License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine

License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.

For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139

and resulted in the first patch in this series.

If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930

and resulted in the second patch in this series.

- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:

SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1

and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).

- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

show more ...

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc6' into next

Merge with mainline to bring in the timer API changes.

Merge branch 'x86/urgent' into x86/mm, to pick up fixes

Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into fbdev-for-next

Linux 4.14-rc4

Merge airlied/drm-next into drm-misc-next

Just catching up with upstream.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Vetter <daniel.vetter@ffwll.ch>

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc2' into patchwork

Linux 4.14-rc2

* tag 'v4.14-rc2': (12066 commits)
Linux 4.14-rc2
tpm: ibmvtpm: simplify crq initialization and document crq format
tpm: replace msleep() w

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc2' into patchwork

Linux 4.14-rc2

* tag 'v4.14-rc2': (12066 commits)
Linux 4.14-rc2
tpm: ibmvtpm: simplify crq initialization and document crq format
tpm: replace msleep() with usleep_range() in TPM 1.2/2.0 generic drivers
Documentation: tpm: add powered-while-suspended binding documentation
tpm: tpm_crb: constify acpi_device_id.
tpm: vtpm: constify vio_device_id
security: fix description of values returned by cap_inode_need_killpriv
x86/asm: Fix inline asm call constraints for Clang
objtool: Handle another GCC stack pointer adjustment bug
inet: fix improper empty comparison
net: use inet6_rcv_saddr to compare sockets
net: set tb->fast_sk_family
net: orphan frags on stand-alone ptype in dev_queue_xmit_nit
MAINTAINERS: update git tree locations for ieee802154 subsystem
SMB3: Don't ignore O_SYNC/O_DSYNC and O_DIRECT flags
SMB3: handle new statx fields
arch: remove unused *_segments() macros/functions
parisc: Unbreak bootloader due to gcc-7 optimizations
parisc: Reintroduce option to gzip-compress the kernel
apparmor: fix apparmorfs DAC access permissions
...

show more ...

Merge drm-upstream/drm-next into drm-intel-next-queued

Need MST sideband message transaction to power up/down nodes.

Signed-off-by: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@intel.com>

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc2' into k.o/for-next

Merge my for-next branch to Linux 4.14-rc2 and open up the for-next area
for 4.15 kernel development.

Signed-off-by: Doug Ledford <dledford@redhat.com>

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc2' into next-general

Linux 4.14-rc2

Sync to v4.14-rc2 for security subsystem developers to track.

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into drm-misc-fixes

Pick up 4.14-rc1

Signed-off-by: Sean Paul <seanpaul@chromium.org>

Merge tag 'v4.14-rc1' into asoc-rockchip

Linux 4.14-rc1

Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-next

Pull sparc updates from David Miller:

1) Use register window state adjustment instructions when available,
from Anthony Yzn

Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-next

Pull sparc updates from David Miller:

1) Use register window state adjustment instructions when available,
from Anthony Yznaga.

2) Add VCC console concentrator driver, from Jag Raman.

3) Add 16GB hugepage support, from Nitin Gupta.

4) Support cpu 'poke' hypercall, from Vijay Kumar.

5) Add M7/M8 optimized memcpy/memset/copy_{to,from}_user, from Babu
Moger.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc-next: (33 commits)
sparc64: Handle additional cases of no fault loads
sparc64: speed up etrap/rtrap on NG2 and later processors
sparc64: vcc: make ktermios const
sparc: leon: grpci1: constify of_device_id
sparc: leon: grpci2: constify of_device_id
sparc64: vcc: Check for IS_ERR() instead of NULL
sparc64: Cleanup hugepage table walk functions
sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support
sparc64: Support huge PUD case in get_user_pages
sparc64: vcc: Add install & cleanup TTY operations
sparc64: vcc: Add break_ctl TTY operation
sparc64: vcc: Add chars_in_buffer TTY operation
sparc64: vcc: Add write & write_room TTY operations
sparc64: vcc: Add hangup TTY operation
sparc64: vcc: Add open & close TTY operations
sparc64: vcc: Enable LDC event processing engine
sparc64: vcc: Add RX & TX timer for delayed LDC operation
sparc64: vcc: Create sysfs attribute group
sparc64: vcc: Enable VCC port probe and removal
sparc64: vcc: TTY driver initialization and cleanup
...

show more ...

Merge branch 'sparc64-16gb-hugepages'

Nitin Gupta says:

====================
sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support

SPARC architecture supports 16G hugepages but the kernel did not
support these. This

Merge branch 'sparc64-16gb-hugepages'

Nitin Gupta says:

====================
sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support

SPARC architecture supports 16G hugepages but the kernel did not
support these. This patch series adds support for it and also cleanes
up some page walk/alloc functions.

Patch 1/3: Core changes needed to add 16G hugepage support: To map a
single 16G hugepage, two PUD entries are used. Each PUD entry maps
8G portion of a 16G page. This page table encoding scheme is same as
that used for hugepages at PMD level (8M, 256M and 2G pages) where
each PMD entry points successively to 8M regions within a page. No
page table entries below the PUD level are allocated for 16G
hugepage since those are not required.

TSB entries for a 16G page are created at every 4M boundary since
the HUGE_TSB is used for these pages which is configured with page
size of 4M. When walking page tables (on a TSB miss), bits [32:22]
are transferred from vaddr to PUD to resolve addresses at 4M
boundary. The resolved address mapping is then stored in HUGE_TSB.

Patch 2/3: get_user_pages() etc. are used for direct IO. These
functions were not aware of hugepages at the PUD level and would try
to continue walking page tables beyond the PUD level. Since 16G
hugepages have page tables allocated till PUD level only, these
accesses would result in invalid access. This patch adds the case
for PUD huge pages to these functions.

Patch 3/3: Patch 1 added the case of PUD entry being huge in page
table walk and alloc functions. This new case further increased
nesting in these functions and made them harder to follow. This
patch flattens these functions for better readability.

Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org

Chagenlog v6 vs v5:
- Move include of hvcalls.S after the trap table to avoid
overflowing previous space (Anthony)
Changelog v5 vs v4:
- Checking at PUD level for hugepage entry during page table walk is
patched out if 16GB hugepages are not being used.
Changelog v4 vs v3:
- Added cover letter (patch 0/4) for patch series.

Changelog v3 vs v2:
- Fixed email headers so the subject shows up correctly.

Changelog v2 vs v1:
- Remove redundant brgez,pn (Bob Picco)
- Remove unncessary label rename from 700 to 701 (Rob Gardner)
- Add patch description (Paul)
- Add 16G case to get_user_pages()
====================

Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

show more ...

sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support

Adds support for 16GB hugepage size. To use this page size
use kernel parameters as:

default_hugepagesz=16G hugepagesz=16G hugepages=10

Testing:

Tested with the

sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support

Adds support for 16GB hugepage size. To use this page size
use kernel parameters as:

default_hugepagesz=16G hugepagesz=16G hugepages=10

Testing:

Tested with the stream benchmark which allocates 48G of
arrays backed by 16G hugepages and does RW operation on
them in parallel.

Orabug: 25362942

Cc: Anthony Yznaga <anthony.yznaga@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Picco <bob.picco@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Nitin Gupta <nitin.m.gupta@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

show more ...

sparc64: Revert 16GB huge page support.

It overflows the amount of space available in the initial .text section
of trap handler assembler in some configurations, resulting in build
failures.

Signed

sparc64: Revert 16GB huge page support.

It overflows the amount of space available in the initial .text section
of trap handler assembler in some configurations, resulting in build
failures.

Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

show more ...

Merge tag 'v4.13-rc1' into omap-for-v4.14/mmc-regulator

Linux v4.13-rc1

Merge branch 'sparc64-Add-16GB-hugepage-support'

Nitin Gupta says:

====================
sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support

SPARC architecture supports 16G hugepages but the kernel did not
support

Merge branch 'sparc64-Add-16GB-hugepage-support'

Nitin Gupta says:

====================
sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support

SPARC architecture supports 16G hugepages but the kernel did not
support these. This patch series adds support for it and also cleanes
up some page walk/alloc functions.

Patch 1/3: Core changes needed to add 16G hugepage support: To map a
single 16G hugepage, two PUD entries are used. Each PUD entry maps
8G portion of a 16G page. This page table encoding scheme is same as
that used for hugepages at PMD level (8M, 256M and 2G pages) where
each PMD entry points successively to 8M regions within a page. No
page table entries below the PUD level are allocated for 16G
hugepage since those are not required.

TSB entries for a 16G page are created at every 4M boundary since
the HUGE_TSB is used for these pages which is configured with page
size of 4M. When walking page tables (on a TSB miss), bits [32:22]
are transferred from vaddr to PUD to resolve addresses at 4M
boundary. The resolved address mapping is then stored in HUGE_TSB.

Patch 2/3: get_user_pages() etc. are used for direct IO. These
functions were not aware of hugepages at the PUD level and would try
to continue walking page tables beyond the PUD level. Since 16G
hugepages have page tables allocated till PUD level only, these
accesses would result in invalid access. This patch adds the case
for PUD huge pages to these functions.

Patch 3/3: Patch 1 added the case of PUD entry being huge in page
table walk and alloc functions. This new case further increased
nesting in these functions and made them harder to follow. This
patch flattens these functions for better readability.

Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org

Changelog v5 vs v4:
- Checking at PUD level for hugepage entry during page table walk is
patched out if 16GB hugepages are not being used.
Changelog v4 vs v3:
- Added cover letter (patch 0/4) for patch series.
Changelog v3 vs v2:
- Fixed email headers so the subject shows up correctly.
====================

Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

show more ...

sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support

Adds support for 16GB hugepage size. To use this page size
use kernel parameters as:

default_hugepagesz=16G hugepagesz=16G hugepages=10

Testing:

Tested with the

sparc64: Add 16GB hugepage support

Adds support for 16GB hugepage size. To use this page size
use kernel parameters as:

default_hugepagesz=16G hugepagesz=16G hugepages=10

Testing:

Tested with the stream benchmark which allocates 48G of
arrays backed by 16G hugepages and does RW operation on
them in parallel.

Orabug: 25362942

Signed-off-by: Nitin Gupta <nitin.m.gupta@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

show more ...

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc5' into nfsd tree

Update to get f0c3192ceee3 "virtio_net: lower limit on buffer size".
That bug was interfering with my nfsd testing.

Merge back ACPICA material for v4.13.

Merge remote-tracking branch 'airlied/drm-next' into drm-misc-next

Required for Daniel's drm_vblank_cleanup cleanup

Merge remote-tracking branch 'jl/locks-4.13' into work.misc-set_fs

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into drm-misc-next-fixes

Backmerge 4.12-rc6 into -next-fixes. -next-fixes will contain find patches
for 4.13 merge window

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq', 'pm-cpuidle' and 'pm-devfreq'

* pm-cpufreq:
cpufreq: conservative: Allow down_threshold to take values from 1 to 10
Revert "cpufreq: schedutil: Reduce frequencies sl

Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq', 'pm-cpuidle' and 'pm-devfreq'

* pm-cpufreq:
cpufreq: conservative: Allow down_threshold to take values from 1 to 10
Revert "cpufreq: schedutil: Reduce frequencies slower"

* pm-cpuidle:
cpuidle: dt: Add missing 'of_node_put()'

* pm-devfreq:
PM / devfreq: exynos-ppmu: Staticize event list
PM / devfreq: exynos-ppmu: Handle return value of clk_prepare_enable
PM / devfreq: exynos-nocp: Handle return value of clk_prepare_enable

show more ...

Merge tag 'v4.12-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux into fbdev-for-next

Linux 4.12-rc5