xref: /linux/Documentation/driver-api/serial/driver.rst (revision 91e60731dd605c5d6bab8b9ccac886da1780d5ca)
1====================
2Low Level Serial API
3====================
4
5
6This document is meant as a brief overview of some aspects of the new serial
7driver.  It is not complete, any questions you have should be directed to
8<rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
9
10The reference implementation is contained within amba-pl011.c.
11
12
13
14Low Level Serial Hardware Driver
15--------------------------------
16
17The low level serial hardware driver is responsible for supplying port
18information (defined by uart_port) and a set of control methods (defined
19by uart_ops) to the core serial driver.  The low level driver is also
20responsible for handling interrupts for the port, and providing any
21console support.
22
23
24Console Support
25---------------
26
27The serial core provides a few helper functions.  This includes
28decoding command line arguments (uart_parse_options()).
29
30There is also a helper function (uart_console_write()) which performs a
31character by character write, translating newlines to CRLF sequences.
32Driver writers are recommended to use this function rather than implementing
33their own version.
34
35
36Locking
37-------
38
39It is the responsibility of the low level hardware driver to perform the
40necessary locking using port->lock.  There are some exceptions (which
41are described in the struct uart_ops listing below.)
42
43There are two locks.  A per-port spinlock, and an overall semaphore.
44
45From the core driver perspective, the port->lock locks the following
46data::
47
48	port->mctrl
49	port->icount
50	port->state->xmit.head (circ_buf->head)
51	port->state->xmit.tail (circ_buf->tail)
52
53The low level driver is free to use this lock to provide any additional
54locking.
55
56The port_sem semaphore is used to protect against ports being added/
57removed or reconfigured at inappropriate times. Since v2.6.27, this
58semaphore has been the 'mutex' member of the tty_port struct, and
59commonly referred to as the port mutex.
60
61
62uart_ops
63--------
64
65.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/serial_core.h
66   :identifiers: uart_ops
67
68Other functions
69---------------
70
71.. kernel-doc:: drivers/tty/serial/serial_core.c
72   :identifiers: uart_update_timeout uart_get_baud_rate uart_get_divisor
73           uart_match_port uart_write_wakeup uart_register_driver
74           uart_unregister_driver uart_suspend_port uart_resume_port
75           uart_add_one_port uart_remove_one_port uart_console_write
76           uart_parse_earlycon uart_parse_options uart_set_options
77           uart_get_lsr_info uart_handle_dcd_change uart_handle_cts_change
78           uart_try_toggle_sysrq
79
80.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/serial_core.h
81   :identifiers: uart_port_tx_limited uart_port_tx
82
83Other notes
84-----------
85
86It is intended some day to drop the 'unused' entries from uart_port, and
87allow low level drivers to register their own individual uart_port's with
88the core.  This will allow drivers to use uart_port as a pointer to a
89structure containing both the uart_port entry with their own extensions,
90thus::
91
92	struct my_port {
93		struct uart_port	port;
94		int			my_stuff;
95	};
96
97Modem control lines via GPIO
98----------------------------
99
100Some helpers are provided in order to set/get modem control lines via GPIO.
101
102.. kernel-doc:: drivers/tty/serial/serial_mctrl_gpio.c
103   :identifiers: mctrl_gpio_init mctrl_gpio_to_gpiod
104           mctrl_gpio_set mctrl_gpio_get mctrl_gpio_enable_ms
105           mctrl_gpio_disable_ms_sync mctrl_gpio_disable_ms_no_sync
106