1
2		Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
3		==========================================
4			    Configuration guide
5
6
7Kernel Configuration
8====================
9
10To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
11primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
12you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
13
14Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
15PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
16
17If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
18SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
19(CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).
20
21To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
22and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
23too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
24
25Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
26(if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
27using isapnptools.
28
29
30Creating ALSA devices
31=====================
32
33This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
34script to create the necessary device nodes.  On some systems you use a
35script named 'snddevices'.
36
37
38Module parameters
39=================
40
41The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
42one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
43specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
44
45Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
46
47  Module snd
48  ----------
49
50    The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
51    It takes the following options which have global effects.
52
53    major	- major number for sound driver
54		- Default: 116
55    cards_limit
56		- limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
57		- Default: 1
58		- For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
59		  option together with snd-card-X aliases.
60    slots	- Reserve the slot index for the given driver.
61		  This option takes multiple strings.
62		  See "Module Autoloading Support" section for details.
63    debug	- Specifies the debug message level
64		  (0 = disable debug prints, 1 = normal debug messages,
65		   2 = verbose debug messages)
66		  This option appears only when CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y.
67		  This option can be dynamically changed via sysfs
68		  /sys/modules/snd/parameters/debug file.
69
70  Module snd-pcm-oss
71  ------------------
72
73    The PCM OSS emulation module.
74    This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
75
76    dsp_map	- PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
77		- Default: 0
78    adsp_map	- PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
79		- Default: 1
80    nonblock_open
81		- Don't block opening busy PCM devices.  Default: 1
82
83    For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
84    the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
85    to PCM #0 of the card #0.
86    For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
87    commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".
88
89    nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
90    regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
91    opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
92    immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
93
94  Module snd-rawmidi
95  ------------------
96
97    This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
98    similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
99
100    midi_map	- MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
101		- Default: 0
102    amidi_map	- MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
103		- Default: 1
104
105  Common parameters for top sound card modules
106  --------------------------------------------
107
108    Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
109
110    index	- index (slot #) of sound card
111		- Values: 0 through 31 or negative
112		- If nonnegative, assign that index number
113                - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
114		  indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
115		- Default: -1
116    id		- card ID (identifier or name)
117		- Can be up to 15 characters long
118		- Default: the card type
119		- A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
120		  containing information about the card
121		- This ID can be used instead of the index number in
122		  identifying the card
123    enable  	- enable card
124		- Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
125
126  Module snd-adlib
127  ----------------
128
129    Module for AdLib FM cards.
130
131    port	- port # for OPL chip
132
133    This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
134    the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
135    Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
136    synthesis.
137
138    Make sure you have "sbiload" from the alsa-tools package available and,
139    after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
140    number through "sbiload -l". Example output:
141
142      Port     Client name                       Port name
143      64:0     OPL2 FM synth                     OPL2 FM Port
144
145    Load the std.sb and drums.sb patches also supplied by sbiload:
146
147      sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
148
149    If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use std.o3 and drums.o3
150    instead. To have the card produce sound, use aplaymidi from alsa-utils:
151
152      aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
153
154  Module snd-ad1816a
155  ------------------
156
157    Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
158
159    clockfreq   - Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
160
161    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
162
163  Module snd-ad1848
164  -----------------
165
166    Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
167
168    port	- port # for AD1848 chip
169    irq		- IRQ # for AD1848  chip
170    dma1	- DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
171
172    This module supports multiple cards.  It does not support autoprobe
173    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
174
175    The power-management is supported.
176
177  Module snd-ad1889
178  -----------------
179
180    Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
181
182    ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
183                  See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
184
185    This module supports multiple cards.
186
187  Module snd-ali5451
188  ------------------
189
190    Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
191
192    pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
193    spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O
194    		    - Default: disabled
195
196    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
197
198    The power-management is supported.
199
200  Module snd-als100
201  -----------------
202
203    Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
204
205    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
206
207    The power-management is supported.
208
209  Module snd-als300
210  -----------------
211
212    Module for  Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
213
214    This module supports multiple cards.
215
216    The power-management is supported.
217
218  Module snd-als4000
219  ------------------
220
221    Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
222
223    joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
224                    0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
225
226    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
227
228    The power-management is supported.
229
230  Module snd-asihpi
231  -----------------
232
233    Module for AudioScience ASI soundcards
234
235    enable_hpi_hwdep	- enable HPI hwdep for AudioScience soundcard
236
237    This module supports multiple cards.
238    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
239
240  Module snd-atiixp
241  -----------------
242
243    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
244
245    ac97_clock		- AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
246    ac97_quirk		- AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
247			  See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
248    ac97_codec		- Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec
249			  instead of probing.  If this works for you
250			  file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output.
251			  -2  -- Force probing.
252			  -1  -- Default behavior.
253			  0-2 -- Use the specified codec.
254    spdif_aclink	- S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
255
256    This module supports one card and autoprobe.
257
258    ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output.  One is
259    over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output.  The
260    implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
261    choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
262
263    The power-management is supported.
264
265  Module snd-atiixp-modem
266  -----------------------
267
268    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
269
270    This module supports one card and autoprobe.
271
272    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
273          slot is excluded.
274
275    The power-management is supported.
276
277  Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
278  -----------------------------------------
279
280    Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
281
282    pcifix	- Control PCI workarounds
283		  0 = Disable all workarounds
284		  1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
285		  2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
286		      Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
287		  3 = Force both settings
288		  255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
289
290    This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
291    EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
292    Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
293    http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
294    SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
295    "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
296    The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
297    Advantage.
298
299    Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
300           control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
301           another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
302
303  Module snd-azt1605
304  ------------------
305
306    Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT1605
307    chipset.
308
309    port	- port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
310    wss_port	- port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
311    irq		- IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
312    dma1	- DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
313    dma2	- DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
314    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
315    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (3,5,7,9), -1 = disabled (default)
316    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
317
318    This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe: port,
319    wss_port, irq and dma1 have to be specified. The other values are
320    optional.
321
322    "port" needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
323    or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
324    their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
325    be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
326
327    If dma2 is specified and different from dma1, the card will operate in
328    full-duplex mode. When dma1=3, only dma2=0 is valid and the only way to
329    enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
330
331    Generic settings are "port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
332    mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388".
333
334    Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
335    legacy ISA in your BIOS.
336
337  Module snd-azt2316
338  ------------------
339
340    Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy soundcards based on the Aztech AZT2316
341    chipset.
342
343    port	- port # for BASE (0x220,0x240,0x260,0x280)
344    wss_port	- port # for WSS (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
345    irq		- IRQ # for WSS (7,9,10,11)
346    dma1	- DMA # for WSS playback (0,1,3)
347    dma2	- DMA # for WSS capture (0,1), -1 = disabled (default)
348    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disabled (default)
349    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10), -1 = disabled (default)
350    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 (0x388), -1 = disabled (default)
351
352    This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe: port,
353    wss_port, irq and dma1 have to be specified. The other values are
354    optional.
355
356    "port" needs to match the BASE ADDRESS jumper on the card (0x220 or 0x240)
357    or the value stored in the card's EEPROM for cards that have an EEPROM and
358    their "CONFIG MODE" jumper set to "EEPROM SETTING". The other values can
359    be chosen freely from the options enumerated above.
360
361    If dma2 is specified and different from dma1, the card will operate in
362    full-duplex mode. When dma1=3, only dma2=0 is valid and the only way to
363    enable capture since only channels 0 and 1 are available for capture.
364
365    Generic settings are "port=0x220 wss_port=0x530 irq=10 dma1=1 dma2=0
366    mpu_port=0x330 mpu_irq=9 fm_port=0x388".
367
368    Whatever IRQ and DMA channels you pick, be sure to reserve them for
369    legacy ISA in your BIOS.
370
371  Module snd-aw2
372  --------------
373
374    Module for Audiowerk2 sound card
375
376    This module supports multiple cards.
377
378  Module snd-azt2320
379  ------------------
380
381    Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
382
383    This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
384
385    The power-management is supported.
386
387  Module snd-azt3328
388  ------------------
389
390    Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
391
392    joystick	- Enable joystick (default off)
393
394    This module supports multiple cards.
395
396  Module snd-bt87x
397  ----------------
398
399    Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
400
401    digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
402    load_all	- Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
403
404    This module supports multiple cards.
405
406    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
407          slot is excluded.
408
409  Module snd-ca0106
410  -----------------
411
412    Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
413
414    This module supports multiple cards.
415
416
417  Module snd-cmi8330
418  ------------------
419
420    Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
421
422    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
423
424    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
425
426    wssport	- port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
427    wssirq	- IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
428    wssdma	- first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
429    sbport	- port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
430    sbirq	- IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
431    sbdma8	- 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
432    sbdma16	- 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
433    fmport	- (optional) OPL3 I/O port
434    mpuport	- (optional) MPU401 I/O port
435    mpuirq	- (optional) MPU401 irq #
436
437    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
438
439    The power-management is supported.
440
441  Module snd-cmipci
442  -----------------
443
444    Module for C-Media CMI8338/8738/8768/8770 PCI sound cards.
445
446    mpu_port    - port address of MIDI interface (8338 only):
447		  0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
448		  0 = disable (default)
449    fm_port     - port address of OPL-3 FM synthesizer (8x38 only):
450		  0x388 = legacy port,
451		  1 = integrated PCI port (default on 8738),
452		  0 = disable
453    soft_ac3    - Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
454                  (default = 1)
455    joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
456
457    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
458
459    The power-management is supported.
460
461  Module snd-cs4231
462  -----------------
463
464    Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
465
466    port	- port # for CS4231 chip
467    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
468    irq		- IRQ # for CS4231 chip
469    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
470    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4231 chip
471    dma2	- second DMA # for CS4231 chip
472
473    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
474    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
475
476    The power-management is supported.
477
478  Module snd-cs4236
479  -----------------
480
481    Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A,
482    	       	     	   	   CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
483                                   CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
484
485    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
486
487    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
488
489    port	- port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
490    cport	- control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
491    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
492    fm_port	- FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
493    irq		- IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
494    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
495    dma1	- first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
496    dma2	- second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
497
498    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
499    (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
500    specified!!! Other ports are optional.
501
502    The power-management is supported.
503
504    This module is aliased as snd-cs4232 since it provides the old
505    snd-cs4232 functionality, too.
506
507  Module snd-cs4281
508  -----------------
509
510    Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
511
512    dual_codec	- Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
513
514    This module supports multiple cards.
515
516    The power-management is supported.
517
518  Module snd-cs46xx
519  -----------------
520
521    Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
522				       CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
523
524    external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifier.
525    thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
526    mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
527
528    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
529    Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
530    from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
531    above explicitly.
532
533    The power-management is supported.
534
535  Module snd-cs5530
536  _________________
537
538    Module for Cyrix/NatSemi Geode 5530 chip.
539
540  Module snd-cs5535audio
541  ----------------------
542
543    Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
544
545    The power-management is supported.
546
547  Module snd-ctxfi
548  ----------------
549
550    Module for Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi boards (20k1 / 20k2 chips)
551	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Champion Series
552	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Fatal1ty Professional Series
553	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium Professional Audio
554	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Titanium
555	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Elite Pro
556	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Platinum
557	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi Fatal1ty
558	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeGamer
559	* Creative Sound Blaster X-Fi XtremeMusic
560
561    reference_rate	- reference sample rate, 44100 or 48000 (default)
562    multiple		- multiple to ref. sample rate, 1 or 2 (default)
563    subsystem		- override the PCI SSID for probing; the value
564			  consists of SSVID << 16 | SSDID.  The default is
565			  zero, which means no override.
566
567    This module supports multiple cards.
568
569  Module snd-darla20
570  ------------------
571
572    Module for Echoaudio Darla20
573
574    This module supports multiple cards.
575    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
576
577  Module snd-darla24
578  ------------------
579
580    Module for Echoaudio Darla24
581
582    This module supports multiple cards.
583    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
584
585  Module snd-dt019x
586  -----------------
587
588    Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
589    only)
590
591    This module supports multiple cards.  This module is enabled only with
592    ISA PnP support.
593
594    The power-management is supported.
595
596  Module snd-dummy
597  ----------------
598
599    Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
600    or input, but you may use this module for any application which
601    requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
602
603    pcm_devs       - Number of PCM devices assigned to each card
604                     (default = 1, up to 4)
605    pcm_substreams - Number of PCM substreams assigned to each PCM
606                     (default = 8, up to 128)
607    hrtimer        - Use hrtimer (=1, default) or system timer (=0)
608    fake_buffer    - Fake buffer allocations (default = 1)
609
610    When multiple PCM devices are created, snd-dummy gives different
611    behavior to each PCM device:
612      0 = interleaved with mmap support
613      1 = non-interleaved with mmap support
614      2 = interleaved without mmap
615      3 = non-interleaved without mmap
616
617    As default, snd-dummy drivers doesn't allocate the real buffers
618    but either ignores read/write or mmap a single dummy page to all
619    buffer pages, in order to save the resouces.  If your apps need
620    the read/ written buffer data to be consistent, pass fake_buffer=0
621    option.
622
623    The power-management is supported.
624
625  Module snd-echo3g
626  -----------------
627
628    Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
629
630    This module supports multiple cards.
631    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
632
633  Module snd-emu10k1
634  ------------------
635
636    Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
637			* Sound Blaster Live!
638			* Sound Blaster PCI 512
639			* Emu APS (partially supported)
640			* Sound Blaster Audigy
641
642    extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
643    extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
644    seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
645    max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
646    max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
647                       given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
648    enable_ir - enable IR
649
650    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
651
652    Input & Output configurations 			[extin/extout]
653	* Creative Card wo/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f03]
654	* Creative Card w/Digital out			[0x0003/0x1f0f]
655	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in			[0x000f/0x1f0f]
656	* Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
657	* Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
658	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive	[0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
659	* Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
660	* Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
661	* Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2	[0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
662        * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive	[0x3fc3/0x1fff]
663	* Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003			[0x3fc3/0x7cff]
664        * Creative Card all ins and outs		[0x3fff/0x7fff]
665
666    The power-management is supported.
667
668  Module snd-emu10k1x
669  -------------------
670
671    Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
672
673    This module supports multiple cards.
674
675  Module snd-ens1370
676  ------------------
677
678    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
679			* SoundBlaster PCI 64
680			* SoundBlaster PCI 128
681
682    joystick		- Enable joystick (default off)
683
684    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
685
686    The power-management is supported.
687
688  Module snd-ens1371
689  ------------------
690
691    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
692			* SoundBlaster PCI 64
693			* SoundBlaster PCI 128
694			* SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
695
696    joystick_port	- port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
697			  0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect
698
699    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
700
701    The power-management is supported.
702
703  Module snd-es1688
704  -----------------
705
706    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
707
708    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
709    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
710    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
711    fm_port	- port # for OPL3 (option; share the same port as default)
712
713    with isapnp=0, the following additional options are available:
714    port	- port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
715    irq		- IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
716    dma8	- DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
717
718    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port)
719    and PnP with the ES968 chip.
720
721  Module snd-es18xx
722  -----------------
723
724    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
725
726    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
727
728    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
729
730    port	- port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
731    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
732    fm_port	- port # for FM (optional, not used)
733    irq		- IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
734    dma1	- first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
735    dma2	- first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
736
737    This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
738    port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
739    When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.
740
741    The power-management is supported.
742
743  Module snd-es1938
744  -----------------
745
746    Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
747
748    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
749
750    The power-management is supported.
751
752  Module snd-es1968
753  -----------------
754
755    Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
756
757    total_bufsize	- total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
758    pcm_substreams_p	- playback channels (1-8, default=2)
759    pcm_substreams_c	- capture channels (1-8, default=0)
760    clock		- clock (0 = auto-detection)
761    use_pm		- support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
762			  2 = auto (default))
763    enable_mpu		- enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
764    joystick		- enable joystick (default off)
765
766    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
767
768    The power-management is supported.
769
770  Module snd-fm801
771  ----------------
772
773    Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
774
775    tea575x_tuner       - Enable TEA575x tuner
776                          - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
777                          - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
778                          - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
779                          - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
780                          - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
781
782    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
783
784    The power-management is supported.
785
786  Module snd-gina20
787  -----------------
788
789    Module for Echoaudio Gina20
790
791    This module supports multiple cards.
792    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
793
794  Module snd-gina24
795  -----------------
796
797    Module for Echoaudio Gina24
798
799    This module supports multiple cards.
800    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
801
802  Module snd-gusclassic
803  ---------------------
804
805    Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
806
807    port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
808    irq		- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
809    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
810    dma2	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
811    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
812    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
813    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices
814
815    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
816
817  Module snd-gusextreme
818  ---------------------
819
820    Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
821
822    port	- port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
823    gf1_port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
824    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
825    irq		- IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
826    gf1_irq	- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
827    mpu_irq	- IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
828    dma8	- DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
829    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
830    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
831    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
832    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices
833
834    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
835
836  Module snd-gusmax
837  -----------------
838
839    Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
840
841    port	- port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
842    irq		- IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
843    dma1	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
844    dma2	- DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
845    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
846    voices	- GF1 voices limit (14-32)
847    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices
848
849    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
850
851  Module snd-hda-intel
852  --------------------
853
854    Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, ICH10,
855			PCH, SCH),
856		ATI SB450, SB600, R600, RS600, RS690, RS780, RV610, RV620,
857			RV630, RV635, RV670, RV770,
858		VIA VT8251/VT8237A,
859		SIS966, ULI M5461
860
861    [Multiple options for each card instance]
862    model	- force the model name
863    position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = use LPIB, 2 = POSBUF)
864    probe_mask  - Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1, meaning all slots)
865    		  When the bit 8 (0x100) is set, the lower 8 bits are used
866		  as the "fixed" codec slots; i.e. the driver probes the
867		  slots regardless what hardware reports back
868    probe_only	- Only probing and no codec initialization (default=off);
869		  Useful to check the initial codec status for debugging
870    bdl_pos_adj	- Specifies the DMA IRQ timing delay in samples.
871		Passing -1 will make the driver to choose the appropriate
872		value based on the controller chip.
873    patch	- Specifies the early "patch" files to modify the HD-audio
874    		setup before initializing the codecs.  This option is
875		available only when CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y is set.
876		See HD-Audio.txt for details.
877    beep_mode	- Selects the beep registration mode (0=off, 1=on, 2=
878		dynamic registration via mute switch on/off); the default
879		value is set via CONFIG_SND_HDA_INPUT_BEEP_MODE kconfig.
880
881    [Single (global) options]
882    single_cmd  - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
883		codecs (for debugging only)
884    enable_msi	- Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI) (default = off)
885    power_save	- Automatic power-saving timeout (in second, 0 =
886		disable)
887    power_save_controller - Reset HD-audio controller in power-saving mode
888		(default = on)
889    align_buffer_size - Force rounding of buffer/period sizes to multiples
890    		      of 128 bytes. This is more efficient in terms of memory
891		      access but isn't required by the HDA spec and prevents
892		      users from specifying exact period/buffer sizes.
893		      (default = on)
894    snoop	- Enable/disable snooping (default = on)
895
896    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
897
898    See Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt for more details about
899    HD-audio driver.
900
901    Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
902    If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
903    configuration is set up.  You can pass "model=<name>" option to
904    specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
905    models depending on the codec chip.  The list of available models
906    is found in HD-Audio-Models.txt
907
908    The model name "genric" is treated as a special case.  When this
909    model is given, the driver uses the generic codec parser without
910    "codec-patch".  It's sometimes good for testing and debugging.
911
912    If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
913    matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh
914    output (with --no-upload option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel
915    ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").
916
917    power_save and power_save_controller options are for power-saving
918    mode.  See powersave.txt for details.
919
920    Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
921	    position_fix=1 or 2.  position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
922	    register value without FIFO size correction as the current
923	    DMA pointer.  position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
924	    the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
925	    (Usually SD_LPIB register is more accurate than the
926	    position buffer.)
927
928    NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
929    loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
930    routing).  Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi".  Also, you
931    can try "single_cmd=1" module option.  This will switch the
932    communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
933    single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB.  Basically, the
934    single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
935    unsolicited events, too.  But, at least, this works independently
936    from the irq.  Remember this is a last resort, and should be
937    avoided as much as possible...
938
939    MORE NOTES ON "azx_get_response timeout" PROBLEMS:
940    On some hardwares, you may need to add a proper probe_mask option
941    to avoid the "azx_get_response timeout" problem above, instead.
942    This occurs when the access to non-existing or non-working codec slot
943    (likely a modem one) causes a stall of the communication via HD-audio
944    bus.  You can see which codec slots are probed by enabling
945    CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE, or simply from the file name of the codec
946    proc files.  Then limit the slots to probe by probe_mask option.
947    For example, probe_mask=1 means to probe only the first slot, and
948    probe_mask=4 means only the third slot.
949
950    The power-management is supported.
951
952  Module snd-hdsp
953  ---------------
954
955    Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
956
957    This module supports multiple cards.
958
959    Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
960          when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
961          the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
962          package.
963          The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
964
965    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
966          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
967          when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
968          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
969          stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
970	  section.
971
972  Module snd-hdspm
973  ----------------
974
975    Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
976
977    precise_ptr		- Enable precise pointer, or disable.
978    line_outs_monitor	- Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
979    enable_monitor	- Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
980
981    See hdspm.txt for details.
982
983  Module snd-ice1712
984  ------------------
985
986    Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
987			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
988			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
989			* MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
990			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
991			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
992			* MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
993			* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
994                        * TerraTec EWS 88MT
995                        * TerraTec EWS 88D
996                        * TerraTec EWX 24/96
997                        * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
998			* TerraTec Phase 88
999                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
1000                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
1001                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
1002			* Event Electronics, EZ8
1003                        * Digigram VX442
1004			* Lionstracs, Mediastaton
1005			* Terrasoniq TS 88
1006
1007    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
1008		  delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
1009		  delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
1010		  dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
1011		  phase88, mediastation
1012    omni	- Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
1013    cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transceiver)
1014                     in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
1015
1016    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
1017    is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
1018    serie).
1019
1020    Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1021	  SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1022	  model by passing "model" module option in case that the
1023	  driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1024	  type for testing.
1025
1026  Module snd-ice1724
1027  ------------------
1028
1029    Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
1030			* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
1031			* MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
1032			* MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192
1033			* AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
1034			* TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
1035			* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
1036			* TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
1037			* TerraTec Phase 22
1038			* TerraTec Phase 28
1039			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
1040			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 LT
1041			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 XT
1042			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HIFI
1043			* AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1 HD2
1044			* AudioTrak Prodigy 192
1045			* Pontis MS300
1046			* Albatron K8X800 Pro II
1047			* Chaintech ZNF3-150
1048			* Chaintech ZNF3-250
1049			* Chaintech 9CJS
1050			* Chaintech AV-710
1051			* Shuttle SN25P
1052			* Onkyo SE-90PCI
1053			* Onkyo SE-200PCI
1054			* ESI Juli@
1055			* ESI Maya44
1056			* Hercules Fortissimo IV
1057			* EGO-SYS WaveTerminal 192M
1058
1059    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
1060		  revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
1061		  prodigy71xt, prodigy71hifi, prodigyhd2, prodigy192,
1062		  juli, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800,
1063		  phase22, phase28, ms300, av710, se200pci, se90pci,
1064		  fortissimo4, sn25p, WT192M, maya44
1065
1066    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1067
1068    Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1069	  SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1070	  model by passing "model" module option in case that the
1071	  driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1072	  type for testing.
1073
1074  Module snd-indigo
1075  -----------------
1076
1077    Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1078
1079    This module supports multiple cards.
1080    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1081
1082  Module snd-indigodj
1083  -------------------
1084
1085    Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1086
1087    This module supports multiple cards.
1088    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1089
1090  Module snd-indigoio
1091  -------------------
1092
1093    Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1094
1095    This module supports multiple cards.
1096    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1097
1098  Module snd-intel8x0
1099  -------------------
1100
1101    Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1102			* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1103				ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, 6300ESB, ESB2
1104			* SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1105			* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804
1106				 CK8, CK8S, MCP501
1107			* AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1108			* ALi m5455
1109
1110    ac97_clock	  - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1111    ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1112		    See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1113    buggy_irq     - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
1114                    motherboards (default yes on nForce chips,
1115		    otherwise off)
1116    buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardwares with buggy
1117		    semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops)
1118		    (default off)
1119    spdif_aclink  - Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection
1120		    from the controller chip
1121		    (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default)
1122
1123    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1124
1125    Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1126    if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1127    explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".
1128
1129    Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
1130    motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1131    modules, respectively.
1132
1133    The power-management is supported.
1134
1135  Module snd-intel8x0m
1136  --------------------
1137
1138    Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1139			* Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1140				ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
1141			* SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1142			* NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1143			* AMD AMD8111
1144			* ALi m5455
1145
1146    ac97_clock	  - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1147
1148    This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1149
1150    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1151          slot is excluded.
1152
1153    The power-management is supported.
1154
1155  Module snd-interwave
1156  --------------------
1157
1158    Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1159    and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1160
1161    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1162    midi	- 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1163    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1164    effect	- 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1165                  requires 8 voices
1166    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1167
1168    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1169
1170    port	- port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1171    irq		- IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1172    dma1	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1173    dma2	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1174
1175    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1176
1177  Module snd-interwave-stb
1178  ------------------------
1179
1180    Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1181    and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1182    circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1183
1184    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1185    midi	- 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1186    pcm_voices	- reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1187    effect	- 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1188                  requires 8 voices
1189    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1190
1191    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1192
1193    port	- port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1194    port_tc	- tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1195    irq		- IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1196    dma1	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1197    dma2	- DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1198
1199    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1200
1201  Module snd-jazz16
1202  -------------------
1203
1204    Module for Media Vision Jazz16 chipset. The chipset consists of 3 chips:
1205    MVD1216 + MVA416 + MVA514.
1206
1207    port	- port # for SB DSP chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1208    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP chip (3,5,7,9,10,15)
1209    dma8	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1210    dma16	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (5,7)
1211    mpu_port	- MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1212    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 irq # (2,3,5,7)
1213
1214    This module supports multiple cards.
1215
1216  Module snd-korg1212
1217  -------------------
1218
1219    Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1220
1221    This module supports multiple cards.
1222
1223  Module snd-layla20
1224  ------------------
1225
1226    Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1227
1228    This module supports multiple cards.
1229    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1230
1231  Module snd-layla24
1232  ------------------
1233
1234    Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1235
1236    This module supports multiple cards.
1237    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1238
1239  Module snd-lola
1240  ---------------
1241
1242    Module for Digigram Lola PCI-e boards
1243
1244    This module supports multiple cards.
1245
1246  Module snd-lx6464es
1247  -------------------
1248
1249    Module for Digigram LX6464ES boards
1250
1251    This module supports multiple cards.
1252
1253  Module snd-maestro3
1254  -------------------
1255
1256    Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1257
1258    external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
1259    amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
1260                       -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
1261                       others)
1262
1263    This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1264
1265    Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1266    If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1267    specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
1268    For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
1269    option.
1270
1271    The power-management is supported.
1272
1273  Module snd-mia
1274  ---------------
1275
1276    Module for Echoaudio Mia
1277
1278    This module supports multiple cards.
1279    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1280
1281  Module snd-miro
1282  ---------------
1283
1284    Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro,
1285				miroSOUND PCM 12,
1286				miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1287
1288    port	- Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1289    irq		- IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1290    dma1	- 1st dma # (0,1,3)
1291    dma2	- 2nd dma # (0,1)
1292    mpu_port	- MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1293    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1294    fm_port	- FM Port # (0x388)
1295    wss		- enable WSS mode
1296    ide		- enable onboard ide support
1297
1298  Module snd-mixart
1299  -----------------
1300
1301    Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1302
1303    This module supports multiple cards.
1304    Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1305          See MIXART.txt for details.
1306
1307    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1308    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1309    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1310    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1311    firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1312
1313  Module snd-mona
1314  ---------------
1315
1316    Module for Echoaudio Mona
1317
1318    This module supports multiple cards.
1319    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1320
1321  Module snd-mpu401
1322  -----------------
1323
1324    Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1325
1326    port	- port number or -1 (disable)
1327    irq		- IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1328    pnp		- PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1329
1330    This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1331
1332  Module snd-msnd-classic
1333  -----------------------
1334
1335    Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Classic, Tahiti or Monterey
1336    soundcards.
1337
1338    io		- Port # for msnd-classic card
1339    irq		- IRQ # for msnd-classic card
1340    mem		- Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000,
1341		  0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1342    write_ndelay - enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1343    calibrate_signal - calibrate signal (default = 0)
1344    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1345    digital	- Digital daughterboard present (default = 0)
1346    cfg		- Config port (0x250, 0x260 or 0x270) default = PnP
1347    reset	- Reset all devices
1348    mpu_io	- MPU401 I/O port
1349    mpu_irq	- MPU401 irq#
1350    ide_io0	- IDE port #0
1351    ide_io1	- IDE port #1
1352    ide_irq	- IDE irq#
1353    joystick_io	- Joystick I/O port
1354
1355    The driver requires firmware files "turtlebeach/msndinit.bin" and
1356    "turtlebeach/msndperm.bin" in the proper firmware directory.
1357
1358    See Documentation/sound/oss/MultiSound for important information
1359    about this driver.  Note that it has been discontinued, but the
1360    Voyetra Turtle Beach knowledge base entry for it is still available
1361    at
1362	http://www.turtlebeach.com
1363
1364  Module snd-msnd-pinnacle
1365  ------------------------
1366
1367    Module for Turtle Beach MultiSound Pinnacle/Fiji soundcards.
1368
1369    io		- Port # for pinnacle/fiji card
1370    irq		- IRQ # for pinnalce/fiji card
1371    mem		- Memory address (0xb0000, 0xc8000, 0xd0000, 0xd8000,
1372		  0xe0000 or 0xe8000)
1373    write_ndelay - enable write ndelay (default = 1)
1374    calibrate_signal - calibrate signal (default = 0)
1375    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1376
1377    The driver requires firmware files "turtlebeach/pndspini.bin" and
1378    "turtlebeach/pndsperm.bin" in the proper firmware directory.
1379
1380  Module snd-mtpav
1381  ----------------
1382
1383    Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1384    port).
1385
1386    port	- I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1387    irq		- IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1388    hwports	- number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1389
1390    Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.
1391
1392  Module snd-mts64
1393  ----------------
1394
1395    Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1396
1397    This module supports multiple devices.
1398    Requires parport (CONFIG_PARPORT).
1399
1400  Module snd-nm256
1401  ----------------
1402
1403    Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1404
1405    playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1406    capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1407    force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1408    buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
1409    use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1410    vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1411    reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1412    reset_workaround2 - enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some
1413		      other laptops
1414
1415    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1416
1417    The power-management is supported.
1418
1419    Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1420    automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1421    In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicitly via
1422    the buffer_top option.
1423    For example,
1424      Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1425      Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1426    The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
1427    to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
1428    case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1429    works!
1430
1431    Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1432    codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1433    with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1434    even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
1435    other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
1436    but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to specify isapnp=0
1437    and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1438
1439    Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
1440    known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1441    workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
1442    hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.
1443
1444    Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1445    AC97 RESET.  On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1446    turned on as default.  This option is worth to try if the
1447    previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1448
1449    Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
1450    OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1451    The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1452    X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
1453    the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
1454    you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1455    problem.
1456
1457  Module snd-opl3sa2
1458  ------------------
1459
1460    Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1461
1462    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1463
1464    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1465
1466    port	- control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1467    sb_port	- SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1468    wss_port	- WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1469    midi_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1470    fm_port	- FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1471    irq		- IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1472    dma1	- first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1473    dma2	- second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1474
1475    This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.  It does not support
1476    autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1477
1478    The power-management is supported.
1479
1480  Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1481  -------------------------
1482
1483    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1484    Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1485
1486    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1487
1488    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1489
1490    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1491    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1492    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1493    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1494    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1495    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1496
1497    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1498
1499  Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1500  -------------------------
1501
1502    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1503
1504    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1505
1506    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1507
1508    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1509    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1510    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1511    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1512    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1513    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1514    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1515
1516    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1517
1518  Module snd-opti93x
1519  ------------------
1520
1521    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1522
1523    isapnp    - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1524
1525    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1526
1527    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1528    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1529    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1530    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1531    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1532    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1533    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1534
1535    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1536
1537  Module snd-oxygen
1538  -----------------
1539
1540    Module for sound cards based on the C-Media CMI8786/8787/8788 chip:
1541    * Asound A-8788
1542    * Asus Xonar DG
1543    * AuzenTech X-Meridian
1544    * AuzenTech X-Meridian 2G
1545    * Bgears b-Enspirer
1546    * Club3D Theatron DTS
1547    * HT-Omega Claro (plus)
1548    * HT-Omega Claro halo (XT)
1549    * Kuroutoshikou CMI8787-HG2PCI
1550    * Razer Barracuda AC-1
1551    * Sondigo Inferno
1552    * TempoTec HiFier Fantasia
1553    * TempoTec HiFier Serenade
1554
1555    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
1556
1557  Module snd-pcsp
1558  -----------------
1559
1560    Module for internal PC-Speaker.
1561
1562    nopcm	- Disable PC-Speaker PCM sound. Only beeps remain.
1563    nforce_wa	- enable NForce chipset workaround. Expect bad sound.
1564
1565    This module supports system beeps, some kind of PCM playback and
1566    even a few mixer controls.
1567
1568  Module snd-pcxhr
1569  ----------------
1570
1571    Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1572
1573    This module supports multiple cards.
1574
1575  Module snd-portman2x4
1576  ---------------------
1577
1578    Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface
1579
1580    This module supports multiple cards.
1581
1582  Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1583  ---------------------------------
1584
1585    Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1586
1587    enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1588
1589    Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1590
1591    Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
1592
1593    The power-management is supported.
1594
1595  Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1596  ------------------------------------
1597
1598    Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1599
1600    For ARM architecture only.
1601
1602    The power-management is supported.
1603
1604  Module snd-riptide
1605  ------------------
1606
1607    Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1608
1609      joystick_port	- Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1610      mpu_port		- MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1611      opl3_port		- OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1612
1613    This module supports multiple cards.
1614    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1615    You need to install the firmware file "riptide.hex" to the standard
1616    firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1617
1618  Module snd-rme32
1619  ----------------
1620
1621    Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
1622    Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1623
1624    This module supports multiple cards.
1625
1626  Module snd-rme96
1627  ----------------
1628
1629    Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1630
1631    This module supports multiple cards.
1632
1633  Module snd-rme9652
1634  ------------------
1635
1636    Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1637
1638    precise_ptr	- Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
1639		  (default = 0)
1640
1641    This module supports multiple cards.
1642
1643    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1644          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
1645          when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
1646          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1647          stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
1648	  section.
1649
1650  Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1651  ---------------------------------------
1652
1653    Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1654
1655    Module supports only one card.
1656    Module has no enable and index options.
1657
1658    The power-management is supported.
1659
1660  Module snd-sb8
1661  --------------
1662
1663    Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
1664					 SoundBlaster 2.0,
1665					 SoundBlaster Pro
1666
1667    port	- port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1668    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1669    dma8	- DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1670
1671    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1672
1673    The power-management is supported.
1674
1675  Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1676  -----------------------------
1677
1678    Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1679					  SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
1680					  SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1681
1682    mic_agc	- Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1683    csp		- ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1684    isapnp	- ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1685
1686    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1687
1688    port	- port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1689    mpu_port	- port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1690    awe_port	- base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
1691                   (snd-sbawe module only)
1692    irq		- IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
1693    dma8	- 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
1694    dma16	- 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
1695
1696    This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1697
1698    Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
1699          disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
1700          Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
1701          half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
1702          16-bit DMA channel.
1703
1704    The power-management is supported.
1705
1706  Module snd-sc6000
1707  -----------------
1708
1709    Module for Gallant SC-6000 soundcard and later models: SC-6600
1710    and SC-7000.
1711
1712    port	- Port # (0x220 or 0x240)
1713    mss_port	- MSS Port # (0x530 or 0xe80)
1714    irq		- IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1715    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 IRQ # (5,7,9,10) ,0 - no MPU-401 irq
1716    dma		- DMA # (1,3,0)
1717    joystick	- Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1718
1719    This module supports multiple cards.
1720
1721    This card is also known as Audio Excel DSP 16 or Zoltrix AV302.
1722
1723  Module snd-sscape
1724  -----------------
1725
1726    Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape cards.
1727
1728    port	- Port # (PnP setup)
1729    wss_port	- WSS Port # (PnP setup)
1730    irq		- IRQ # (PnP setup)
1731    mpu_irq	- MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
1732    dma		- DMA # (PnP setup)
1733    dma2	- 2nd DMA # (PnP setup, -1 to disable)
1734    joystick	- Enable gameport - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1735
1736    This module supports multiple cards.
1737
1738    The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1739
1740  Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
1741  --------------------------------------
1742
1743    Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1744
1745    This module supports multiple cards.
1746
1747  Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
1748  -------------------------------------
1749
1750    Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1751
1752    This module supports multiple cards.
1753
1754  Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
1755  -----------------------------------
1756
1757    Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
1758
1759    This module supports multiple cards.
1760
1761  Module snd-wavefront
1762  --------------------
1763
1764    Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
1765
1766    use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
1767                      (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
1768    isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1769
1770    with isapnp=0, the following options are available:
1771
1772    cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1773    cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
1774    cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
1775    cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
1776    ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
1777    ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
1778    fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
1779    dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1780    dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1781
1782    The below are options for wavefront_synth features:
1783    wf_raw	    - Assume that we need to boot the OS (default:no)
1784	If yes, then during driver loading, the state of the board is
1785	ignored, and we reset the board and load the firmware anyway.
1786    fx_raw	    - Assume that the FX process needs help (default:yes)
1787	If false, we'll leave the FX processor in whatever state it is
1788	when the driver is loaded.  The default is to download the
1789	microprogram and associated coefficients to set it up for
1790	"default" operation, whatever that means.
1791    debug_default   - Debug parameters for card initialization
1792    wait_usecs	    - How long to wait without sleeping, usecs
1793		      (default:150)
1794	This magic number seems to give pretty optimal throughput
1795	based on my limited experimentation.
1796	If you want to play around with it and find a better value, be
1797	my guest. Remember, the idea is to get a number that causes us
1798	to just busy wait for as many WaveFront commands as possible,
1799	without coming up with a number so large that we hog the whole
1800	CPU.
1801	Specifically, with this number, out of about 134,000 status
1802	waits, only about 250 result in a sleep.
1803    sleep_interval  - How long to sleep when waiting for reply
1804		      (default: 100)
1805    sleep_tries	    - How many times to try sleeping during a wait
1806		      (default: 50)
1807    ospath	    - Pathname to processed ICS2115 OS firmware
1808		      (default:wavefront.os)
1809	The path name of the ISC2115 OS firmware.  In the recent
1810	version, it's handled via firmware loader framework, so it
1811	must be installed in the proper path, typically,
1812	/lib/firmware.
1813    reset_time	    - How long to wait for a reset to take effect
1814		      (default:2)
1815    ramcheck_time   - How many seconds to wait for the RAM test
1816		      (default:20)
1817    osrun_time	    - How many seconds to wait for the ICS2115 OS
1818		      (default:10)
1819
1820    This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
1821
1822    Note: the firmware file "wavefront.os" was located in the earlier
1823          version in /etc.  Now it's loaded via firmware loader, and
1824	  must be in the proper firmware path, such as /lib/firmware.
1825	  Copy (or symlink) the file appropriately if you get an error
1826	  regarding firmware downloading after upgrading the kernel.
1827
1828  Module snd-sonicvibes
1829  ---------------------
1830
1831    Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
1832			* PINE Schubert 32 PCI
1833
1834    reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1835                  - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
1836    mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1837
1838    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1839
1840  Module snd-serial-u16550
1841  ------------------------
1842
1843    Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
1844
1845    port	- port # for UART16550A chip
1846    irq		- IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
1847    speed	- speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
1848		  38400 = default
1849    base	- base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
1850		  115200 = default
1851    outs	- number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
1852		  1 = default
1853    adaptor	- Type of adaptor.
1854                  0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
1855		  3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
1856
1857    This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
1858    thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
1859
1860  Module snd-trident
1861  ------------------
1862
1863    Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
1864			* Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
1865			* HIS  4DWave PCI
1866			* Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
1867			* AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
1868			* Addonics  SV 750
1869			* CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
1870			* Shark  Predator4D-PCI
1871			* Jaton  SonicWave 4D
1872			* SiS SI7018 PCI Audio
1873			* Hoontech SoundTrack Digital 4DWave NX
1874
1875    pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
1876    wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
1877
1878    This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1879
1880    The power-management is supported.
1881
1882  Module snd-ua101
1883  ----------------
1884
1885    Module for the Edirol UA-101/UA-1000 audio/MIDI interfaces.
1886
1887    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1888
1889  Module snd-usb-audio
1890  --------------------
1891
1892    Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
1893
1894    vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
1895    pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)
1896    nrpacks	    - Max. number of packets per URB (default: 8)
1897    async_unlink    - Use async unlink mode (default: yes)
1898    device_setup    - Device specific magic number (optional)
1899                    - Influence depends on the device
1900                    - Default: 0x0000
1901    ignore_ctl_error - Ignore any USB-controller regarding mixer
1902    		       interface (default: no)
1903
1904    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1905
1906    NB: nrpacks parameter can be modified dynamically via sysfs.
1907        Don't put the value over 20.  Changing via sysfs has no sanity
1908	check.
1909    NB: async_unlink=0 would cause Oops.  It remains just for
1910        debugging purpose (if any).
1911    NB: ignore_ctl_error=1 may help when you get an error at accessing
1912        the mixer element such as URB error -22.  This happens on some
1913        buggy USB device or the controller.
1914
1915  Module snd-usb-caiaq
1916  --------------------
1917
1918    Module for caiaq UB audio interfaces,
1919	    * Native Instruments RigKontrol2
1920	    * Native Instruments Kore Controller
1921	    * Native Instruments Audio Kontrol 1
1922	    * Native Instruments Audio 8 DJ
1923
1924    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1925
1926  Module snd-usb-usx2y
1927  --------------------
1928
1929    Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
1930
1931    This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1932
1933    Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
1934          in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
1935
1936  Module snd-via82xx
1937  ------------------
1938
1939    Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
1940    8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
1941
1942    mpu_port	- 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
1943		  [VIA686A/686B only]
1944    joystick	- Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
1945    ac97_clock	- AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1946    dxs_support	- support DXS channels,
1947		  0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
1948		  3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample
1949		  rate and different sample rates on different
1950		  channels
1951		  [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
1952    ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1953		  See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1954
1955    This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1956
1957    Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
1958          not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
1959          set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
1960          default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
1961          assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
1962
1963    Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
1964	  channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
1965	  streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
1966	  can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
1967	  each channel.
1968	  As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
1969	  except for the known devices since the output is often
1970	  noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
1971	  bug of BIOS.
1972	  Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other
1973	  sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
1974	  know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
1975	  "lspci -nv").
1976	  If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=4; if it
1977	  doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1.  (dxs_support=1 is
1978	  usually for old motherboards.  The correct implemented
1979	  board should work with 4 or 5.)  If it still doesn't
1980	  work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
1981	  right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
1982	  try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
1983	  In any cases, please let us know the result and the
1984	  subsystem vendor/device ids.  See "Links and Addresses"
1985	  below.
1986
1987    Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
1988	  additionally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
1989
1990    The power-management is supported.
1991
1992  Module snd-via82xx-modem
1993  ------------------------
1994
1995    Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
1996
1997    ac97_clock	- AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1998
1999    This module supports one card and autoprobe.
2000
2001    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
2002          slot is excluded.
2003
2004    The power-management is supported.
2005
2006  Module snd-virmidi
2007  ------------------
2008
2009    Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
2010    This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
2011    to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
2012
2013    midi_devs	- MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
2014
2015    This module supports multiple cards.
2016
2017  Module snd-virtuoso
2018  -------------------
2019
2020    Module for sound cards based on the Asus AV66/AV100/AV200 chips,
2021    i.e., Xonar D1, DX, D2, D2X, DS, Essence ST (Deluxe), Essence STX,
2022    HDAV1.3 (Deluxe), and HDAV1.3 Slim.
2023
2024    This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
2025
2026  Module snd-vx222
2027  ----------------
2028
2029    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
2030
2031    mic		- Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
2032    ibl		- Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
2033
2034    This module supports multiple cards.
2035
2036    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2037    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2038    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2039    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2040    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
2041    vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf
2042
2043	install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader
2044
2045    (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
2046     /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
2047    IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
2048    gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
2049    The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
2050    size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
2051    /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
2052
2053    The power-management is supported.
2054
2055  Module snd-vxpocket
2056  -------------------
2057
2058    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
2059
2060    ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
2061
2062    This module supports multiple cards.  The module is compiled only when
2063    PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
2064
2065    With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
2066    manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the
2067    sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.  2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
2068    longer require a config file.
2069
2070    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
2071    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
2072    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
2073    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
2074    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
2075
2076    About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
2077
2078    Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
2079           ALSA 1.0.10.
2080
2081    The power-management is supported.
2082
2083  Module snd-ymfpci
2084  -----------------
2085
2086    Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
2087
2088    mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
2089                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2090    fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
2091                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
2092    joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
2093                    1 (auto-detect)
2094    rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
2095
2096    This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
2097
2098    The power-management is supported.
2099
2100  Module snd-pdaudiocf
2101  --------------------
2102
2103    Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
2104
2105    The power-management is supported.
2106
2107
2108AC97 Quirk Option
2109=================
2110
2111The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
2112specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
2113snd-intel8x0.  Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
2114and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
2115specifications from version to version :-)
2116
2117The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
2118but some might be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass
2119the proper value with this option.
2120
2121The following strings are accepted:
2122    - default	Don't override the default setting
2123    - none	Disable the quirk
2124    - hp_only	Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
2125    - swap_hp	Swap headphone and master controls
2126    - swap_surround  Swap master and surround controls
2127    - ad_sharing  For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
2128    - alc_jack	For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
2129    - inv_eapd	Inverted EAPD implementation
2130    - mute_led	Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
2131
2132For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0,
2133... are  accepted, too.
2134
2135For example, if "Master" volume control has no effect on your device
2136but only "Headphone" does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
2137
2138
2139Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
2140============================
2141
2142When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
2143supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
2144If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
2145For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
2146together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
2147
2148When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
2149will be not built in.
2150
2151
2152Module Autoloading Support
2153==========================
2154
2155The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
2156module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
2157devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.
2158
2159To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
2160'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
2161corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
2162as the same card module.
2163
2164An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
2165----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2166alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
2167alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
2168----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2169
2170The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
2171option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
2172To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
2173sound cards in that option.
2174
2175When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
2176number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
2177cards is kept consistent.
2178
2179An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
2180
2181----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2182# ALSA portion
2183options snd cards_limit=2
2184alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
2185alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
2186options snd-interwave index=0
2187options snd-ens1371 index=1
2188# OSS/Free portion
2189alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
2190alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
2191----- /etc/modprobe.conf
2192
2193In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
2194(index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
2195
2196Alternative (and new) way to fixate the slot assignment is to use
2197"slots" option of snd module.  In the case above, specify like the
2198following:
2199
2200options snd slots=snd-interwave,snd-ens1371
2201
2202Then, the first slot (#0) is reserved for snd-interwave driver, and
2203the second (#1) for snd-ens1371.  You can omit index option in each
2204driver if slots option is used (although you can still have them at
2205the same time as long as they don't conflict).
2206
2207The slots option is especially useful for avoiding the possible
2208hot-plugging and the resultant slot conflict.  For example, in the
2209case above again, the first two slots are already reserved.  If any
2210other driver (e.g. snd-usb-audio) is loaded before snd-interwave or
2211snd-ens1371, it will be assigned to the third or later slot.
2212
2213When a module name is given with '!', the slot will be given for any
2214modules but that name.  For example, "slots=!snd-pcsp" will reserve
2215the first slot for any modules but snd-pcsp.
2216
2217
2218ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
2219=======================================
2220
2221/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
2222/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
2223/dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
2224/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
2225/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
2226/dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
2227/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
2228/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
2229/dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44
2230
2231The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
2232sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
2233have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
2234playback, respectively.
2235
2236Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
2237options of snd-pcm-oss module.
2238
2239
2240Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
2241==============================
2242
2243/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
2244-------------------------------
2245  String "erase" - erase all additional information about OSS applications
2246  String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"
2247
2248   <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
2249   <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
2250   <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
2251   <options> - optional parameters
2252	  - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
2253		      this channel but does not want to use it.
2254		      (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
2255		      It's good for Quake etc...
2256	  - direct    don't use plugins
2257	  - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
2258	  - non-block force non-block mode
2259	  - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
2260			playback only)
2261	  - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
2262	  - buggy-ptr	Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
2263			instead of filled blocks
2264
2265  Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2266           echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
2267	   echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
2268
2269
2270Early Buffer Allocation
2271=======================
2272
2273Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
2274sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
2275actually loaded due to memory fragmentation.  You can pre-allocate the
2276PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
2277proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
2278/etc/init.d/*.local scripts.
2279
2280Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
2281usage of page allocation.  In writing, you can send the following
2282commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
2283
2284  - add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
2285
2286    VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs.  They take
2287    integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
2288    MASK is the PCI DMA mask.  Pass 0 if not restricted.
2289    SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate.  You can pass
2290    k and m suffix for KB and MB.  The max number is 16MB.
2291    BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate.  It must be greater
2292    than 0.  The max number is 4.
2293
2294  - erase
2295
2296    This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
2297    use.
2298
2299
2300Links and Addresses
2301===================
2302
2303  ALSA project homepage
2304       http://www.alsa-project.org
2305
2306  Kernel Bugzilla
2307       http://bugzilla.kernel.org/
2308
2309  ALSA Developers ML
2310       mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
2311
2312  alsa-info.sh script
2313       http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
2314