 \ 476 /* PCI quirks */ \ 477 .pci_fixup : AT(ADDR(.pci_fixup) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 478 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.pci_fixup_early, _pci_fixups_early, __start, __end) \ 479 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.pci_fixup_header, _pci_fixups_header, __start, __end) \ 480 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.pci_fixup_final, _pci_fixups_final, __start, __end) \ 481 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.pci_fixup_enable, _pci_fixups_enable, __start, __end) \ 482 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.pci_fixup_resume, _pci_fixups_resume, __start, __end) \ 483 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.pci_fixup_suspend, _pci_fixups_suspend, __start, __end) \ 484 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.pci_fixup_resume_early, _pci_fixups_resume_early, __start, __end) \ 485 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.pci_fixup_suspend_late, _pci_fixups_suspend_late, __start, __end) \ 486 } \ 487 \ 488 FW_LOADER_BUILT_IN_DATA \ 489 TRACEDATA \ 490 \ 491 PRINTK_INDEX \ 492 \ 493 /* Kernel symbol table: Normal symbols */ \ 494 __ksymtab : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 495 __start___ksymtab = .; \ 496 KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab+*))) \ 497 __stop___ksymtab = .; \ 498 } \ 499 \ 500 /* Kernel symbol table: GPL-only symbols */ \ 501 __ksymtab_gpl : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_gpl) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 502 __start___ksymtab_gpl = .; \ 503 KEEP(*(SORT(___ksymtab_gpl+*))) \ 504 __stop___ksymtab_gpl = .; \ 505 } \ 506 \ 507 /* Kernel symbol table: Normal symbols */ \ 508 __kcrctab : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 509 __start___kcrctab = .; \ 510 KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab+*))) \ 511 __stop___kcrctab = .; \ 512 } \ 513 \ 514 /* Kernel symbol table: GPL-only symbols */ \ 515 __kcrctab_gpl : AT(ADDR(__kcrctab_gpl) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 516 __start___kcrctab_gpl = .; \ 517 KEEP(*(SORT(___kcrctab_gpl+*))) \ 518 __stop___kcrctab_gpl = .; \ 519 } \ 520 \ 521 /* Kernel symbol table: strings */ \ 522 __ksymtab_strings : AT(ADDR(__ksymtab_strings) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 523 *(__ksymtab_strings) \ 524 } \ 525 \ 526 /* __*init sections */ \ 527 __init_rodata : AT(ADDR(__init_rodata) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 528 *(.ref.rodata) \ 529 } \ 530 \ 531 /* Built-in module parameters. */ \ 532 __param : AT(ADDR(__param) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 533 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__param, ___param) \ 534 } \ 535 \ 536 /* Built-in module versions. */ \ 537 __modver : AT(ADDR(__modver) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 538 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__modver, ___modver) \ 539 } \ 540 \ 541 KCFI_TRAPS \ 542 \ 543 RO_EXCEPTION_TABLE \ 544 NOTES \ 545 BTF \ 546 \ 547 . = ALIGN((align)); \ 548 __end_rodata = .; 549 550 551 /* 552 * Non-instrumentable text section 553 */ 554 #define NOINSTR_TEXT \ 555 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 556 __noinstr_text_start = .; \ 557 *(.noinstr.text) \ 558 __cpuidle_text_start = .; \ 559 *(.cpuidle.text) \ 560 __cpuidle_text_end = .; \ 561 __noinstr_text_end = .; 562 563 #define TEXT_SPLIT \ 564 __split_text_start = .; \ 565 *(.text.split .text.split.[0-9a-zA-Z_]*) \ 566 __split_text_end = .; 567 568 #define TEXT_UNLIKELY \ 569 __unlikely_text_start = .; \ 570 *(.text.unlikely .text.unlikely.*) \ 571 __unlikely_text_end = .; 572 573 #define TEXT_HOT \ 574 __hot_text_start = .; \ 575 *(.text.hot .text.hot.*) \ 576 __hot_text_end = .; 577 578 /* 579 * .text section. Map to function alignment to avoid address changes 580 * during second ld run in second ld pass when generating System.map 581 * 582 * TEXT_MAIN here will match symbols with a fixed pattern (for example, 583 * .text.hot or .text.unlikely) if dead code elimination or 584 * function-section is enabled. Match these symbols first before 585 * TEXT_MAIN to ensure they are grouped together. 586 * 587 * Also placing .text.hot section at the beginning of a page, this 588 * would help the TLB performance. 589 */ 590 #define TEXT_TEXT \ 591 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 592 *(.text.asan.* .text.tsan.*) \ 593 *(.text.unknown .text.unknown.*) \ 594 TEXT_SPLIT \ 595 TEXT_UNLIKELY \ 596 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 597 TEXT_HOT \ 598 *(TEXT_MAIN .text.fixup) \ 599 NOINSTR_TEXT \ 600 *(.ref.text) 601 602 /* sched.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same 603 * address even at second ld pass when generating System.map */ 604 #define SCHED_TEXT \ 605 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 606 __sched_text_start = .; \ 607 *(.sched.text) \ 608 __sched_text_end = .; 609 610 /* spinlock.text is aling to function alignment to secure we have same 611 * address even at second ld pass when generating System.map */ 612 #define LOCK_TEXT \ 613 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 614 __lock_text_start = .; \ 615 *(.spinlock.text) \ 616 __lock_text_end = .; 617 618 #define KPROBES_TEXT \ 619 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 620 __kprobes_text_start = .; \ 621 *(.kprobes.text) \ 622 __kprobes_text_end = .; 623 624 #define ENTRY_TEXT \ 625 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 626 __entry_text_start = .; \ 627 *(.entry.text) \ 628 __entry_text_end = .; 629 630 #define IRQENTRY_TEXT \ 631 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 632 __irqentry_text_start = .; \ 633 *(.irqentry.text) \ 634 __irqentry_text_end = .; 635 636 #define SOFTIRQENTRY_TEXT \ 637 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 638 __softirqentry_text_start = .; \ 639 *(.softirqentry.text) \ 640 __softirqentry_text_end = .; 641 642 #define STATIC_CALL_TEXT \ 643 ALIGN_FUNCTION(); \ 644 __static_call_text_start = .; \ 645 *(.static_call.text) \ 646 __static_call_text_end = .; 647 648 /* Section used for early init (in .S files) */ 649 #define HEAD_TEXT KEEP(*(.head.text)) 650 651 #define HEAD_TEXT_SECTION \ 652 .head.text : AT(ADDR(.head.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 653 HEAD_TEXT \ 654 } 655 656 /* 657 * Exception table 658 */ 659 #define EXCEPTION_TABLE(align) \ 660 . = ALIGN(align); \ 661 __ex_table : AT(ADDR(__ex_table) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 662 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__ex_table, ___ex_table) \ 663 } 664 665 /* 666 * .BTF 667 */ 668 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF 669 #define BTF \ 670 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 671 .BTF : AT(ADDR(.BTF) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 672 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.BTF, _BTF) \ 673 } \ 674 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 675 .BTF_ids : AT(ADDR(.BTF_ids) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 676 *(.BTF_ids) \ 677 } 678 #else 679 #define BTF 680 #endif 681 682 /* 683 * Init task 684 */ 685 #define INIT_TASK_DATA_SECTION(align) \ 686 . = ALIGN(align); \ 687 .data..init_task : AT(ADDR(.data..init_task) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 688 INIT_TASK_DATA(align) \ 689 } 690 691 #ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS 692 #define KERNEL_CTORS() . = ALIGN(8); \ 693 __ctors_start = .; \ 694 KEEP(*(SORT(.ctors.*))) \ 695 KEEP(*(.ctors)) \ 696 KEEP(*(SORT(.init_array.*))) \ 697 KEEP(*(.init_array)) \ 698 __ctors_end = .; 699 #else 700 #define KERNEL_CTORS() 701 #endif 702 703 /* init and exit section handling */ 704 #define INIT_DATA \ 705 KEEP(*(SORT(___kentry+*))) \ 706 *(.init.data .init.data.*) \ 707 KERNEL_CTORS() \ 708 MCOUNT_REC() \ 709 *(.init.rodata .init.rodata.*) \ 710 FTRACE_EVENTS() \ 711 TRACE_SYSCALLS() \ 712 KPROBE_BLACKLIST() \ 713 ERROR_INJECT_WHITELIST() \ 714 CLK_OF_TABLES() \ 715 RESERVEDMEM_OF_TABLES() \ 716 TIMER_OF_TABLES() \ 717 CPU_METHOD_OF_TABLES() \ 718 CPUIDLE_METHOD_OF_TABLES() \ 719 KERNEL_DTB() \ 720 IRQCHIP_OF_MATCH_TABLE() \ 721 ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(irqchip) \ 722 ACPI_PROBE_TABLE(timer) \ 723 THERMAL_TABLE(governor) \ 724 EARLYCON_TABLE() \ 725 LSM_TABLE() \ 726 EARLY_LSM_TABLE() \ 727 KUNIT_INIT_TABLE() 728 729 #define INIT_TEXT \ 730 *(.init.text .init.text.*) \ 731 *(.text.startup) 732 733 #define EXIT_DATA \ 734 *(.exit.data .exit.data.*) \ 735 *(.fini_array .fini_array.*) \ 736 *(.dtors .dtors.*) \ 737 738 #define EXIT_TEXT \ 739 *(.exit.text) \ 740 *(.text.exit) \ 741 742 #define EXIT_CALL \ 743 *(.exitcall.exit) 744 745 /* 746 * bss (Block Started by Symbol) - uninitialized data 747 * zeroed during startup 748 */ 749 #define SBSS(sbss_align) \ 750 . = ALIGN(sbss_align); \ 751 .sbss : AT(ADDR(.sbss) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 752 *(.dynsbss) \ 753 *(SBSS_MAIN) \ 754 *(.scommon) \ 755 } 756 757 /* 758 * Allow archectures to redefine BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS to add extra 759 * sections to the front of bss. 760 */ 761 #ifndef BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS 762 #define BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS 763 #endif 764 765 #define BSS(bss_align) \ 766 . = ALIGN(bss_align); \ 767 .bss : AT(ADDR(.bss) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 768 BSS_FIRST_SECTIONS \ 769 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 770 *(.bss..page_aligned) \ 771 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 772 *(.dynbss) \ 773 *(BSS_MAIN) \ 774 *(COMMON) \ 775 } 776 777 /* 778 * DWARF debug sections. 779 * Symbols in the DWARF debugging sections are relative to 780 * the beginning of the section so we begin them at 0. 781 */ 782 #define DWARF_DEBUG \ 783 /* DWARF 1 */ \ 784 .debug 0 : { *(.debug) } \ 785 .line 0 : { *(.line) } \ 786 /* GNU DWARF 1 extensions */ \ 787 .debug_srcinfo 0 : { *(.debug_srcinfo) } \ 788 .debug_sfnames 0 : { *(.debug_sfnames) } \ 789 /* DWARF 1.1 and DWARF 2 */ \ 790 .debug_aranges 0 : { *(.debug_aranges) } \ 791 .debug_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_pubnames) } \ 792 /* DWARF 2 */ \ 793 .debug_info 0 : { *(.debug_info \ 794 .gnu.linkonce.wi.*) } \ 795 .debug_abbrev 0 : { *(.debug_abbrev) } \ 796 .debug_line 0 : { *(.debug_line) } \ 797 .debug_frame 0 : { *(.debug_frame) } \ 798 .debug_str 0 : { *(.debug_str) } \ 799 .debug_loc 0 : { *(.debug_loc) } \ 800 .debug_macinfo 0 : { *(.debug_macinfo) } \ 801 .debug_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_pubtypes) } \ 802 /* DWARF 3 */ \ 803 .debug_ranges 0 : { *(.debug_ranges) } \ 804 /* SGI/MIPS DWARF 2 extensions */ \ 805 .debug_weaknames 0 : { *(.debug_weaknames) } \ 806 .debug_funcnames 0 : { *(.debug_funcnames) } \ 807 .debug_typenames 0 : { *(.debug_typenames) } \ 808 .debug_varnames 0 : { *(.debug_varnames) } \ 809 /* GNU DWARF 2 extensions */ \ 810 .debug_gnu_pubnames 0 : { *(.debug_gnu_pubnames) } \ 811 .debug_gnu_pubtypes 0 : { *(.debug_gnu_pubtypes) } \ 812 /* DWARF 4 */ \ 813 .debug_types 0 : { *(.debug_types) } \ 814 /* DWARF 5 */ \ 815 .debug_addr 0 : { *(.debug_addr) } \ 816 .debug_line_str 0 : { *(.debug_line_str) } \ 817 .debug_loclists 0 : { *(.debug_loclists) } \ 818 .debug_macro 0 : { *(.debug_macro) } \ 819 .debug_names 0 : { *(.debug_names) } \ 820 .debug_rnglists 0 : { *(.debug_rnglists) } \ 821 .debug_str_offsets 0 : { *(.debug_str_offsets) } 822 823 /* Stabs debugging sections. */ 824 #define STABS_DEBUG \ 825 .stab 0 : { *(.stab) } \ 826 .stabstr 0 : { *(.stabstr) } \ 827 .stab.excl 0 : { *(.stab.excl) } \ 828 .stab.exclstr 0 : { *(.stab.exclstr) } \ 829 .stab.index 0 : { *(.stab.index) } \ 830 .stab.indexstr 0 : { *(.stab.indexstr) } 831 832 /* Required sections not related to debugging. */ 833 #define ELF_DETAILS \ 834 .comment 0 : { *(.comment) } \ 835 .symtab 0 : { *(.symtab) } \ 836 .strtab 0 : { *(.strtab) } \ 837 .shstrtab 0 : { *(.shstrtab) } 838 839 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG 840 #define BUG_TABLE \ 841 . = ALIGN(8); \ 842 __bug_table : AT(ADDR(__bug_table) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 843 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(__bug_table, ___bug_table) \ 844 } 845 #else 846 #define BUG_TABLE 847 #endif 848 849 #ifdef CONFIG_UNWINDER_ORC 850 #define ORC_UNWIND_TABLE \ 851 .orc_header : AT(ADDR(.orc_header) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 852 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.orc_header, _orc_header) \ 853 } \ 854 . = ALIGN(4); \ 855 .orc_unwind_ip : AT(ADDR(.orc_unwind_ip) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 856 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.orc_unwind_ip, _orc_unwind_ip) \ 857 } \ 858 . = ALIGN(2); \ 859 .orc_unwind : AT(ADDR(.orc_unwind) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 860 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.orc_unwind, _orc_unwind) \ 861 } \ 862 text_size = _etext - _stext; \ 863 . = ALIGN(4); \ 864 .orc_lookup : AT(ADDR(.orc_lookup) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 865 orc_lookup = .; \ 866 . += (((text_size + LOOKUP_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / \ 867 LOOKUP_BLOCK_SIZE) + 1) * 4; \ 868 orc_lookup_end = .; \ 869 } 870 #else 871 #define ORC_UNWIND_TABLE 872 #endif 873 874 /* Built-in firmware blobs */ 875 #ifdef CONFIG_FW_LOADER 876 #define FW_LOADER_BUILT_IN_DATA \ 877 .builtin_fw : AT(ADDR(.builtin_fw) - LOAD_OFFSET) ALIGN(8) { \ 878 BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(.builtin_fw, _builtin_fw, __start, __end) \ 879 } 880 #else 881 #define FW_LOADER_BUILT_IN_DATA 882 #endif 883 884 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_TRACE 885 #define TRACEDATA \ 886 . = ALIGN(4); \ 887 .tracedata : AT(ADDR(.tracedata) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 888 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(.tracedata, __tracedata, _start, _end) \ 889 } 890 #else 891 #define TRACEDATA 892 #endif 893 894 #ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK_INDEX 895 #define PRINTK_INDEX \ 896 .printk_index : AT(ADDR(.printk_index) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 897 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.printk_index, _printk_index) \ 898 } 899 #else 900 #define PRINTK_INDEX 901 #endif 902 903 /* 904 * Discard .note.GNU-stack, which is emitted as PROGBITS by the compiler. 905 * Otherwise, the type of .notes section would become PROGBITS instead of NOTES. 906 * 907 * Also, discard .note.gnu.property, otherwise it forces the notes section to 908 * be 8-byte aligned which causes alignment mismatches with the kernel's custom 909 * 4-byte aligned notes. 910 */ 911 #define NOTES \ 912 /DISCARD/ : { \ 913 *(.note.GNU-stack) \ 914 *(.note.gnu.property) \ 915 } \ 916 .notes : AT(ADDR(.notes) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 917 BOUNDED_SECTION_BY(.note.*, _notes) \ 918 } NOTES_HEADERS \ 919 NOTES_HEADERS_RESTORE 920 921 #define INIT_SETUP(initsetup_align) \ 922 . = ALIGN(initsetup_align); \ 923 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(.init.setup, __setup, _start, _end) 924 925 #define INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(level) \ 926 __initcall##level##_start = .; \ 927 KEEP(*(.initcall##level##.init)) \ 928 KEEP(*(.initcall##level##s.init)) \ 929 930 #define INIT_CALLS \ 931 __initcall_start = .; \ 932 KEEP(*(.initcallearly.init)) \ 933 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(0) \ 934 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(1) \ 935 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(2) \ 936 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(3) \ 937 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(4) \ 938 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(5) \ 939 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(rootfs) \ 940 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(6) \ 941 INIT_CALLS_LEVEL(7) \ 942 __initcall_end = .; 943 944 #define CON_INITCALL \ 945 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(.con_initcall.init, __con_initcall, _start, _end) 946 947 #define NAMED_SECTION(name) \ 948 . = ALIGN(8); \ 949 name : AT(ADDR(name) - LOAD_OFFSET) \ 950 { BOUNDED_SECTION_PRE_LABEL(name, name, __start_, __stop_) } 951 952 #define RUNTIME_CONST(t,x) NAMED_SECTION(runtime_##t##_##x) 953 954 #define RUNTIME_CONST_VARIABLES \ 955 RUNTIME_CONST(shift, d_hash_shift) \ 956 RUNTIME_CONST(ptr, dentry_hashtable) 957 958 /* Alignment must be consistent with (kunit_suite *) in include/kunit/test.h */ 959 #define KUNIT_TABLE() \ 960 . = ALIGN(8); \ 961 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(.kunit_test_suites, __kunit_suites, _start, _end) 962 963 /* Alignment must be consistent with (kunit_suite *) in include/kunit/test.h */ 964 #define KUNIT_INIT_TABLE() \ 965 . = ALIGN(8); \ 966 BOUNDED_SECTION_POST_LABEL(.kunit_init_test_suites, \ 967 __kunit_init_suites, _start, _end) 968 969 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD 970 #define INIT_RAM_FS \ 971 . = ALIGN(4); \ 972 __initramfs_start = .; \ 973 KEEP(*(.init.ramfs)) \ 974 . = ALIGN(8); \ 975 KEEP(*(.init.ramfs.info)) 976 #else 977 #define INIT_RAM_FS 978 #endif 979 980 /* 981 * Memory encryption operates on a page basis. Since we need to clear 982 * the memory encryption mask for this section, it needs to be aligned 983 * on a page boundary and be a page-size multiple in length. 984 * 985 * Note: We use a separate section so that only this section gets 986 * decrypted to avoid exposing more than we wish. 987 */ 988 #ifdef CONFIG_AMD_MEM_ENCRYPT 989 #define PERCPU_DECRYPTED_SECTION \ 990 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 991 *(.data..percpu..decrypted) \ 992 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); 993 #else 994 #define PERCPU_DECRYPTED_SECTION 995 #endif 996 997 998 /* 999 * Default discarded sections. 1000 * 1001 * Some archs want to discard exit text/data at runtime rather than 1002 * link time due to cross-section references such as alt instructions, 1003 * bug table, eh_frame, etc. DISCARDS must be the last of output 1004 * section definitions so that such archs put those in earlier section 1005 * definitions. 1006 */ 1007 #ifdef RUNTIME_DISCARD_EXIT 1008 #define EXIT_DISCARDS 1009 #else 1010 #define EXIT_DISCARDS \ 1011 EXIT_TEXT \ 1012 EXIT_DATA 1013 #endif 1014 1015 /* 1016 * Clang's -fprofile-arcs, -fsanitize=kernel-address, and 1017 * -fsanitize=thread produce unwanted sections (.eh_frame 1018 * and .init_array.*), but CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS wants to 1019 * keep any .init_array.* sections. 1020 * https://llvm.org/pr46478 1021 */ 1022 #ifdef CONFIG_UNWIND_TABLES 1023 #define DISCARD_EH_FRAME 1024 #else 1025 #define DISCARD_EH_FRAME *(.eh_frame) 1026 #endif 1027 #if defined(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL) || defined(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined(CONFIG_KCSAN) 1028 # ifdef CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS 1029 # define SANITIZER_DISCARDS \ 1030 DISCARD_EH_FRAME 1031 # else 1032 # define SANITIZER_DISCARDS \ 1033 *(.init_array) *(.init_array.*) \ 1034 DISCARD_EH_FRAME 1035 # endif 1036 #else 1037 # define SANITIZER_DISCARDS 1038 #endif 1039 1040 #define COMMON_DISCARDS \ 1041 SANITIZER_DISCARDS \ 1042 PATCHABLE_DISCARDS \ 1043 *(.discard) \ 1044 *(.discard.*) \ 1045 *(.export_symbol) \ 1046 *(.no_trim_symbol) \ 1047 *(.modinfo) \ 1048 /* ld.bfd warns about .gnu.version* even when not emitted */ \ 1049 *(.gnu.version*) \ 1050 1051 #define DISCARDS \ 1052 /DISCARD/ : { \ 1053 EXIT_DISCARDS \ 1054 EXIT_CALL \ 1055 COMMON_DISCARDS \ 1056 } 1057 1058 /** 1059 * PERCPU_INPUT - the percpu input sections 1060 * @cacheline: cacheline size 1061 * 1062 * The core percpu section names and core symbols which do not rely 1063 * directly upon load addresses. 1064 * 1065 * @cacheline is used to align subsections to avoid false cacheline 1066 * sharing between subsections for different purposes. 1067 */ 1068 #define PERCPU_INPUT(cacheline) \ 1069 __per_cpu_start = .; \ 1070 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 1071 *(.data..percpu..page_aligned) \ 1072 . = ALIGN(cacheline); \ 1073 __per_cpu_hot_start = .; \ 1074 *(SORT_BY_ALIGNMENT(.data..percpu..hot.*)) \ 1075 __per_cpu_hot_end = .; \ 1076 . = ALIGN(cacheline); \ 1077 *(.data..percpu..read_mostly) \ 1078 . = ALIGN(cacheline); \ 1079 *(.data..percpu) \ 1080 *(.data..percpu..shared_aligned) \ 1081 PERCPU_DECRYPTED_SECTION \ 1082 __per_cpu_end = .; 1083 1084 /** 1085 * PERCPU_SECTION - define output section for percpu area 1086 * @cacheline: cacheline size 1087 * 1088 * Macro which expands to output section for percpu area. 1089 * 1090 * @cacheline is used to align subsections to avoid false cacheline 1091 * sharing between subsections for different purposes. 1092 */ 1093 #define PERCPU_SECTION(cacheline) \ 1094 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 1095 .data..percpu : AT(ADDR(.data..percpu) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 1096 PERCPU_INPUT(cacheline) \ 1097 } 1098 1099 1100 /* 1101 * Definition of the high level *_SECTION macros 1102 * They will fit only a subset of the architectures 1103 */ 1104 1105 1106 /* 1107 * Writeable data. 1108 * All sections are combined in a single .data section. 1109 * The sections following CONSTRUCTORS are arranged so their 1110 * typical alignment matches. 1111 * A cacheline is typical/always less than a PAGE_SIZE so 1112 * the sections that has this restriction (or similar) 1113 * is located before the ones requiring PAGE_SIZE alignment. 1114 * NOSAVE_DATA starts and ends with a PAGE_SIZE alignment which 1115 * matches the requirement of PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA. 1116 * 1117 * use 0 as page_align if page_aligned data is not used */ 1118 #define RW_DATA(cacheline, pagealigned, inittask) \ 1119 . = ALIGN(PAGE_SIZE); \ 1120 .data : AT(ADDR(.data) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 1121 INIT_TASK_DATA(inittask) \ 1122 NOSAVE_DATA \ 1123 PAGE_ALIGNED_DATA(pagealigned) \ 1124 CACHE_HOT_DATA(cacheline) \ 1125 CACHELINE_ALIGNED_DATA(cacheline) \ 1126 READ_MOSTLY_DATA(cacheline) \ 1127 DATA_DATA \ 1128 CONSTRUCTORS \ 1129 } \ 1130 BUG_TABLE \ 1131 1132 #define INIT_TEXT_SECTION(inittext_align) \ 1133 . = ALIGN(inittext_align); \ 1134 .init.text : AT(ADDR(.init.text) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 1135 _sinittext = .; \ 1136 INIT_TEXT \ 1137 _einittext = .; \ 1138 } 1139 1140 #define INIT_DATA_SECTION(initsetup_align) \ 1141 .init.data : AT(ADDR(.init.data) - LOAD_OFFSET) { \ 1142 INIT_DATA \ 1143 INIT_SETUP(initsetup_align) \ 1144 INIT_CALLS \ 1145 CON_INITCALL \ 1146 INIT_RAM_FS \ 1147 } 1148 1149 #define BSS_SECTION(sbss_align, bss_align, stop_align) \ 1150 . = ALIGN(sbss_align); \ 1151 __bss_start = .; \ 1152 SBSS(sbss_align) \ 1153 BSS(bss_align) \ 1154 . = ALIGN(stop_align); \ 1155 __bss_stop = .; 1156