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/qemu/docs/devel/
H A Dmultiple-iothreads.rst16 QEMU is an event-driven program that can do several things at once using an
53 The main difference between legacy code and new code that can run in an
67 * LEGACY ``qemu_aio_set_event_notifier()`` - monitor an event notifier
71 * LEGACY ``qemu_aio_wait()`` - run an event loop iteration
74 runs in an ``IOThread``. They might cause a crash or deadlock if called from an
79 * ``aio_set_event_notifier()`` - monitor an event notifier
83 * ``aio_poll()`` - run an event loop iteration
93 ``qemu_get_aio_context()``. Code that takes an ``AioContext`` argument
97 How to synchronize with an ``IOThread``
104 are thread-safe. They can be used to trigger activity in an ``IOThread``.
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H A Dcontrol-flow-integrity.rst15 function calls have not been altered by an attacker.
48 If desired, an additional flag to increase the verbosity of the output in case
55 violation, the binary will terminate with an illegal instruction signal.
78 3. Plugins, since a plugin is implemented as an external library
80 4. Modules, since they are implemented as an external library
83 signal handler may have been provided by an external library or even plugged
89 If you are working on function that is performing a call using an
92 definition, and add an explanation on why the function is not compatible
98 * A TB is a blob of binary code, created at runtime and called with an
119 an assertion. However, other sanitizers such as address and ub sanitizers
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H A Dreset.rst24 You can apply a reset to an object using ``resettable_assert_reset()``. You need
26 instantly reset an object, without keeping it in reset state, just call
30 The Resettable interface handles reset types with an enum ``ResetType``:
86 Note that, since resettable is an interface, the API takes a simple Object as
89 calls to resettable interface are done through base class functions, such an
98 Device or Bus into an Object and pass the cold reset type. When possible
116 of an object is split into three well defined phases.
139 (if an object is already in reset state when calling
155 This section documents the APIs that an implementation of a resettable object
158 for example when specializing an existing device or bus.
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H A Dtcg-icount.rst13 long an instruction would take on real hardware. That is a job for
21 deterministic execution and is an essential part of the record/replay
56 might potentially trigger an I/O event, at which point we will need an
59 To deal with this case, when an I/O access is made we:
76 When the translator is handling an instruction of this kind:
H A Dclocks.rst26 Here is an example of clocks::
56 The state of a clock is its period; it is stored as an integer
82 To add an input clock to a device, the function ``qdev_init_clock_in()``
83 must be used. It takes the name, a callback, an opaque parameter
101 As an example, the following creates 2 clocks to a device: one input and one
144 ``object_new(TYPE_CLOCK)``. In that case the clock will neither be an
145 input nor an output of a device. After the whole QOM hierarchy of the
162 * by passing it as an argument to ``qdev_init_clock_in()``
163 * as an argument to the ``QDEV_CLOCK_IN()`` macro initializing an
223 ``qdev_connect_clock_in()`` function to set the source of an input
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H A Dmemory.rst19 Memory is modelled as an acyclic graph of MemoryRegion objects. Sinks
53 - IOMMU region: an IOMMU region translates addresses of accesses made to it
55 these are only needed for modelling an IOMMU, not for simple devices.
61 and an MMIO region.
79 but an alias may not point back to itself, directly or indirectly.
89 (that is, to an MMIO, RAM or ROM region). This means that the region
96 Subregions cannot be added to an alias region.
146 attached to an object, which acts as its owner or parent. QEMU ensures
149 device. For example, the owner object will not die between an
152 After creation, a region can be added to an address space or a
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H A Dqapi-code-gen.rst67 syntax in an EBNF-like notation:
155 self-contained, but at the moment, nothing prevents an included file
157 an outer file. The parser may be made stricter in the future to
223 Nothing prevents an empty enumeration, although it is probably not
226 On the wire, an enumeration type's value is represented by its
227 (string) name. In C, it's represented by an enumeration constant.
236 QAPI schema order), where N is the number of values. There is an
239 Do not use string or an integer type when an enumeration type can do
261 A one-element array containing a string denotes an array of the type
262 named by the string. Example: ``['int']`` denotes an array of ``int``.
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/qemu/docs/
H A Dimage-fuzzer.txt44 The runner uses an external image fuzzer to generate test images. An image
79 - $off for an offset in the fuzzed image
136 The runner calls an image generator specifying the path to a test image file,
155 purpose, so an image generator is not recommended to modify it internally.
183 6. Should generate the test image with the correct structure based on an image
185 7. Should accept a seed as an argument (for regression purpose)
186 8. Should generate a seed if it is not specified as an input parameter.
189 10. Should accept a vector of actions as an argument (for test reproducing and
193 actions, if it is not specified as an input parameter
194 12. Pool of actions should be defined automatically based on an image template
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/qemu/docs/interop/
H A Dparallels.rst34 Block Allocation Table, an entity that contains information for
40 The header is placed at the start of an image and contains the following
76 A zero in this field means that the image was opened by an old
105 Format Extension offset, an offset, in sectors, from the start of
118 Each BAT entry contains an offset from the start of the file to the
137 The data area is an area from the data offset (provided by ``header.data_off``
148 The Format Extension is an area 1 cluster in size that provides additional
173 If the software cannot load the extension (due to an
175 changed. If this flag is unset and there is an error on
179 If there is an unknown extension with this flag set,
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H A Dqed_spec.txt9 …ut the image file. A regular cluster may be a '''data cluster''', an '''L2''', or an '''L1 table'…
45 …ed within the first ''header_size'' clusters. The backing filename may be an absolute path or rel…
50 …This should be used to ensure that raw backing files are never detected as an image format if they…
80 …ontiguous clusters. The table_size header field determines table size for an image file. For exa…
94 …ay wish to store per-offset information. The least significant 12 bits of an offset are reserved …
97 Reads to an unallocated area of the image file access the backing file. If there is no backing fil…
99 Writes to an unallocated area cause a new data clusters to be allocated, and a new L2 table if that…
104 Reads to a zero data cluster produce zeroes. Note that the difference between an unallocated and a…
131 …QED_F_NEED_CHECK bit is used to mark an image as dirty before starting an operation that could lea…
134 # Each cluster is referenced once and only once. It is an inconsistency to have a cluster referenc…
/qemu/docs/system/s390x/
H A Dvfio-ap.rst12 linux system running in an IBM Z system LPAR.
26 An AP adapter is an IBM Z adapter card that can perform cryptographic
27 functions. There can be from 0 to 256 adapters assigned to an LPAR depending
31 determined by machine model. When installed, an AP adapter is accessed by
51 An AP queue is the means by which an AP command-request message is sent to an
53 comprised of an AP adapter ID (APID) and an AP queue index (APQI). The
55 forms an AP Queue Number (APQN) uniquely identifying an AP queue. AP
63 * NQAP: to enqueue an AP command-request message to a queue
64 * DQAP: to dequeue an AP command-reply message from a queue
84 an APID from 0-255. If a bit is set, the corresponding adapter is valid for
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/qemu/docs/specs/
H A Dppc-xive.rst30 routing by matching an event source number with an Event
65 esb: Event State Buffer (Array of PQ bits in an IVSE)
108 an Event State Buffer (ESB) array and can be controlled by MMIOs.
111 Structure (EAS) table for an Event Notification Descriptor (END)
113 a notification path to a CPU and an in-memory Event Queue, in which
114 will be enqueued an EQ data for the O/S to pull.
155 Interrupt flow from an O/S perspective
158 After an event data has been enqueued in the O/S Event Queue, the IVPE
160 in the register IBP (Interrupt Pending Buffer) to indicate that an
169 Register (NSR) is updated to notify the presence of an exception for
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/qemu/docs/system/devices/
H A Dvirtio-snd.rst25 …onfiguration is supported: the first one will always be a playback stream, an optional second will…
33 Add an audio device and an audio backend at once with ``-audio`` and ``model=virtio``:
43 and an audio backend listed with ``-audio driver=help`` that works on your host
/qemu/tests/qemu-iotests/tests/
H A Dinactive-node-nbd.out50 Inactivating nodes with an export fails without allow-inactive
65 Inactivating nodes with an export fails with allow-inactive=false
80 Inactivating nodes with an export works with allow-inactive=true
97 Inactivating nodes with an active parent fails
105 Inactivating nodes with an inactive parent works
113 Creating active parent node with an inactive child fails
119 Creating inactive parent node with an inactive child works
125 === Resizing an inactive node ===
129 === Taking a snapshot of an inactive node ===
151 Streaming into an inactive node
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/qemu/docs/system/arm/
H A Dimx8mp-evk.rst4 The ``imx8mp-evk`` machine models the i.MX 8M Plus Evaluation Kit, based on an
24 * Secure Non-Volatile Storage (SNVS) including an RTC
37 is to generate an image with Buildroot. Version 2024.11.1 is tested at the time
46 Once finished successfully there is an ``output/image`` subfolder. Navigate into
H A Dmcimx7d-sabre.rst5 based an an i.MX7Dual SoC.
H A Dkzm.rst5 evaluation board, which is based on an NXP i.MX32 SoC
6 which uses an ARM1136 CPU.
/qemu/tests/tcg/xtensa/
H A Dtest_fp0_div.S8 .macro divs_seq q, a, b, r, y, y0, an, bn, e, ex
15 nexp01.s \an, \a
19 neg.s \r, \an
28 neg.s \r, \an
/qemu/target/riscv/insn_trans/
H A Dtrans_rvzawrs.c.inc27 * While stalled, an implementation is permitted to occasionally
51 * should raise an exception when the implementation-specific bounded time
53 * immediately, as does our implementation of wrs.sto, or raise an
60 /* We only get here when helper_wrs_nto() doesn't raise an exception. */
/qemu/qapi/
H A Djob.json72 # finish with an error. The job will afterwards report that it is
134 # Pause an active job.
137 # pausing. Pausing an already paused job is an error.
157 # Resuming an already running job is an error.
171 # Instruct an active background job to cancel at the next opportunity.
190 # Manually trigger completion of an active job in the READY or STANDBY
191 # state. Completing the job in any other state is an error.
200 # This command completes an active background block operation
202 # BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED event is not defined. Note that if an I/O error
H A Dintrospect.json19 # Command query-qmp-schema exposes the QMP wire ABI as an array of
31 # version of QEMU may list an object member as an optional
34 # string into a specific enum or from one specific type into an
37 # Returns: array of @SchemaInfo, where each element describes an
62 # @enum: an enumeration type
64 # @array: an array type
66 # @object: an object type (struct or union)
68 # @alternate: an alternate type
134 # @int: JSON number that is an integer
H A Dacpi.json15 # Specify an ACPI table on the command line to load.
48 # as table data. The resultant binary blob is expected to have an
53 # as table data. The resultant binary blob must not have an ACPI
93 # @source: an integer containing the source event
95 # @status: an integer containing the status code
H A Dmisc-i386.json13 # Use of this command is only applicable for x86 machines with an RTC,
60 # @sev-snp: The guest is an SEV-SNP guest.
131 # If unavailable due to an incompatible configuration the returned
171 # - If the launch measurement is unavailable, either due to an
251 # an invalid guest configuration, or if the guest has not
287 # - This will return an error if the attestation report is
288 # unavailable, either due to an invalid guest configuration
390 # @interdomain: The port is connected as an interdomain interrupt.
396 # @ipi: The post is an inter-processor interrupt (IPI).
/qemu/docs/system/
H A Dauthz.rst18 that emit an identity upon completion.
36 the certificate can be used as an identity in the QEMU authorization
61 based on an exact match against a single identity. This is useful when it is
64 A possible use case would be when configuring QEMU for an incoming live
71 To create an instance of this driver via QMP:
98 rule has an associated policy and a catch all policy applies if no rule
99 matches. The match can either be done as an exact string comparison, or can
102 To create an instance of this class via QMP:
133 To create an instance of this class via QMP:
182 To create an instance of this class via QMP:
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H A Dsriov.rst6 SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization) is an optional extended capability of a
12 to compose an SR-IOV device yourself. Composing an SR-IOV device is currently
15 Users can configure an SR-IOV-capable virtio-net device by adding

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