xref: /linux/kernel/futex/futex.h (revision ab93e0dd72c37d378dd936f031ffb83ff2bd87ce)

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _FUTEX_H
#define _FUTEX_H

#include <linux/futex.h>
#include <linux/rtmutex.h>
#include <linux/sched/wake_q.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/cleanup.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
#include <linux/rcuwait.h>
#endif

#include <asm/futex.h>

/*
 * Futex flags used to encode options to functions and preserve them across
 * restarts.
 */
#define FLAGS_SIZE_8		0x0000
#define FLAGS_SIZE_16		0x0001
#define FLAGS_SIZE_32		0x0002
#define FLAGS_SIZE_64		0x0003

#define FLAGS_SIZE_MASK		0x0003

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
# define FLAGS_SHARED		0x0010
#else
/*
 * NOMMU does not have per process address space. Let the compiler optimize
 * code away.
 */
# define FLAGS_SHARED		0x0000
#endif
#define FLAGS_CLOCKRT		0x0020
#define FLAGS_HAS_TIMEOUT	0x0040
#define FLAGS_NUMA		0x0080
#define FLAGS_STRICT		0x0100
#define FLAGS_MPOL		0x0200

/* FUTEX_ to FLAGS_ */
static inline unsigned int futex_to_flags(unsigned int op)
{
	unsigned int flags = FLAGS_SIZE_32;

	if (!(op & FUTEX_PRIVATE_FLAG))
		flags |= FLAGS_SHARED;

	if (op & FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME)
		flags |= FLAGS_CLOCKRT;

	return flags;
}

#define FUTEX2_VALID_MASK (FUTEX2_SIZE_MASK | FUTEX2_NUMA | FUTEX2_MPOL | FUTEX2_PRIVATE)

/* FUTEX2_ to FLAGS_ */
static inline unsigned int futex2_to_flags(unsigned int flags2)
{
	unsigned int flags = flags2 & FUTEX2_SIZE_MASK;

	if (!(flags2 & FUTEX2_PRIVATE))
		flags |= FLAGS_SHARED;

	if (flags2 & FUTEX2_NUMA)
		flags |= FLAGS_NUMA;

	if (flags2 & FUTEX2_MPOL)
		flags |= FLAGS_MPOL;

	return flags;
}

static inline unsigned int futex_size(unsigned int flags)
{
	return 1 << (flags & FLAGS_SIZE_MASK);
}

static inline bool futex_flags_valid(unsigned int flags)
{
	/* Only 64bit futexes for 64bit code */
	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_64BIT) || in_compat_syscall()) {
		if ((flags & FLAGS_SIZE_MASK) == FLAGS_SIZE_64)
			return false;
	}

	/* Only 32bit futexes are implemented -- for now */
	if ((flags & FLAGS_SIZE_MASK) != FLAGS_SIZE_32)
		return false;

	/*
	 * Must be able to represent both FUTEX_NO_NODE and every valid nodeid
	 * in a futex word.
	 */
	if (flags & FLAGS_NUMA) {
		int bits = 8 * futex_size(flags);
		u64 max = ~0ULL;

		max >>= 64 - bits;
		if (nr_node_ids >= max)
			return false;
	}

	return true;
}

static inline bool futex_validate_input(unsigned int flags, u64 val)
{
	int bits = 8 * futex_size(flags);

	if (bits < 64 && (val >> bits))
		return false;

	return true;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_FAIL_FUTEX
extern bool should_fail_futex(bool fshared);
#else
static inline bool should_fail_futex(bool fshared)
{
	return false;
}
#endif

/*
 * Hash buckets are shared by all the futex_keys that hash to the same
 * location.  Each key may have multiple futex_q structures, one for each task
 * waiting on a futex.
 */
struct futex_hash_bucket {
	atomic_t waiters;
	spinlock_t lock;
	struct plist_head chain;
	struct futex_private_hash *priv;
} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;

/*
 * Priority Inheritance state:
 */
struct futex_pi_state {
	/*
	 * list of 'owned' pi_state instances - these have to be
	 * cleaned up in do_exit() if the task exits prematurely:
	 */
	struct list_head list;

	/*
	 * The PI object:
	 */
	struct rt_mutex_base pi_mutex;

	struct task_struct *owner;
	refcount_t refcount;

	union futex_key key;
} __randomize_layout;

struct futex_q;
typedef void (futex_wake_fn)(struct wake_q_head *wake_q, struct futex_q *q);

/**
 * struct futex_q - The hashed futex queue entry, one per waiting task
 * @list:		priority-sorted list of tasks waiting on this futex
 * @task:		the task waiting on the futex
 * @lock_ptr:		the hash bucket lock
 * @wake:		the wake handler for this queue
 * @wake_data:		data associated with the wake handler
 * @key:		the key the futex is hashed on
 * @pi_state:		optional priority inheritance state
 * @rt_waiter:		rt_waiter storage for use with requeue_pi
 * @requeue_pi_key:	the requeue_pi target futex key
 * @bitset:		bitset for the optional bitmasked wakeup
 * @requeue_state:	State field for futex_requeue_pi()
 * @drop_hb_ref:	Waiter should drop the extra hash bucket reference if true
 * @requeue_wait:	RCU wait for futex_requeue_pi() (RT only)
 *
 * We use this hashed waitqueue, instead of a normal wait_queue_entry_t, so
 * we can wake only the relevant ones (hashed queues may be shared).
 *
 * A futex_q has a woken state, just like tasks have TASK_RUNNING.
 * It is considered woken when plist_node_empty(&q->list) || q->lock_ptr == 0.
 * The order of wakeup is always to make the first condition true, then
 * the second.
 *
 * PI futexes are typically woken before they are removed from the hash list via
 * the rt_mutex code. See futex_unqueue_pi().
 */
struct futex_q {
	struct plist_node list;

	struct task_struct *task;
	spinlock_t *lock_ptr;
	futex_wake_fn *wake;
	void *wake_data;
	union futex_key key;
	struct futex_pi_state *pi_state;
	struct rt_mutex_waiter *rt_waiter;
	union futex_key *requeue_pi_key;
	u32 bitset;
	atomic_t requeue_state;
	bool drop_hb_ref;
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
	struct rcuwait requeue_wait;
#endif
} __randomize_layout;

extern const struct futex_q futex_q_init;

enum futex_access {
	FUTEX_READ,
	FUTEX_WRITE
};

extern int get_futex_key(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, union futex_key *key,
			 enum futex_access rw);
extern void futex_q_lockptr_lock(struct futex_q *q);
extern struct hrtimer_sleeper *
futex_setup_timer(ktime_t *time, struct hrtimer_sleeper *timeout,
		  int flags, u64 range_ns);

extern struct futex_hash_bucket *futex_hash(union futex_key *key);
#ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX_PRIVATE_HASH
extern void futex_hash_get(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb);
extern void futex_hash_put(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb);

extern struct futex_private_hash *futex_private_hash(void);
extern void futex_private_hash_put(struct futex_private_hash *fph);

#else /* !CONFIG_FUTEX_PRIVATE_HASH */
static inline void futex_hash_get(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb) { }
static inline void futex_hash_put(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb) { }
static inline struct futex_private_hash *futex_private_hash(void) { return NULL; }
static inline void futex_private_hash_put(struct futex_private_hash *fph) { }
#endif

DEFINE_CLASS(hb, struct futex_hash_bucket *,
	     if (_T) futex_hash_put(_T),
	     futex_hash(key), union futex_key *key);

DEFINE_CLASS(private_hash, struct futex_private_hash *,
	     if (_T) futex_private_hash_put(_T),
	     futex_private_hash(), void);

/**
 * futex_match - Check whether two futex keys are equal
 * @key1:	Pointer to key1
 * @key2:	Pointer to key2
 *
 * Return 1 if two futex_keys are equal, 0 otherwise.
 */
static inline int futex_match(union futex_key *key1, union futex_key *key2)
{
	return (key1 && key2
		&& key1->both.word == key2->both.word
		&& key1->both.ptr == key2->both.ptr
		&& key1->both.offset == key2->both.offset);
}

extern int futex_wait_setup(u32 __user *uaddr, u32 val, unsigned int flags,
			    struct futex_q *q, union futex_key *key2,
			    struct task_struct *task);
extern void futex_do_wait(struct futex_q *q, struct hrtimer_sleeper *timeout);
extern bool __futex_wake_mark(struct futex_q *q);
extern void futex_wake_mark(struct wake_q_head *wake_q, struct futex_q *q);

extern int fault_in_user_writeable(u32 __user *uaddr);
extern struct futex_q *futex_top_waiter(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb, union futex_key *key);

static inline int futex_cmpxchg_value_locked(u32 *curval, u32 __user *uaddr, u32 uval, u32 newval)
{
	int ret;

	pagefault_disable();
	ret = futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic(curval, uaddr, uval, newval);
	pagefault_enable();

	return ret;
}

/*
 * This does a plain atomic user space read, and the user pointer has
 * already been verified earlier by get_futex_key() to be both aligned
 * and actually in user space, just like futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic().
 *
 * We still want to avoid any speculation, and while __get_user() is
 * the traditional model for this, it's actually slower than doing
 * this manually these days.
 *
 * We could just have a per-architecture special function for it,
 * the same way we do futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic(), but rather
 * than force everybody to do that, write it out long-hand using
 * the low-level user-access infrastructure.
 *
 * This looks a bit overkill, but generally just results in a couple
 * of instructions.
 */
static __always_inline int futex_get_value(u32 *dest, u32 __user *from)
{
	u32 val;

	if (can_do_masked_user_access())
		from = masked_user_access_begin(from);
	else if (!user_read_access_begin(from, sizeof(*from)))
		return -EFAULT;
	unsafe_get_user(val, from, Efault);
	user_read_access_end();
	*dest = val;
	return 0;
Efault:
	user_read_access_end();
	return -EFAULT;
}

static __always_inline int futex_put_value(u32 val, u32 __user *to)
{
	if (can_do_masked_user_access())
		to = masked_user_access_begin(to);
	else if (!user_read_access_begin(to, sizeof(*to)))
		return -EFAULT;
	unsafe_put_user(val, to, Efault);
	user_read_access_end();
	return 0;
Efault:
	user_read_access_end();
	return -EFAULT;
}

static inline int futex_get_value_locked(u32 *dest, u32 __user *from)
{
	int ret;

	pagefault_disable();
	ret = futex_get_value(dest, from);
	pagefault_enable();

	return ret;
}

extern void __futex_unqueue(struct futex_q *q);
extern void __futex_queue(struct futex_q *q, struct futex_hash_bucket *hb,
				struct task_struct *task);
extern int futex_unqueue(struct futex_q *q);

/**
 * futex_queue() - Enqueue the futex_q on the futex_hash_bucket
 * @q:	The futex_q to enqueue
 * @hb:	The destination hash bucket
 * @task: Task queueing this futex
 *
 * The hb->lock must be held by the caller, and is released here. A call to
 * futex_queue() is typically paired with exactly one call to futex_unqueue().  The
 * exceptions involve the PI related operations, which may use futex_unqueue_pi()
 * or nothing if the unqueue is done as part of the wake process and the unqueue
 * state is implicit in the state of woken task (see futex_wait_requeue_pi() for
 * an example).
 *
 * Note that @task may be NULL, for async usage of futexes.
 */
static inline void futex_queue(struct futex_q *q, struct futex_hash_bucket *hb,
			       struct task_struct *task)
	__releases(&hb->lock)
{
	__futex_queue(q, hb, task);
	spin_unlock(&hb->lock);
}

extern void futex_unqueue_pi(struct futex_q *q);

extern void wait_for_owner_exiting(int ret, struct task_struct *exiting);

/*
 * Reflects a new waiter being added to the waitqueue.
 */
static inline void futex_hb_waiters_inc(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	atomic_inc(&hb->waiters);
	/*
	 * Full barrier (A), see the ordering comment above.
	 */
	smp_mb__after_atomic();
#endif
}

/*
 * Reflects a waiter being removed from the waitqueue by wakeup
 * paths.
 */
static inline void futex_hb_waiters_dec(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	atomic_dec(&hb->waiters);
#endif
}

static inline int futex_hb_waiters_pending(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
	/*
	 * Full barrier (B), see the ordering comment above.
	 */
	smp_mb();
	return atomic_read(&hb->waiters);
#else
	return 1;
#endif
}

extern void futex_q_lock(struct futex_q *q, struct futex_hash_bucket *hb);
extern void futex_q_unlock(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb);


extern int futex_lock_pi_atomic(u32 __user *uaddr, struct futex_hash_bucket *hb,
				union futex_key *key,
				struct futex_pi_state **ps,
				struct task_struct *task,
				struct task_struct **exiting,
				int set_waiters);

extern int refill_pi_state_cache(void);
extern void get_pi_state(struct futex_pi_state *pi_state);
extern void put_pi_state(struct futex_pi_state *pi_state);
extern int fixup_pi_owner(u32 __user *uaddr, struct futex_q *q, int locked);

/*
 * Express the locking dependencies for lockdep:
 */
static inline void
double_lock_hb(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb1, struct futex_hash_bucket *hb2)
{
	if (hb1 > hb2)
		swap(hb1, hb2);

	spin_lock(&hb1->lock);
	if (hb1 != hb2)
		spin_lock_nested(&hb2->lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
}

static inline void
double_unlock_hb(struct futex_hash_bucket *hb1, struct futex_hash_bucket *hb2)
{
	spin_unlock(&hb1->lock);
	if (hb1 != hb2)
		spin_unlock(&hb2->lock);
}

/* syscalls */

extern int futex_wait_requeue_pi(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, u32
				 val, ktime_t *abs_time, u32 bitset, u32 __user
				 *uaddr2);

extern int futex_requeue(u32 __user *uaddr1, unsigned int flags1,
			 u32 __user *uaddr2, unsigned int flags2,
			 int nr_wake, int nr_requeue,
			 u32 *cmpval, int requeue_pi);

extern int __futex_wait(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, u32 val,
			struct hrtimer_sleeper *to, u32 bitset);

extern int futex_wait(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, u32 val,
		      ktime_t *abs_time, u32 bitset);

/**
 * struct futex_vector - Auxiliary struct for futex_waitv()
 * @w: Userspace provided data
 * @q: Kernel side data
 *
 * Struct used to build an array with all data need for futex_waitv()
 */
struct futex_vector {
	struct futex_waitv w;
	struct futex_q q;
};

extern int futex_parse_waitv(struct futex_vector *futexv,
			     struct futex_waitv __user *uwaitv,
			     unsigned int nr_futexes, futex_wake_fn *wake,
			     void *wake_data);

extern int futex_wait_multiple_setup(struct futex_vector *vs, int count,
				     int *woken);

extern int futex_unqueue_multiple(struct futex_vector *v, int count);

extern int futex_wait_multiple(struct futex_vector *vs, unsigned int count,
			       struct hrtimer_sleeper *to);

extern int futex_wake(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, int nr_wake, u32 bitset);

extern int futex_wake_op(u32 __user *uaddr1, unsigned int flags,
			 u32 __user *uaddr2, int nr_wake, int nr_wake2, int op);

extern int futex_unlock_pi(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags);

extern int futex_lock_pi(u32 __user *uaddr, unsigned int flags, ktime_t *time, int trylock);

#endif /* _FUTEX_H */