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/cloud-hypervisor/docs/
H A Dhotplug.md8 or by using this kernel patch (available in 5.5-rc1 and later): https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linu…
12 Extra vCPUs can be added and removed from a running `cloud-hypervisor` instance. This is controlled…
21 $ sudo setcap cap_net_admin+ep ./cloud-hypervisor/target/release/cloud-hypervisor
22 $ ./cloud-hypervisor/target/release/cloud-hypervisor \
23 --kernel custom-vmlinux.bin \
24 --cmdline "console=ttyS0 console=hvc0 root=/dev/vda1 rw" \
25 --disk path=focal-server-cloudimg-amd64.raw \
26 --cpus boot=4,max=8 \
27 --memory size=1024M \
28 --net "tap=,mac=,ip=,mask=" \
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H A Dwindows.md3 Starting with the release version [0.10.0](https://github.com/cloud-hypervisor/cloud-hypervisor/rel…
7 - Host with KVM enabled
8 - [UEFI](uefi.md) capable Windows guest image with Virtio drivers integrated
22 - QEMU, version >=5.0.0 is recommended.
23 - Windows installation ISO. Obtained through MSDN, Visual Studio subscription, evaluation center, e…
24 - [VirtIO driver ISO](https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/stable-virti…
25 - Suitable firmware for Cloud Hypervisor (`CLOUDHV.fd`) and for QEMU (`OVMF.fd`)
26 - With the suggested image size of 30G, there should be enough free disk space to hold the installa…
33 IMG_FILE=windows-disk.raw
35 VIRTIO_ISO_FILE=virtio-win-0.1.185.iso
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H A Dvhost-user-net-testing.md1 # How to test Vhost-user net with OpenVSwitch/DPDK
3 The purpose of this document is to illustrate how to test vhost-user-net
4 in cloud-hypervisor with OVS/DPDK as the backend. This document was
10 …date the communication between two virtual machine, connecting them to vhost-user ports respective…
12 … +----+----------+ +-------------+-----------+-------------+ +----------+----+
14 … | |vhost-user|----------| vhost-user | ovs | vhost-user |----------|vhost-user| |
17 … | +----------+ +-------------+-----------+-------------+ +----------+ |
21 …+--+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+…
23 …| +---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+…
27 …+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------…
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H A Dvfio-user.md1 # Cloud Hypervisor VFIO-user HOWTO
3 …-user is an *experimental* protocol for allowing devices to be implemented in another process and …
5 The protocol is documented here: https://github.com/nutanix/libvfio-user/blob/master/docs/vfio-user…
7 …*. Not all Cloud Hypervisor functionality is supported in particular: virtio-mem and iommu are not…
11 …--user-device socket=<path>` parameter is used to create a vfio-user device when creating the VM s…
15 …re is a simple GPIO device included in the libvfio-user repository: https://github.com/nutanix/lib…
17 Run the example from the libvfio-user repository:
20 rm /tmp/vfio-user.sock
21 ./build/dbg/samples/gpio-pci-idio-16 -v /tmp/vfio-user.sock &
27 target/debug/cloud-hypervisor \
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H A Dapi.md1 - [Cloud Hypervisor API](#cloud-hypervisor-api)
2 - [External API](#external-api)
3 - [REST API](#rest-api)
4 - [REST API Location and availability](#rest-api-location-and-availability)
5 - [REST API Endpoints](#rest-api-endpoints)
6 - [Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) Actions](#virtual-machine-manager-vmm-actions)
7 - [Virtual Machine (VM) Actions](#virtual-machine-vm-actions)
8 - [REST API Examples](#rest-api-examples)
9 - [Create a Virtual Machine](#create-a-virtual-machine)
10 - [Boot a Virtual Machine](#boot-a-virtual-machine)
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H A Dvdpa.md3 vDPA aims at achieving bare-metal performance for devices passed into a virtual
8 the VIRTIO specification on their data-path, while the control path is vendor
11 vDPA framework, being exposed through the vhost interface as a vhost-vdpa
20 The official [website](https://vdpa-dev.gitlab.io/) contains some extensive
25 `VdpaConfig` (known as `--vdpa` from the CLI perspective) contains the list of
38 --vdpa <vdpa> vDPA device "path=<device_path>,num_queues=<number_of_queues>,iommu=on|off,id=<device…
43 Path of the vDPA device. Usually `/dev/vhost-vdpa-X`.
52 --vdpa path=/dev/vhost-vdpa-0
66 --vdpa path=/dev/vhost-vdpa-0,num_queues=2
81 --vdpa path=/dev/vhost-vdpa-0,id=vdpa0
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H A Dlandlock.md19 Landlock should be enabled in Host kernel to use it with cloud-hypervisor.
20 Please following [Kernel-Support](https://docs.kernel.org/userspace-api/landlock.html#kernel-suppor…
25 $ sudo dmesg | grep -w landlock
32 At the time of enabling Landlock, Cloud-Hypervisor process needs the complete
37 Append `--landlock` to Cloud-Hypervisor's command line to enable Landlock
41 (ex: during hotplug), those paths can be passed using `--landlock-rules` command
71 ./cloud-hypervisor \
72 --kernel ./linux-cloud-hypervisor/arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin \
73 --disk path=focal-server-cloudimg-amd64.raw path=/tmp/ubuntu-cloudinit.img \
74 --cmdline "console=hvc0 root=/dev/vda1 rw" \
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H A Damd_sev_snp.md1 # AMD SEV-SNP
7 AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization & Secure Nested Paging (SEV-SNP) is an AMD
8 technology designed to add strong memory integrity protection to help prevent
9 malicious hypervisor-based attacks like data replay, memory-remapping and more
13 - [SNP Homepage](https://www.amd.com/content/dam/amd/en/documents/epyc-business-docs/solution-brief…
14 more information about SEV-SNP technical aspects, design and specification.
18 It is required to use a machine which has enabled support for AMD SEV-SNP in
25 cargo build --no-default-features --features "sev_snp"
31 You can run a SEV-SNP VM using the following command:
34 ./cloud-hypervisor \
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H A Dmacvtap-bridge.md12 sudo ip link add link "$host_net" name macvtap0 type macvtap
23 # Use --net fd=3 to point to fd 3 which the shell has opened to point to the /dev/tapN device
24 target/debug/cloud-hypervisor \
25 --kernel ~/src/linux/vmlinux \
26 --disk path=~/workloads/focal.raw \
27 --cpus boot=1 --memory size=512M \
28 --cmdline "root=/dev/vda1 console=hvc0" \
29 --net fd=3,mac=$mac 3<>$"$tapdevice"
H A Diommu.md50 ## Why virtio-iommu?
52 The Cloud Hypervisor project decided to implement the brand new virtio-iommu
59 ## Pre-requisites
63 As of Kernel 5.14, virtio-iommu is available for both X86-64 and Aarch64.
68 virtio-iommu device and expose it through the ACPI IORT table. This can be
78 Refer to the command line `--help` to find out which device support to be
81 Below is a simple example exposing the `virtio-blk` device as attached to the
85 ./cloud-hypervisor \
86 --cpus boot=1 \
87 --memory size=512M \
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H A Dvfio.md4 access to userspace. `cloud-hypervisor`, as many VMMs do, uses the VFIO
9 To assign a device to a `cloud-hypervisor` guest, the device needs to be managed
14 it to `cloud-hypervisor` for assigning it to a guest.
21 `cloud-hypervisor` only supports assigning PCI devices to its guests. `lspci`
36 First we add VFIO support to the host:
39 # modprobe -r vfio_pci
40 # modprobe -r vfio_iommu_type1
45 In case the VFIO drivers are built-in, enable unsafe interrupts with:
61 $ lspci -n -s 01:00.0
64 # echo 10ec 525a > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/new_id
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/cloud-hypervisor/vmm/src/api/openapi/
H A Dcloud-hypervisor.yaml4 description: Local HTTP based API for managing and inspecting a cloud-hypervisor virtual machine.
7 url: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
11 - url: http://localhost/api/v1
27 summary: Shuts the cloud-hypervisor VMM.
35 summary: Returns general information about the cloud-hypervisor Virtual Machine (VM) instance.
57 …summary: Create the cloud-hypervisor Virtual Machine (VM) instance. The instance is not booted, on…
72 summary: Delete the cloud-hypervisor Virtual Machine (VM) instance.
136 /vm.power-button:
139 operationId: power-buttonVM
166 /vm.resize-zone:
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/cloud-hypervisor/src/bin/
H A Dch-remote.rs3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
48 #[error("Error parsing disk syntax")]
79 fn vmm_ping(&self) -> zbus::Result<String>; in vmm_ping()
80 fn vmm_shutdown(&self) -> zbus::Result<()>; in vmm_shutdown()
81 fn vm_add_device(&self, device_config: &str) -> zbus::Result<Optional<String>>; in vm_add_device()
82 fn vm_add_disk(&self, disk_config: &str) -> zbus::Result<Optional<String>>; in vm_add_disk()
83 fn vm_add_fs(&self, fs_config: &str) -> zbus::Result<Optional<String>>; in vm_add_fs()
84 fn vm_add_net(&self, net_config: &str) -> zbus::Result<Optional<String>>; in vm_add_net()
85 fn vm_add_pmem(&self, pmem_config: &str) -> zbus::Result<Optional<String>>; in vm_add_pmem()
86 fn vm_add_user_device(&self, vm_add_user_device: &str) -> zbus::Result<Optional<String>>; in vm_add_user_device()
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/cloud-hypervisor/vmm/src/
H A Dconfig.rs3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
32 #[error("Error parsing --fs: tag missing")]
35 #[error("Error parsing --fs: max tag length is {VIRTIO_FS_TAG_LEN}")]
38 #[error("Error parsing --fs: socket missing")]
41 #[error("Error parsing --pmem: file missing")]
44 #[error("Error parsing --vsock: socket missing")]
47 #[error("Error parsing --vsock: cid missing")]
50 #[error("Error parsing --restore: source_url missing")]
53 #[error("Error parsing --cpus")]
56 #[error("Invalid feature in --cpus features list: {0}")]
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H A Ddevice_manager.rs4 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
5 // found in the LICENSE-BSD-3-Clause file.
9 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 AND BSD-3-Clause
148 const VIRTIO_PCI_DEVICE_NAME_PREFIX: &str = "_virtio-pci";
157 /// Cannot open disk path
158 #[error("Cannot open disk path")]
159 Disk(#[source] io::Error), enumerator
161 /// Cannot create vhost-user-net device
162 #[error("Cannot create vhost-user-net device")]
165 /// Cannot create virtio-blk device
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H A Dvm.rs6 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
7 // found in the LICENSE-BSD-3-Clause file.
11 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 AND BSD-3-Clause
219 #[error("Too many virtio-vsock devices")]
259 #[error("Error enabling SEV-SNP VM")]
336 #[error("Error locking disk images: Another instance likely holds a lock")]
351 fn valid_transition(self, new_state: VmState) -> Result<()> { in valid_transition()
396 fn guest_mem_write(&self, gpa: u64, buf: &[u8]) -> result::Result<usize, HypervisorVmError> { in guest_mem_write()
403 fn guest_mem_read(&self, gpa: u64, buf: &mut [u8]) -> result::Result<usize, HypervisorVmError> { in guest_mem_read()
410 fn mmio_read(&self, gpa: u64, data: &mut [u8]) -> result::Result<(), HypervisorVmError> { in mmio_read()
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H A Dlib.rs3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
132 /// Cannot create D-Bus thread
134 #[error("Error spawning D-Bus thread")]
137 /// Cannot start D-Bus session
139 #[error("Error starting D-Bus session")]
142 /// Cannot create `event-monitor` thread
143 #[error("Error spawning `event-monitor` thread")]
179 // TODO We should add #[source] here once the type implements Error.
230 fn from(v: u64) -> Self { in from()
249 fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> std::io::Result<usize> { in read()
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/cloud-hypervisor/tests/
H A Dintegration.rs3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
7 // hence have known dead-code. This annotation silences dead-code
36 pub const FOCAL_IMAGE_NAME: &str = "focal-server-cloudimg-amd64-custom-20210609-0.raw";
38 "jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64-custom-vfio-20241012-0.raw";
39 pub const FOCAL_IMAGE_NAME_QCOW2: &str = "focal-server-cloudimg-amd64-custom-20210609-0.qcow2";
41 "focal-server-cloudimg-amd64-custom-20210609-0-backing.qcow2";
42 pub const FOCAL_IMAGE_NAME_VHD: &str = "focal-server-cloudimg-amd64-custom-20210609-0.vhd";
43 pub const FOCAL_IMAGE_NAME_VHDX: &str = "focal-server-cloudimg-amd64-custom-20210609-0.vhdx";
44 pub const JAMMY_IMAGE_NAME: &str = "jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64-custom-20241017-0.raw";
45 pub const WINDOWS_IMAGE_NAME: &str = "windows-server-2022-amd64-2.raw";
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/cloud-hypervisor/
H A DREADME.md1 - [1. What is Cloud Hypervisor?](#1-what-is-cloud-hypervisor)
2 - [Objectives](#objectives)
3 - [High Level](#high-level)
4 - [Architectures](#architectures)
5 - [Guest OS](#guest-os)
6 - [2. Getting Started](#2-getting-started)
7 - [Host OS](#host-os)
8 - [Use Pre-built Binaries](#use-pre-built-binaries)
9 - [Packages](#packages)
10 - [Building from Source](#building-from-source)
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H A Drelease-notes.md1 - [v46.0](#v460)
2 - [File-level Locking Support with `--disk`](#file-level-locking-support-with---disk)
3 - [Improved Error Reporting with VM Resizing](#improved-error-reporting-with-vm-resizing)
4 - [IPv6 Address Support with `--net`](#ipv6-address-support-with---net)
5 …- [Experimental AArch64 Support with the MSHV Hypervisor](#experimental-aarch64-support-with-the-m…
6 - [Deprecated SGX Support](#deprecated-sgx-support)
7 - [Notable Bug Fixes](#notable-bug-fixes)
8 - [Contributors](#contributors)
9 - [v45.0](#v450)
10 - [Experimental `riscv64` Architecture Support](#experimental-riscv64-architecture-support)
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/cloud-hypervisor/src/
H A Dmain.rs3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
40 #[cfg(feature = "dhat-heap")]
71 #[error("Error parsing --api-socket")]
73 #[error("Error parsing --event-monitor")]
76 #[error("`--dbus-object-path` option isn't provided")]
79 #[error("`--dbus-service-name` option isn't provided")]
81 #[error("Error parsing --event-monitor: path or fd required")]
88 #[error("Error parsing --gdb")]
91 #[error("Error parsing --gdb: path required")]
123 fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &log::Metadata) -> bool { in enabled()
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/cloud-hypervisor/vmm/src/api/http/
H A Dmod.rs3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
75 /// The error message contained in the response is supposed to be user-facing,
78 pub fn error_response(error: HttpError, status: StatusCode) -> Response { in error_response()
85 // See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/141673> in error_response()
112 ) -> Response { in handle_request()
149 ) -> std::result::Result<Option<Body>, HttpError> { in put_handler()
158 ) -> std::result::Result<Option<Body>, HttpError> { in get_handler()
175 /// HTTP_ROUTES contain all the cloud-hypervisor HTTP routes.
182 endpoint!("/vm.add-device"),
186 endpoint!("/vm.add-user-device"),
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/cloud-hypervisor/vm-migration/src/
H A Dlib.rs3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 AND BSD-3-Clause
52 #[error("Failed to release a disk lock before the migration")]
59 fn pause(&mut self) -> std::result::Result<(), MigratableError> { in pause()
64 fn resume(&mut self) -> std::result::Result<(), MigratableError> { in resume()
82 pub fn to_state<'a, T>(&'a self) -> Result<T, MigratableError> in to_state()
91 pub fn new_from_state<T>(state: &T) -> Result<Self, MigratableError> in new_from_state()
106 /// through the snapshots field, which is basically their sub-components.
126 pub fn from_data(data: SnapshotData) -> Self { in from_data()
134 pub fn new_from_state<T>(state: &T) -> Result<Self, MigratableError> in new_from_state()
141 /// Add a sub-component's Snapshot to the Snapshot.
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/cloud-hypervisor/test_infra/src/
H A Dlib.rs3 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
91 pub fn wait_vm_boot(&self, custom_timeout: Option<i32>) -> Result<(), WaitForBootError> { in wait_vm_boot()
93 …// The 'port' is unique per 'GUEST' and listening to wild-card ip avoids retrying on 'TcpListener:… in wait_vm_boot()
102 let mut closure = || -> Result<(), WaitForBootError> { in wait_vm_boot()
107 .expect("Cannot set non-blocking for tcp listener"); in wait_vm_boot()
119 .expect("Cannot add 'tcp_listener' event to epoll"); in wait_vm_boot()
184 fn prepare_cloudinit(&self, tmp_dir: &TempDir, network: &GuestNetworkConfig) -> String; in prepare_cloudinit()
185 fn disk(&self, disk_type: DiskType) -> Option<String>; in disk() method
196 pub fn new(image_name: String) -> Self { in new()
214 pub fn new(image_name: String) -> Self { in new()
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/cloud-hypervisor/block/src/qcow/
H A Dmod.rs2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
3 // found in the LICENSE-BSD-3-Clause file.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 AND BSD-3-Clause
33 /// Nesting depth limit for disk formats that can open other disk files.
75 #[error("Maximum disk nesting depth exceeded")]
151 // bits 0-8 and 56-63 are reserved.
194 // Post-header entries
200 pub fn new(f: &mut RawFile) -> Result<QcowHeader> { in new()
208 fn read_u32_from_file(f: &mut RawFile) -> Result<u32> { in new()
213 fn read_u64_from_file(f: &mut RawFile) -> Result<u64> { in new()
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