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/linux/tools/testing/selftests/memory-hotplug/
H A Dmem-on-off-test.sh25 if ! ls $SYSFS/devices/system/memory/memory* > /dev/null 2>&1; then
26 echo $msg memory hotplug is not supported >&2
30 if ! grep -q 1 $SYSFS/devices/system/memory/memory*/removable; then
31 echo $msg no hot-pluggable memory >&2
37 # list all hot-pluggable memory
43 for memory in $SYSFS/devices/system/memory/memory*; d
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/linux/drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/nvkm/core/
H A Dmemory.c24 #include <core/memory.h>
30 nvkm_memory_tags_put(struct nvkm_memory *memory, struct nvkm_device *device, in nvkm_memory_tags_put() argument
39 kfree(memory->tags); in nvkm_memory_tags_put()
40 memory->tags = NULL; in nvkm_memory_tags_put()
48 nvkm_memory_tags_get(struct nvkm_memory *memory, struct nvkm_device *device, in nvkm_memory_tags_get() argument
56 if ((tags = memory->tags)) { in nvkm_memory_tags_get()
57 /* If comptags exist for the memory, but a different amount in nvkm_memory_tags_get()
84 * As memory can be mapped in multiple places, we still in nvkm_memory_tags_get()
94 *ptags = memory->tags = tags; in nvkm_memory_tags_get()
101 struct nvkm_memory *memory) in nvkm_memory_ctor() argument
110 struct nvkm_memory *memory = container_of(kref, typeof(*memory), kref); nvkm_memory_del() local
121 struct nvkm_memory *memory = *pmemory; nvkm_memory_unref() local
129 nvkm_memory_ref(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nvkm_memory_ref() argument
142 struct nvkm_memory *memory; nvkm_memory_new() local
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/linux/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/
H A Dmemory-hotplug.rst5 This document describes generic Linux support for memory hot(un)plug with
14 memory available to a machine at runtime. In the simplest case, it consists of
20 - The physical memory available to a machine can be adjusted at runtime, up- or
21 downgrading the memory capacity. This dynamic memory resizing, sometimes
26 example is replacing failing memory modules.
28 - Reducing energy consumption either by physically unplugging memory modules or
29 by logically unplugging (parts of) memory modules from Linux.
31 Further, the basic memory hot(un)plug infrastructure in Linux is nowadays also
32 used to expose persistent memory, othe
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H A Dnumaperf.rst8 Some platforms may have multiple types of memory attached to a compute
9 node. These disparate memory ranges may share some characteristics, such
13 A system supports such heterogeneous memory by grouping each memory type
15 characteristics. Some memory may share the same node as a CPU, and others
16 are provided as memory only nodes. While memory only nodes do not provide
19 nodes with local memory and a memory only node for each of compute node::
30 A "memory initiato
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H A Dconcepts.rst5 The memory management in Linux is a complex system that evolved over the
7 systems from MMU-less microcontrollers to supercomputers. The memory
19 The physical memory in a computer system is a limited resource and
20 even for systems that support memory hotplug there is a hard limit on
21 the amount of memory that can be installed. The physical memory is not
27 All this makes dealing directly with physical memory quite complex and
28 to avoid this complexity a concept of virtual memory was developed.
30 The virtual memory abstracts the details of physical memory fro
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/linux/Documentation/arch/arm64/
H A Dkdump.rst2 crashkernel memory reservation on arm64
9 reserved memory is needed to pre-load the kdump kernel and boot such
12 That reserved memory for kdump is adapted to be able to minimally
19 Through the kernel parameters below, memory can be reserved accordingly
21 large chunk of memomy can be found. The low memory reservation needs to
22 be considered if the crashkernel is reserved from the high memory area.
28 Low memory and high memory
31 For kdump reservations, low memory is the memory are
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/linux/drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/nvkm/subdev/mmu/
H A Dmem.c22 #define nvkm_mem(p) container_of((p), struct nvkm_mem, memory)
25 #include <core/memory.h>
31 struct nvkm_memory memory; member
43 nvkm_mem_target(struct nvkm_memory *memory) in nvkm_mem_target() argument
45 return nvkm_mem(memory)->target; in nvkm_mem_target()
49 nvkm_mem_page(struct nvkm_memory *memory) in nvkm_mem_page() argument
55 nvkm_mem_addr(struct nvkm_memory *memory) in nvkm_mem_addr() argument
57 struct nvkm_mem *mem = nvkm_mem(memory); in nvkm_mem_addr()
64 nvkm_mem_size(struct nvkm_memory *memory) in nvkm_mem_size() argument
66 return nvkm_mem(memory) in nvkm_mem_size()
70 nvkm_mem_map_dma(struct nvkm_memory * memory,u64 offset,struct nvkm_vmm * vmm,struct nvkm_vma * vma,void * argv,u32 argc) nvkm_mem_map_dma() argument
83 nvkm_mem_dtor(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nvkm_mem_dtor() argument
110 nvkm_mem_map_sgl(struct nvkm_memory * memory,u64 offset,struct nvkm_vmm * vmm,struct nvkm_vma * vma,void * argv,u32 argc) nvkm_mem_map_sgl() argument
133 nvkm_mem_map_host(struct nvkm_memory * memory,void ** pmap) nvkm_mem_map_host() argument
227 struct nvkm_memory *memory = NULL; nvkm_mem_new_type() local
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H A Dumem.c26 #include <core/memory.h>
38 struct nvkm_memory *memory = NULL; in nvkm_umem_search() local
48 memory = nvkm_memory_ref(umem->memory); in nvkm_umem_search()
56 memory = nvkm_memory_ref(umem->memory); in nvkm_umem_search()
59 return memory ? memory : ERR_PTR(-ENOENT); in nvkm_umem_search()
98 int ret = nvkm_mem_map_host(umem->memory, &umem->map); in nvkm_umem_map()
103 *length = nvkm_memory_size(umem->memory); in nvkm_umem_map()
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/linux/Documentation/ABI/testing/
H A Dsysfs-devices-memory1 What: /sys/devices/system/memory
5 The /sys/devices/system/memory contains a snapshot of the
6 internal state of the kernel memory blocks. Files could be
9 Users: hotplug memory add/remove tools
12 What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/removable
16 The file /sys/devices/system/memory/memoryX/removable is a
17 legacy interface used to indicated whether a memory block is
19 "1" if and only if the kernel supports memory offlining.
20 Users: hotplug memory remove tools
24 What: /sys/devices/system/memory/memory
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H A Dsysfs-edac-memory-repair7 pertains to the memory media repair features control, such as
8 PPR (Post Package Repair), memory sparing etc, where <dev-name>
10 device driver for the memory repair features.
12 Post Package Repair is a maintenance operation requests the memory
13 device to perform a repair operation on its media. It is a memory
14 self-healing feature that fixes a failing memory location by
16 CXL memory device with DRAM components that support PPR features may
28 decoders have been configured), memory devices (e.g. CXL)
30 physical address map. As such, the memory to repair must be
41 memory sparin
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/linux/Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v1/
H A Dmemory.rst13 memory controller in this document. Do not confuse memory controller
14 used here with the memory controller that is used in hardware.
17 When we mention a cgroup (cgroupfs's directory) with memory controller,
18 we call it "memory cgroup". When you see git-log and source code, you'll
22 Benefits and Purpose of the memory controller
25 The memory controller isolates the memory behaviour of a group of tasks
27 uses of the memory controller. The memory controlle
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/linux/drivers/gpu/drm/nouveau/nvkm/subdev/instmem/
H A Dnv50.c27 #include <core/memory.h>
44 #define nv50_instobj(p) container_of((p), struct nv50_instobj, base.memory)
57 nv50_instobj_wr32_slow(struct nvkm_memory *memory, u64 offset, u32 data) in nv50_instobj_wr32_slow() argument
59 struct nv50_instobj *iobj = nv50_instobj(memory); in nv50_instobj_wr32_slow()
76 nv50_instobj_rd32_slow(struct nvkm_memory *memory, u64 offset) in nv50_instobj_rd32_slow() argument
78 struct nv50_instobj *iobj = nv50_instobj(memory); in nv50_instobj_rd32_slow()
103 nv50_instobj_wr32(struct nvkm_memory *memory, u64 offset, u32 data) in nv50_instobj_wr32() argument
105 iowrite32_native(data, nv50_instobj(memory)->map + offset); in nv50_instobj_wr32()
109 nv50_instobj_rd32(struct nvkm_memory *memory, u64 offset) in nv50_instobj_rd32() argument
111 return ioread32_native(nv50_instobj(memory) in nv50_instobj_rd32()
125 struct nvkm_memory *memory = &iobj->base.memory; nv50_instobj_kmap() local
184 nv50_instobj_map(struct nvkm_memory * memory,u64 offset,struct nvkm_vmm * vmm,struct nvkm_vma * vma,void * argv,u32 argc) nv50_instobj_map() argument
192 nv50_instobj_release(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nv50_instobj_release() argument
217 nv50_instobj_acquire(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nv50_instobj_acquire() argument
266 nv50_instobj_boot(struct nvkm_memory * memory,struct nvkm_vmm * vmm) nv50_instobj_boot() argument
286 nv50_instobj_size(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nv50_instobj_size() argument
292 nv50_instobj_addr(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nv50_instobj_addr() argument
298 nv50_instobj_bar2(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nv50_instobj_bar2() argument
311 nv50_instobj_target(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nv50_instobj_target() argument
317 nv50_instobj_dtor(struct nvkm_memory * memory) nv50_instobj_dtor() argument
358 nv50_instobj_wrap(struct nvkm_instmem * base,struct nvkm_memory * memory,struct nvkm_memory ** pmemory) nv50_instobj_wrap() argument
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H A Dgk20a.c24 * GK20A does not have dedicated video memory, and to accurately represent this
26 * implementation must be done directly on top of system memory, while
30 * 1) If an IOMMU unit has been probed, the IOMMU API is used to make memory
33 * contiguous memory.
46 #include <core/memory.h>
59 #define gk20a_instobj(p) container_of((p), struct gk20a_instobj, base.memory)
116 gk20a_instobj_target(struct nvkm_memory *memory) in gk20a_instobj_target() argument
122 gk20a_instobj_page(struct nvkm_memory *memory) in gk20a_instobj_page() argument
128 gk20a_instobj_addr(struct nvkm_memory *memory) in gk20a_instobj_addr() argument
130 return (u64)gk20a_instobj(memory) in gk20a_instobj_addr()
134 gk20a_instobj_size(struct nvkm_memory * memory) gk20a_instobj_size() argument
174 gk20a_instobj_acquire_dma(struct nvkm_memory * memory) gk20a_instobj_acquire_dma() argument
186 gk20a_instobj_acquire_iommu(struct nvkm_memory * memory) gk20a_instobj_acquire_iommu() argument
229 gk20a_instobj_release_dma(struct nvkm_memory * memory) gk20a_instobj_release_dma() argument
241 gk20a_instobj_release_iommu(struct nvkm_memory * memory) gk20a_instobj_release_iommu() argument
265 gk20a_instobj_rd32(struct nvkm_memory * memory,u64 offset) gk20a_instobj_rd32() argument
273 gk20a_instobj_wr32(struct nvkm_memory * memory,u64 offset,u32 data) gk20a_instobj_wr32() argument
281 gk20a_instobj_map(struct nvkm_memory * memory,u64 offset,struct nvkm_vmm * vmm,struct nvkm_vma * vma,void * argv,u32 argc) gk20a_instobj_map() argument
295 gk20a_instobj_dtor_dma(struct nvkm_memory * memory) gk20a_instobj_dtor_dma() argument
312 gk20a_instobj_dtor_iommu(struct nvkm_memory * memory) gk20a_instobj_dtor_iommu() argument
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/linux/Documentation/mm/
H A Dmemory-model.rst7 Physical memory in a system may be addressed in different ways. The
8 simplest case is when the physical memory starts at address 0 and
13 different memory banks are attached to different CPUs.
15 Linux abstracts this diversity using one of the two memory models:
17 memory models it supports, what the default memory model is and
20 All the memory models track the status of physical page frames using
23 Regardless of the selected memory model, there exists one-to-one
27 Each memory model defines :c:func:`pfn_to_page` and :c:func:`page_to_pfn`
34 The simplest memory mode
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H A Dhmm.rst5 Provide infrastructure and helpers to integrate non-conventional memory (device
6 memory like GPU on board memory) into regular kernel path, with the cornerstone
7 of this being specialized struct page for such memory (see sections 5 to 7 of
18 related to using device specific memory allocators. In the second section, I
22 fifth section deals with how device memory is represented inside the kernel.
28 Problems of using a device specific memory allocator
31 Devices with a large amount of on board memory (several gigabytes) like GPUs
32 have historically managed their memory through dedicated driver specific APIs.
33 This creates a disconnect between memory allocate
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H A Dnuma.rst12 or more CPUs, local memory, and/or IO buses. For brevity and to
26 Coherent NUMA or ccNUMA systems. With ccNUMA systems, all memory is visible
30 Memory access time and effective memory bandwidth varies depending on how far
31 away the cell containing the CPU or IO bus making the memory access is from the
32 cell containing the target memory. For example, access to memory by CPUs
34 bandwidths than accesses to memory on other, remote cells. NUMA platforms
39 memory bandwidth. However, to achieve scalable memory bandwidth, system and
40 application software must arrange for a large majority of the memory reference
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/linux/drivers/staging/octeon/
H A Dethernet-mem.c49 char *memory; in cvm_oct_free_hw_skbuff() local
52 memory = cvmx_fpa_alloc(pool); in cvm_oct_free_hw_skbuff()
53 if (memory) { in cvm_oct_free_hw_skbuff()
55 *(struct sk_buff **)(memory - sizeof(void *)); in cvm_oct_free_hw_skbuff()
59 } while (memory); in cvm_oct_free_hw_skbuff()
70 * cvm_oct_fill_hw_memory - fill a hardware pool with memory.
79 char *memory; in cvm_oct_fill_hw_memory() local
85 * FPA memory must be 128 byte aligned. Since we are in cvm_oct_fill_hw_memory()
87 * can feed it to kfree when the memory is returned to in cvm_oct_fill_hw_memory()
94 memory in cvm_oct_fill_hw_memory()
116 char *memory; cvm_oct_free_hw_memory() local
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/linux/Documentation/edac/
H A Dmemory_repair.rst20 Some memory devices support repair operations to address issues in their
21 memory media. Post Package Repair (PPR) and memory sparing are examples of
27 Post Package Repair is a maintenance operation which requests the memory
28 device to perform repair operation on its media. It is a memory self-healing
29 feature that fixes a failing memory location by replacing it with a spare row
32 For example, a CXL memory device with DRAM components that support PPR
42 The data may not be retained and memory requests may not be correctly
46 For example, for CXL memory devices, see CXL spec rev 3.1 [1]_ sections
53 Memory sparing is a repair function that replaces a portion of memory wit
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/linux/fs/btrfs/tests/
H A Dextent-io-tests.c670 static void dump_eb_and_memory_contents(struct extent_buffer *eb, void *memory, in dump_eb_and_memory_contents() argument
677 if (memcmp(addr, memory + i, 1) != 0) { in dump_eb_and_memory_contents()
679 test_err("eb and memory diffs at byte %u, eb has 0x%02x memory has 0x%02x", in dump_eb_and_memory_contents()
680 i, *(u8 *)addr, *(u8 *)(memory + i)); in dump_eb_and_memory_contents()
686 static int verify_eb_and_memory(struct extent_buffer *eb, void *memory, in verify_eb_and_memory() argument
692 if (memcmp(memory + (i << PAGE_SHIFT), eb_addr, PAGE_SIZE) != 0) { in verify_eb_and_memory()
693 dump_eb_and_memory_contents(eb, memory, test_name); in verify_eb_and_memory()
701 * Init both memory and extent buffer contents to the same randomly generated
704 static void init_eb_and_memory(struct extent_buffer *eb, void *memory) in init_eb_and_memory() argument
714 void *memory = NULL; test_eb_mem_ops() local
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/linux/Documentation/userspace-api/media/v4l/
H A Ddev-mem2mem.rst9 A V4L2 memory-to-memory device can compress, decompress, transform, or
10 otherwise convert video data from one format into another format, in memory.
11 Such memory-to-memory devices set the ``V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M`` or
12 ``V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_M2M_MPLANE`` capability. Examples of memory-to-memory
16 A memory-to-memory video node acts just like a normal video node, but it
17 supports both output (sending frames from memory t
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/linux/Documentation/arch/powerpc/
H A Dfirmware-assisted-dump.rst14 - Fadump uses the same firmware interfaces and memory reservation model
16 - Unlike phyp dump, FADump exports the memory dump through /proc/vmcore
21 - Unlike phyp dump, FADump allows user to release all the memory reserved
35 - Once the dump is copied out, the memory that held the dump
44 - The first kernel registers the sections of memory with the
46 These registered sections of memory are reserved by the first
50 low memory regions (boot memory) from source to destination area.
54 The term 'boot memory' means size of the low memory chun
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/linux/Documentation/core-api/
H A Dmemory-hotplug.rst15 There are six types of notification defined in ``include/linux/memory.h``:
18 Generated before new memory becomes available in order to be able to
19 prepare subsystems to handle memory. The page allocator is still unable
20 to allocate from the new memory.
26 Generated when memory has successfully brought online. The callback may
27 allocate pages from the new memory.
30 Generated to begin the process of offlining memory. Allocations are no
31 longer possible from the memory but some of the memory to be offlined
32 is still in use. The callback can be used to free memory know
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/linux/arch/arm64/boot/dts/ti/
H A Dk3-am68-sk-som.dtsi12 memory@80000000 {
13 device_type = "memory";
20 reserved_memory: reserved-memory {
30 mcu_r5fss0_core0_dma_memory_region: r5f-dma-memory@a0000000 {
36 mcu_r5fss0_core0_memory_region: r5f-memory@a0100000 {
42 mcu_r5fss0_core1_dma_memory_region: r5f-dma-memory@a1000000 {
48 mcu_r5fss0_core1_memory_region: r5f-memory@a1100000 {
54 main_r5fss0_core0_dma_memory_region: r5f-dma-memory@a2000000 {
60 main_r5fss0_core0_memory_region: r5f-memory@a2100000 {
66 main_r5fss0_core1_dma_memory_region: r5f-dma-memory
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/linux/Documentation/driver-api/cxl/platform/
H A Dbios-and-efi.rst19 * BIOS/EFI create the system memory map (EFI Memory Map, E820, etc)
24 static memory map configuration. More detail on these tables can be found
29 on physical memory region size and alignment, memory holes, HDM interleave,
39 When this is enabled, this bit tells linux to defer management of a memory
40 region to a driver (in this case, the CXL driver). Otherwise, the memory is
41 treated as "normal memory", and is exposed to the page allocator during
78 As of Linux v6.14, the hotplug memory system requires memory regions to be
79 uniform in size and alignment. While the CXL specification allows for memory
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/linux/tools/testing/memblock/tests/
H A Dbasic_api.c17 ASSERT_NE(memblock.memory.regions, NULL); in memblock_initialization_check()
18 ASSERT_EQ(memblock.memory.cnt, 0); in memblock_initialization_check()
19 ASSERT_EQ(memblock.memory.max, EXPECTED_MEMBLOCK_REGIONS); in memblock_initialization_check()
20 ASSERT_EQ(strcmp(memblock.memory.name, "memory"), 0); in memblock_initialization_check()
24 ASSERT_EQ(memblock.memory.max, EXPECTED_MEMBLOCK_REGIONS); in memblock_initialization_check()
36 * A simple test that adds a memory block of a specified base address
37 * and size to the collection of available memory regions (memblock.memory).
38 * Expect to create a new entry. The region counter and total memory ge
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